4ºESO_unit_13.pptx
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This document provides an overview of sport in society. It defines sport and discusses its origins and spread due to schools in England emphasizing sport and the development of gymnastics in Europe. Sport is practiced for health, social benefits, fun and potentially as a job. The document also discusses children's sport focusing on development, sport for all promoting health and quality of life, and high performance sport aiming for victory through dedicated training. It addresses the relationship between professional and spectator sport and issues like doping, which goes against fair play and can be harmful to health.
4ºESO_unit_13.pptx
- 1. SPORT IN SOCIETY UNIT 13 4 GRADE OF SECONDARY 2021-2022
- 2. INDEX • WHAT IS SPORT • SPORT IN CHILDHOOD • SPORT FOR ALL • HIGH PERFORMANCE SPORT • SOCIAL ASPECTS OF SPORT. Doping.
- 3. SPORT • WHAT IS SPORT? • Sport is not an isolated or secondary activity in people's lives. • In our society it has become an everyday thing. • advertising continuously offers sport- related images. • DEFINITIONS: • José María Cagigal: sport is a liberal, spontaneous and disinterested form of recreation, an expansion of the spirit and the
- 4. SPORT • WHAT IS SPORT? • DEFINITIONS: • Pierre Parlebas: sport is any human activity that involves significant motor action. • World Manifiesto on Sport (UNESCO, 1968): sport is called physical activity with the character of play, which takes the form of a struggle with oneself or with others or constitutes a confrontation with the natural elements. In addition, it must be done with a sportin g
- 5. SPORT • WHY DO WE PRACTICE SPORT? • Good health and fitness. • Social relationships. • It is sociabilizing: submission to rules, encourages the spirit of fair play and respect for the other. • Free time, fun and hobby. • Job or professional activity
- 6. SPORT • WHEN SPORT APPEARED? • Events and factors that have contributed to the spread of sport: • ENGLAND (Thomas Arnold, 1828): sport (Rugby) was included in schools to promote moral qualities and effort. • EUROPE (1800) methods and schools that encouraged the practice of physical exercise: • Germany (Ludwig Jahn): invented an exercise system with a wide range of equipment. • Sweden (Pier Henrik Ling): developed Swedish gymnastics. • Paris (Francisco Amarós): gym with many obstacles (walls, hedges, bars…)
- 7. SPORT • WHEN SPORT APPEARED? • Events and factors that have contributed to the spread of sport: • Clubs, regional, national or international federations, committees and associations. Hierarchical structures with links and relationships. Unification of rules and competitions. • The Olympic Movement (23rd June 1894) Pierre de Coubertin formed the world's first global sports organisation: International Olympic Committee. • Society's view of sport as a way of promoting health: physical and mental.
- 8. SPORT IN CHILDHOOD • There are different types of sport depending on their purpose and the people they are aimed at. SPORT School-age sport •Educational and healthy •Recreational and social relationship Sport for all •Free time and hobby •Sport as own social sphere •Pleasure •Recreational or competitive High performance sport •Competitive •Professional activity •Way of representing a country
- 9. SPORT IN CHILDHOOD • Why children should play sport? • Physical activity contributes to the development of the child, the fine-tuning of the body and the improvement of the coordination of movements. • The emotional and cognitive experiences of sport stimulate their intelligence, developing their powers of observation, creativity, coordination, sense of balance, space and time, as well as logic. In addition, it promotes social relations with others and
- 10. SPORT IN CHILDHOOD •what is the purpose of children's sport? • Harmonious development of physical and psychomotor skills. • Sport oriented primarily towards the game and the development of basic abilities or technical sporting skills. • The rules are adapted to each age group and competition is only a way to improve day by day.
- 11. SPORT FOR ALL •why is sport for all promoted? • In the way of life of people in so-called leisure societies, sport is more than just a way of occupying leisure time, for while it is still a universal cultural good, it has also become a consumer product. • Sport is closely linked to quality of life and contributes to improving people's health.
- 12. SPORT FOR ALL •what is the purpose of sport for all? • Nowadays, there is a growing demand for a sport where participation is more important than competition.
- 13. HIGH PERFORMANCE SPORT •What is its propuse? • High performance sport aims to develop the maximum possibilities in a certain speciality with the intention of achieving victory in competition. • For many sportsmen and sportswomen, sport is a professional activity that occupies a large part of their time. • The competition is organised by federative institutions on the basis of official rules, the application of which is supervised by a sports discipline committee.
- 14. HIGH PERFORMANCE SPORT •CHARACTERISTICS: • Less people are practising it. • Age is a limiting factor. • Record-breaking, best marks, which allows to compare sportsmen and women all over the world. • High cost of installations and complex and sophisticated equipment. • professional sport is often linked to spectacle sport with political, social and
- 15. SOCIAL ASPECTS OF SPORT •The relationship between profesional sport and spectator sport. Professio nal sportsper son Competitio n/ match spectacl e Audien ce Econom ic benefit Advertising Marketing
- 16. SOCIAL ASPECTS OF SPORT •Consequences: • As sport becomes a spectacle, victory is a priority, leading to cheating and breaking the rules of the game. They even resort to violence or put performance before the health of the sportsman or woman.
- 17. SOCIAL ASPECTS OF SPORT • the media focus on top-level sport because athletes represent their country in international competitions, and because of the influence of other factors such as marketing, advertising, entertainment and the public. • The media sometimes distort the image of sport, transmitting a hard and competitive vision of sport, within the reach of a few, emphasising success and rivalry more than
- 18. SOCIAL ASPECTS OF SPORT •What is doping? Why is it harmful? • Doping is the knowing administration of prohibited substances, substances likely to damage health, in order to artificially increase an athlete's physical capabilities. • Doping increases the athlete's potential, but once the effects are over, if the drug is not taken again, the athlete falls into a state of fatigue or depression. It therefore leads to addiction and a serious decrease in health.
- 19. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DOPING: • Addiction • Hormonal disorders • Metabolic disorders • Severe illnesses • Doping manifests a lack of moral values, it is against fair play and fair competition. Athletes who dope cheat: they cheat their opponents because they are not competing on a level playing field.
- 20. WHY DO SOME ATHLETES DOPE? • Pressure on the athlete (the media, supporters, opponents…) • Increasingly stringent/hard training programmes and competitions. • The athlete sees that his physical capacities are not enough to be the best. • Economic interests. • Prestige/reputation (club, athlete, country…) • Coach or sports doctor
- 21. DOPING SUBSTANCES • STIMULANTS: increase attention and reduce the feeling of tiredness • ANABOLIC STEROIDS: increase muscle mass. Raising their levels in the blood could help athletes to increase muscle size and strength • DIURETICS: they lose body fluid through urine. They can also help athletes lose weight, which they could use to their advantage in sports where they need to qualify in a particular weight category. • BLOOD DOPING: transfusion of blood rich in red blood cells increases oxygen consumption.