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![2. Pain :
It is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damage
stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol
on a cut.
The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely
used definition states: "Pain is an unpleasant sensory and
emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue
damage, or described in terms of such damage."[2] In medical
diagnosis, pain is a symptom.
Management :
Acute pain is usually managed with medications such
as analgesics and anesthetics
Management of chronic pain, however, is much more difficult
and may require the coordinated efforts of a pain
management team](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3-181205143255/75/3-Cellulitis-11-2048.jpg)
![ Hypoesthesia (or hypesthesia) refer to a reduced sense
of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity
to sensory stimuli. Also known as "numbness“
Hyperesthesia (or hyperaesthesia) is a condition that
involves an abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli of
the sense. "When a non-noxious stimulus causes the
sensation of pain the area will be termed
hyperaesthetic".[1] Stimuli of the senses can include sound
that one hears, foods that one tastes, textures that one
feels, Increased touch sensitivity is referred to as "tactile
hyperesthesia", and increased sound sensitivity is called
"auditory hyperesthesia".](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3-181205143255/75/3-Cellulitis-16-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byDr.Bijay Yadav
3. Cellulitis
This document discusses cellulitis, a spreading skin infection caused by bacteria. It describes the typical symptoms of cellulitis like redness, swelling and pain. Common causes include injuries, diabetes, and low immunity. The document outlines treatments like antibiotics and rest. It also discusses other common skin conditions like itching, pain, discoloration, numbness and increased sensitivity. Prevention through education is mentioned.
In this document
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Overview of cellulitis, a subcutaneous inflammation, its causes (S. pyogenes), and common sites of occurrence.
Identifies clinical features of cellulitis like redness, pain, and swelling; also discusses complications such as lymphedema and facial erysipelas.
Treatment options for cellulitis including symptomatic care and specific medications like penicillin and erythromycin.
Explains itching (pruritus) and its common causes, including dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, and infections.
Lists infections that cause itching (chicken pox, fungal rashes) and medications (antifungals, antibiotics) responsible for itchy rashes.
Details diagnostic methods for itching such as blood tests, skin tests, and biopsies.
Outlines treatment for itching including moisturizers and anti-itch creams.
Defines pain and discusses management strategies for acute and chronic pain.
Explains causes of skin discoloration and medical along with home treatments.
Defines hypoesthesia (numbness) and hyperesthesia (increased sensitivity) in sensory perception.
Stresses the importance of preventive education regarding skin health.
Concludes the presentation with a thank you note.
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3. Cellulitis
- 1. DR. BIJAY KR.YADAV Hollyvision technical campus Shankhamul, Kathmandu
- 2. Cellulitis Cellulitis isa spreading subcutaneous inflammation caused by Streptococcus pyogens commonest. Source of infection : • Injuries- minor or major • Graze or scratch • Snake bite, scorpion bite, etc. Precipitating factors : • Diabetes • Low resistance of an individual Common sites : • Lower limbs • Face • scrotum
- 3. Clinical features: Lesion is ill-defined and deeper Redness and itching Diffuse swelling Skin is stretched and shiny Pain, fever, toxaemia follows later. In untreated cases, suppuration, sloughing and gangrene can occur Complications : Lymphadenopathy frequently Facial erysipelas, if untreated, may prove fetal. Recurrences may occur in the same areas and result in lymphedema which further predisposes to recurrent infection.
- 4. Treatment : Symptomatic treatment Rest Limb elevation Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Specific treatment Acute episode – parenteral penicillin Erythromycin- penicillin sensitive patients or in pts whom cellulitis is complication of manipulated furuncle Recurrent episodes managed with Chemoprophylaxis with long-acting penicillin (Benzathine penicillin)
- 5. Common symptoms : 1.Itching : also known as pruritus, is an irritating and uncontrollable sensation that makes you want to scratch to relieve the feeling. Causes : Itchiness can be generalized (all over the body) or localized to one small region or spot. Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin Eczema: a chronic skin disorder that includes itchy, scaly rashes Psoriasis: an autoimmune disease that causes skin redness and irritation, usually in the form of plaques Dermatographism: a raised, red, itchy rash caused by pressure on the skin
- 7. Infections that causeitching include: chicken pox measles fungal rashes mites, including bedbugs lice pinworms scabies
- 8. Medications : Thefollowing common medicines often cause rashes and widespread itching: antifungals antibiotics (especially sulfa-based antibiotics) narcotic painkillers anti-convulsant medications
- 9. Diagnosis : bloodtest: may indicate an underlying condition test of your thyroid function: can rule out thyroid issues skin test: to determine if you’re having an allergic reaction to something scraping or biopsy of your skin: can determine if you have an infection
- 10. Treatment : using a good moisturizer to keep your skin hydrated avoiding scratching, which can worsen the itch staying away from soaps, detergents, and other substances that contain perfumes and color dyes taking a cool bath with oatmeal or baking soda rying over-the-counter anti-itch creams taking an oral antihistamine
- 11. 2. Pain : Itis a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damage stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut. The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition states: "Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage."[2] In medical diagnosis, pain is a symptom. Management : Acute pain is usually managed with medications such as analgesics and anesthetics Management of chronic pain, however, is much more difficult and may require the coordinated efforts of a pain management team
- 13. Discolouration : Discoloredskin patches are irregular areas where there are changes in skin color. Causes : illness, injury, and inflammatory problems. Discolored skin patches also commonly develop in a certain part of the body due to a difference in melanin levels • Burns - Sunburns • Infections – bacterial skin infections,fungal infections like tinea versicolor, ringworm • Autoimune diseases and allergies - lupus erythematosus , Graves’ disease, • Hormonal changes - during pregnancy, Melasma • Birth marks - Mongolian spots, Moles, Port-wine stains • Skin Cancer - Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, Melanoma, Actinic keratosis
- 14. Medical treatments Lasertherapy: Intense pulsed light devices and Q-switched lasers are commonly used to help lighten skin areas that have darkened. Topical creams: Topical hydroquinone or prescription retinol (vitamin A) cream may help decrease the appearance of dark skin patches. Chemical peels: Chemical peels containing salicylic acid and glycolic acid can be used to remove the outer, discolored layer of skin.
- 15. Home treatments Over-the-countercreams: Vitamin A or E creams can help reduce the appearance of skin discoloration and boost overall skin health. Lemon juice: Apply lemon juice twice per day to lighten skin areas that have darkened. This may reduce the appearance of discolored skin patches in six to eight weeks. Castor oil: Apply castor oil to discolored areas twice per day, or wear a bandage soaked in castor oil overnight. This can help smooth the skin and break down excess melanin. Vitamin C: Eat foods rich in vitamin C, an essential nutrient for skin health. Fruits high in vitamin C include cantaloupe, oranges, and pineapple. Drink tea: Drinking tea made from burdock, red clover, or milk thistle might reduce skin discoloration.
- 16. Hypoesthesia (orhypesthesia) refer to a reduced sense of touch or sensation, or a partial loss of sensitivity to sensory stimuli. Also known as "numbness“ Hyperesthesia (or hyperaesthesia) is a condition that involves an abnormal increase in sensitivity to stimuli of the sense. "When a non-noxious stimulus causes the sensation of pain the area will be termed hyperaesthetic".[1] Stimuli of the senses can include sound that one hears, foods that one tastes, textures that one feels, Increased touch sensitivity is referred to as "tactile hyperesthesia", and increased sound sensitivity is called "auditory hyperesthesia".
- 17.
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