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Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Normalization methods for 
analytical variance reduction 
Statistics 
Goals: Evaluate batch effects in replicated 
measurements and overview normalization methods 
Topics: 
1. Batch effects 
2. Sample normalization 
3. Variable transformation 
4. Variable normalization
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Identify the effects of sample 
drying 
Statistics 
Use DATA: Normalization Data.csv 
Visualize: 
1. Batch effects in replicated measurements 
2. The effect of normalization on samples and variables 
Questions: 
1. How can batch and outlier effects be mitigated?
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Question: 
Statistics 
Are there any batch effects in this data?
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Answer: 
Statistics 
Are there any batch effects in this data? (Yes!)
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Answer: 
Statistics 
Not all metabolites are similarly affected
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Question: 
Statistics 
Can sample and variable normalizations reduce 
analytical variance and batch effects?
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Answer: 
Statistics 
Sample and variable normalizations can reduce 
or increase analytical variance and batch 
effects. 
Sum 
raw normalization
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Answer: 
Statistics 
Sample and variable normalizations can reduce 
analytical variance and batch effects. 
Sum 
normalization 
raw
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
QC sample based normalizations 
Statistics 
Can be useful for estimating and removing 
analytical variance
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Example: qcLOESS workflow 
Statistics
Biology 
Chemistry 
Informatics 
Overview of Normalizations (PCA) 
Raw (%RSD = 13) 
qcISTD (9) 
LOESS (12) 
qcISTD + 
LOESS (8) 
Only LOESS included 
normalizations effectively 
remove analytical batch 
effects

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3 data normalization (2014 lab tutorial)

  • 1. Biology Chemistry Informatics Normalization methods for analytical variance reduction Statistics Goals: Evaluate batch effects in replicated measurements and overview normalization methods Topics: 1. Batch effects 2. Sample normalization 3. Variable transformation 4. Variable normalization
  • 2. Biology Chemistry Informatics Identify the effects of sample drying Statistics Use DATA: Normalization Data.csv Visualize: 1. Batch effects in replicated measurements 2. The effect of normalization on samples and variables Questions: 1. How can batch and outlier effects be mitigated?
  • 3. Biology Chemistry Informatics Question: Statistics Are there any batch effects in this data?
  • 4. Biology Chemistry Informatics Answer: Statistics Are there any batch effects in this data? (Yes!)
  • 5. Biology Chemistry Informatics Answer: Statistics Not all metabolites are similarly affected
  • 6. Biology Chemistry Informatics Question: Statistics Can sample and variable normalizations reduce analytical variance and batch effects?
  • 7. Biology Chemistry Informatics Answer: Statistics Sample and variable normalizations can reduce or increase analytical variance and batch effects. Sum raw normalization
  • 8. Biology Chemistry Informatics Answer: Statistics Sample and variable normalizations can reduce analytical variance and batch effects. Sum normalization raw
  • 9. Biology Chemistry Informatics QC sample based normalizations Statistics Can be useful for estimating and removing analytical variance
  • 10. Biology Chemistry Informatics Example: qcLOESS workflow Statistics
  • 11. Biology Chemistry Informatics Overview of Normalizations (PCA) Raw (%RSD = 13) qcISTD (9) LOESS (12) qcISTD + LOESS (8) Only LOESS included normalizations effectively remove analytical batch effects