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Carrier aggregation allows LTE networks to aggregate multiple component carriers to increase bandwidth and peak data rates. It is a key technology in LTE-Advanced. Three carrier aggregation was standardized in Release 10 and improvements were made in Releases 11 and 12. Implementing carrier aggregation poses design challenges for user equipment due to requirements for complex transceiver architectures capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving on multiple frequency bands, which can cause issues like intermodulation distortion. It also impacts higher layers with changes to RRC signaling and the addition of cross-carrier scheduling capabilities. Thorough testing is needed to validate performance under realistic radio frequency impairment conditions.

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Carrier Aggregation: Fundamentals and Deployments Presented by: Manuel Blanco Agilent Technologies © 2014 Agilent Technologies
Agenda LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Design and test challenges © 2014 Agilent Technologies2
Industry background  263 LTE networks in more than 95 countries (+500 operators investing) o Approximately 10% are TDD o Less than 10% are using 20 MHz www.gsacom.com  157.7 million LTE subscribers (112 million added in the past 12 months) o More than half in North America (79 million)  Over 1,200 LTE capable devices available o 40% can operate in Band 3 and Band 7  LTE is the fastest developing mobile technology ever © 2014 Agilent Technologies3
Why LTE-Advanced? IMT-Advanced Requirements Based on an all-IP packet switch network Scalable channel bandwidths between 5 and 20 MHz Interoperability with existing wireless standards © 2014 Agilent Technologies4 Item Subcategory IMT-Adv LTE Spectral efficiency (b/s/Hz) Downlink 15 (4x4 MIMO) 16.3 (4x4 MIMO) Uplink 6.75 (2x4 MIMO) 4.32 (64QAM) Data rate (Mbps) Downlink 1000 300 Uplink 100 75
LTE-Advanced New features Carrier Aggregation Enhanced MIMO Higher data rates (bps) Higher spectral effiency (bps/Hz) Higher spectral effiency per coverage area (bps/Hz/Km2) Het-Nets © 2014 Agilent Technologies5
LTE-Advanced New UE Categories UE Category Data Rate DL/UL (Mbps) Downlink Uplink Max number of layers Max number of layers Support for 64QAM 1 10 / 5 1 1 No 2 50 / 25 2 1 No 3 100 / 50 2 1 No 4 150 / 50 2 1 No 5 300 / 75 4 1 Yes 6 300 / 50 2 or 4 1 or 2 No 7 300 / 100 2 or 4 1 or 2 No 8 3000 / 1500 8 4 Yes LTELTE-A © 2014 Agilent Technologies6
Agenda LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Design and test challenges © 2014 Agilent Technologies7
Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals  Bandwidth extension by aggregating LTE component carriers (CC) o Up to 5 CC can be allocated in both DL and UL – 100 MHz aggregated o Components carriers are backwards compatible with Release 8 terminals o Symmetric or asymmetric DL/UL CA configurations  Motivation o Higher peak data rates o Facilitate efficient use of fragmented spectrum o Enable 150 Mbps (Category 4) in typical deployments where 20MHz contiguous spectrum is not an option © 2014 Agilent Technologies8 Aggregated Data Pipe 10MHz DL Carrier 1 10MHz DL Carrier 2 Carrier Aggregation is the first step of LTE Advanced
 PCC (Primary Component Carrier) oHandle the RRC/NAS procedures oMeasurement reports and mobility oUEs using the same set of CCs, can have different PCC oRole only changed with handover oPUSCH is mandatory  SCC (Secondary Component Carrier) oUE handles up to 4 SCC oConfigured using RRC signaling procedures oCan be dynamically activated/de-activated using a MAC control element oActivated only when in CONNECTED mode oPUSCH is optional - asymmetric CA Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals © 2014 Agilent Technologies9 SCC SCCPCC Downlink PCC SCC Uplink
Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals PCC UE RRC Connection MME Attach Request Authentication and NAS Security AS Security UE capabilities Attach Accept + Default EPS SCC Release 8 PS Attach Band 4 - 10 MHzBand 17 -10 MHz Data Link (single carrier) 73 Mbps © 2014 Agilent Technologies10
Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals PCC RRC Connection MME Attach Request Authentication and NAS Security AS Security UE capabilities Attach Accept + Default EPS RRC Reconfiguration + Add SCC SCC Release 8 PS Attach Release 10 SCC Addition & Activation Data Link (single carrier) 73 Mbps Band 17 -10 MHz Band 4 - 10 MHz © 2014 Agilent Technologies11 UE
Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals Physical cell ID and DL frequency channel Common configuration: DL and UL channel BW, uplink EARFCN, antenna config, physical channels config, power control config Dedicated configuration: Transmission mode, physical channels config, cross-carrier scheduling, CSI-RS config Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 SCC Configuration at RRC level Screen capture of the Agilent Trace log and debug application (Trace Spy II) © 2014 Agilent Technologies12
Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals PCC RRC Connection MME Attach Request Authentication and NAS Security AS Security UE capabilities Attach Accept + Default EPS RRC Reconfiguration + Add SCC SCC Release 8 PS Attach Release 10 SCC Addition & Activation Data Link (single carrier) 73 Mbps MAC control element Data Link (2 CC aggregated) 147 Mbps Band 17 -10 MHz Band 4 - 10 MHz © 2014 Agilent Technologies13 UE
© 2014 Agilent Technologies14 Band A Band B Intra -band contiguous Resourceblock f ≈ Resourceblock f Intra-band non-contiguous Inter-band non-contiguous Resourceblock f Band A Band A Modes and Deployments
Release 10: o Signaling to support up to 5 CC o Scenarios limited to 2 CCs o Maximum aggregated bandwidth is 40MHz o Prioritized support intra band contiguous and inter band o Rest of scenarios were postponed to later Releases Intra - band Contiguous CA E-UTRA CA Band E-UTRA operating Band Uplink (UL) band Downlink (DL) band Duplex mode UE transmit / BS receive Channel BW MHz UE receive / BS transmit Channel BW MHzFUL_low (MHz) – FUL_high (MHz) FDL_low (MHz) – FDL_high (MHz) CA_40 40 2300 – 2400 [40 1) ] 2300 – 2400 [40 1) ] TDD CA_1 1 1920 – 1980 40 2110 – 2170 40 FDD [1) For the first phase of LTE TDD CA for UE side, with eventual goal for 50MHz] Inter - band Non -Contiguous CA E-UTRA CA Band E-UTRA operating Band Uplink (UL) band Downlink (DL) band Duplex mode UE transmit / BS receive Channel BW MHz UE receive / BS transmit Channel BW MHzFUL_low (MHz) – FUL_high (MHz) FDL_low (MHz) – FDL_high (MHz) CA_1-5 1 1920 – 1980 10 1) 2110 – 2170 10 FDD 5 824 – 849 10 1) 869 – 894 10 1) Only one uplink component carrier is used in any of the two frequency bands at any time. © 2014 Agilent Technologies15 Inter-band Intra-band cont 1 23 CABandCombinations Rel.10 Modes and Deployments
Release 11: o Maximum aggregated bandwidth is 40MHz o Support multiple timing advances (required for UL CA) o Core requirements for intra-band non-cont o Performance requirements for new inter-band and intra-band combinations © 2014 Agilent Technologies16 Inter-band Intra-band cont Inter-band 1 23 CABandCombinations 24 CABandCombinations Rel.10 Intra-band cont Modes and Deployments Intra non-cont Rel-11 inter-band Carrier Aggregation Rapporteur Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 7 TeliaSonera Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 17 AT&T Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 13 Ericsson (Verizon) Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 12 Leap Wireless Carrier Aggregation of Band 5 and Band 12 US Cellular Carrier Aggregation of Band 7 and Band 20 Huawei Carrier Aggregation of Band 2 and Band 17 AT&T Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 5 AT&T Carrier Aggregation of Band 5 and Band 17 AT&T Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 20 Vodafone Carrier Aggregation of Band 8 and Band 20 Vodafone Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 5 SK Telecom Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 7 Rogers Wireless Carrier Aggregation of Band 11 and Band 18 KDDI Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 18 KDDI Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 19 NTT DoCoMo Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 21 NTT DoCoMo Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 8 KT Rel.11 119 5
1 Release 12: o Core requirements uplink CA in inter-band o Performance requirements for intra-band non-contiguous o Core analysis for 3 component carriers in inter-band o Maximum aggregated bandwidth is 50MHz © 2014 Agilent Technologies17 Inter-band Intra-band cont 19 Inter-band 1 23 CABandCombinations 24 CABandCombinations 48 12 Inter-band 25 Inter 3 CC 95 CABandCombinations Intra-band cont 10 Intra non-cont Rel.10 Rel.11 Intra-band cont Modes and Deployments Intra non-cont 5 Rel.12
Agenda LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Design and test challenges © 2014 Agilent Technologies18
 Impact on higher layers: o Enhanced user plane to support higher data rates o Modifications and new additions on existing RRC procedures:  Reconfiguration message to support Addition/Release of SCC  Report of new UE categories and capabilities Impact on UE design NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY NAS MME UE RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY PCCSCC © 2014 Agilent Technologies19 - None - Larger buffer - None - Addition and removal SCC Carrier Aggregation impact
Impact on UE design o Multiple PHY and aggregated MAC:  One PHY layer per CC  Data aggregation happens at MAC layer  MAC must handle scheduling on multiple CC  Support of cross-carrier scheduling o Complex transceivers design:  Highly challenging radio environment in terms of spur and self-blocking  Front-end needs to be designed to support multiple frequency band combinations  MIMO + multi chain makes antenna design even more challenging © 2014 Agilent Technologies20 PHY, MAC and RF are the most challenging
Design and Test Challenges Challenge #1 : When Inter-Band aggregation and MIMO spatial multiplexing is combined, test set-ups may become quite complex. T2010A LTE Wireless Communications Test Set 21 PCC SCC UE + + T2010A Channel Emulator RF RX Performance Test Scenario • 2CC aggregation • MIMO 4x2 • Closed loop spatial multiplexing • RF impairments Channel Emulator
Design and Test Challenges TR 36.850 and 36.851 Inter-band carrier aggregation Scope: To gather relevant background and studies to address Inter-band carrier aggregation requirements (Release 11) Class Description A1 Low-high band combination without harmonic relation between bands or intermodulation problem A2 Low-high band combination with harmonic relation between bands A3 Low-low or high-high band combination without intermodulation problem (low order IM) A4 Low-low, low-high or high-high band combination with intermodulation problem (low order IM) A5 Combination except for A1 – A4 Harmonics may cause degradation in the performance of the high band receiver The use of diplexers to split and combine RF chains are very challenging © 2014 Agilent Technologies22 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
Design and Test Challenges 710 MHz Band 17 Band 4 Class A2 example: Band 4-17 Uplink PCC SCC © 2014 Agilent Technologies23 740 MHz 2130 MHz Downlink Downlink Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
Design and Test Challenges 3rd harmonic Class A2 example: Band 4-17 710 MHz 740 MHz 2130 MHz Band 17 Band 4 Uplink Downlink Downlink PCC SCC © 2014 Agilent Technologies24 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
Design and Test Challenges Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Release 8 Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Carrier Aggregation Band 4 -96.3 -89.5 Band 17 -93.3 -92.8 Band 1 -96.3 -96.3 Band 5 -94.3 -94.3 Source: 36.851 and 36.521-1 © 2014 Agilent Technologies25 D/A D/A A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D D/A D/A A/D A/D Band A Band A Band B Band B Antenna tuner SwitchSwitch H3Trap Band 17 Band 4 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
D/A D/A A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D D/A D/A A/D A/D Band A Band A Band B Band B Antenna tuner SwitchSwitch H3Trap Band 17 Band 4 Design and Test Challenges Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Release 8 Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Carrier Aggregation Band 4 -96.3 -89.5 Band 17 -93.3 -92.8 Band 1 -96.3 -96.3 Band 5 -94.3 -94.3 6.8dB due to noise floor increase caused by harmonic Note: This is an exception allowed when the uplink active in the lower frequency operating band. Source: 36.851 and 36.521-1 © 2014 Agilent Technologies26 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
D/A D/A A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D D/A D/A A/D A/D Band A Band A Band B Band B Antenna tuner SwitchSwitch H3Trap Band 17 Band 4 Design and Test Challenges Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Release 8 Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Carrier Aggregation Band 4 -96.3 -89.5 Band 17 -93.3 -92.8 Band 1 -96.3 -96.3 Band 5 -94.3 -94.3 Source: 36.851 and 36.521-1 0.5 dB due to H3 trap filter insertion loss © 2014 Agilent Technologies27 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
Design and Test Challenges Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Release 8 Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Carrier Aggregation Band 4 -96.3 -89.5 Band 17 -92.8 -92.8 Band 1 -96.3 -96.3 Band 5 -94.3 -94.3 0.5 dB due to H3 trap filter insertion loss Source: 36.851 and 36.521-1 © 2014 Agilent Technologies28 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
LTE T4000S Test Systems © 2014 Agilent Technologies29 T4110S LTE Protocol Tester T4020S LTE RRM Tester ALL BASED ON THE SAME HARDWARE PLATFORM T4010S LTE RF Tester T2010A LTE Wireless Communications Test Set
3GPP Conformance Status • 63 New RF test cases • 16 New RRM test cases • 36 New Protocol test cases  Ongoing! CA test cases in a new WI which covers intra-band non-contiguous • 13 New RF test cases • 18 New Protocol test cases  New test cases for inter-band without UL CA and intra-band contiguous with and without UL CA  Outlook! New CA test cases expected in Rel-12 (inter-band with 2 uplinks) © 2014 Agilent Technologies30
SUMMARY  Carrier aggregation is the first step of LTE Advanced enabling: o Higher IP data rates o Facilitate efficient use of fragmented spectrum  Inter-Band with 2 component carriers aggregated in the downlink is one of the most demanded combinations today  Carrier aggregation is a huge topic in Conformance with a lot of new test cases defined and more in the pipeline © 2014 Agilent Technologies31
• Unique receiver test Flexible channel allocation and closed-loop testing • Trusted transmitter test X-Series measurement science • Sustained bidirectional 300 Mbps / 50 Mbps E2E IP data • Most highly integrated solution: multiple cells, carrier aggregation, 4x2 DL MIMO, integrated fading and built-in application server Ensure realistic category 4 / 6 performance Achieve design confidence LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation CAT 6 Device DL: 300Mbps UL: 50 Mbps E7515A UXM Wireless Test Set Make a clear call © 2014 Agilent Technologies32 Join “Overcome LTE-A UE Design Test Challenges with Agilent’s New UXM” webcast here
© 2014 Agilent Technologies33 Agilent Resources • LTE-Advanced application and product info: www.agilent.com/find/lteadvanced • T4000S LTE/LTE-A Conformance and DV Systems: www.agilent.com/find/t4000s • E7515A UXM Wireless Test Set: www.agilent.com/find/E7515A • 89600 VSA product information: www.agilent.com/find/vsa • X-Series signal analyzer product information: www.agilent.com/find/xseries • Signal Studio product information: www.agilent.com/find/signalstudio LTE-Advanced Documents • Application Note: http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5990-6706EN.pdf • Requirements TR 36.913: http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/36913.htm • Study Technical Report TR 36.912: http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/36912.htm For more information…
THANK YOU! © 2014 Agilent Technologies Questions and Answers

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5 cc

  • 1. Carrier Aggregation: Fundamentals and Deployments Presented by: Manuel Blanco Agilent Technologies © 2014 Agilent Technologies
  • 2. Agenda LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Design and test challenges © 2014 Agilent Technologies2
  • 3. Industry background  263 LTE networks in more than 95 countries (+500 operators investing) o Approximately 10% are TDD o Less than 10% are using 20 MHz www.gsacom.com  157.7 million LTE subscribers (112 million added in the past 12 months) o More than half in North America (79 million)  Over 1,200 LTE capable devices available o 40% can operate in Band 3 and Band 7  LTE is the fastest developing mobile technology ever © 2014 Agilent Technologies3
  • 4. Why LTE-Advanced? IMT-Advanced Requirements Based on an all-IP packet switch network Scalable channel bandwidths between 5 and 20 MHz Interoperability with existing wireless standards © 2014 Agilent Technologies4 Item Subcategory IMT-Adv LTE Spectral efficiency (b/s/Hz) Downlink 15 (4x4 MIMO) 16.3 (4x4 MIMO) Uplink 6.75 (2x4 MIMO) 4.32 (64QAM) Data rate (Mbps) Downlink 1000 300 Uplink 100 75
  • 5. LTE-Advanced New features Carrier Aggregation Enhanced MIMO Higher data rates (bps) Higher spectral effiency (bps/Hz) Higher spectral effiency per coverage area (bps/Hz/Km2) Het-Nets © 2014 Agilent Technologies5
  • 6. LTE-Advanced New UE Categories UE Category Data Rate DL/UL (Mbps) Downlink Uplink Max number of layers Max number of layers Support for 64QAM 1 10 / 5 1 1 No 2 50 / 25 2 1 No 3 100 / 50 2 1 No 4 150 / 50 2 1 No 5 300 / 75 4 1 Yes 6 300 / 50 2 or 4 1 or 2 No 7 300 / 100 2 or 4 1 or 2 No 8 3000 / 1500 8 4 Yes LTELTE-A © 2014 Agilent Technologies6
  • 7. Agenda LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Design and test challenges © 2014 Agilent Technologies7
  • 8. Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals  Bandwidth extension by aggregating LTE component carriers (CC) o Up to 5 CC can be allocated in both DL and UL – 100 MHz aggregated o Components carriers are backwards compatible with Release 8 terminals o Symmetric or asymmetric DL/UL CA configurations  Motivation o Higher peak data rates o Facilitate efficient use of fragmented spectrum o Enable 150 Mbps (Category 4) in typical deployments where 20MHz contiguous spectrum is not an option © 2014 Agilent Technologies8 Aggregated Data Pipe 10MHz DL Carrier 1 10MHz DL Carrier 2 Carrier Aggregation is the first step of LTE Advanced
  • 9.  PCC (Primary Component Carrier) oHandle the RRC/NAS procedures oMeasurement reports and mobility oUEs using the same set of CCs, can have different PCC oRole only changed with handover oPUSCH is mandatory  SCC (Secondary Component Carrier) oUE handles up to 4 SCC oConfigured using RRC signaling procedures oCan be dynamically activated/de-activated using a MAC control element oActivated only when in CONNECTED mode oPUSCH is optional - asymmetric CA Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals © 2014 Agilent Technologies9 SCC SCCPCC Downlink PCC SCC Uplink
  • 10. Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals PCC UE RRC Connection MME Attach Request Authentication and NAS Security AS Security UE capabilities Attach Accept + Default EPS SCC Release 8 PS Attach Band 4 - 10 MHzBand 17 -10 MHz Data Link (single carrier) 73 Mbps © 2014 Agilent Technologies10
  • 11. Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals PCC RRC Connection MME Attach Request Authentication and NAS Security AS Security UE capabilities Attach Accept + Default EPS RRC Reconfiguration + Add SCC SCC Release 8 PS Attach Release 10 SCC Addition & Activation Data Link (single carrier) 73 Mbps Band 17 -10 MHz Band 4 - 10 MHz © 2014 Agilent Technologies11 UE
  • 12. Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals Physical cell ID and DL frequency channel Common configuration: DL and UL channel BW, uplink EARFCN, antenna config, physical channels config, power control config Dedicated configuration: Transmission mode, physical channels config, cross-carrier scheduling, CSI-RS config Source: 3GPP TS 36.331 SCC Configuration at RRC level Screen capture of the Agilent Trace log and debug application (Trace Spy II) © 2014 Agilent Technologies12
  • 13. Carrier Aggregation – Fundamentals PCC RRC Connection MME Attach Request Authentication and NAS Security AS Security UE capabilities Attach Accept + Default EPS RRC Reconfiguration + Add SCC SCC Release 8 PS Attach Release 10 SCC Addition & Activation Data Link (single carrier) 73 Mbps MAC control element Data Link (2 CC aggregated) 147 Mbps Band 17 -10 MHz Band 4 - 10 MHz © 2014 Agilent Technologies13 UE
  • 14. © 2014 Agilent Technologies14 Band A Band B Intra -band contiguous Resourceblock f ≈ Resourceblock f Intra-band non-contiguous Inter-band non-contiguous Resourceblock f Band A Band A Modes and Deployments
  • 15. Release 10: o Signaling to support up to 5 CC o Scenarios limited to 2 CCs o Maximum aggregated bandwidth is 40MHz o Prioritized support intra band contiguous and inter band o Rest of scenarios were postponed to later Releases Intra - band Contiguous CA E-UTRA CA Band E-UTRA operating Band Uplink (UL) band Downlink (DL) band Duplex mode UE transmit / BS receive Channel BW MHz UE receive / BS transmit Channel BW MHzFUL_low (MHz) – FUL_high (MHz) FDL_low (MHz) – FDL_high (MHz) CA_40 40 2300 – 2400 [40 1) ] 2300 – 2400 [40 1) ] TDD CA_1 1 1920 – 1980 40 2110 – 2170 40 FDD [1) For the first phase of LTE TDD CA for UE side, with eventual goal for 50MHz] Inter - band Non -Contiguous CA E-UTRA CA Band E-UTRA operating Band Uplink (UL) band Downlink (DL) band Duplex mode UE transmit / BS receive Channel BW MHz UE receive / BS transmit Channel BW MHzFUL_low (MHz) – FUL_high (MHz) FDL_low (MHz) – FDL_high (MHz) CA_1-5 1 1920 – 1980 10 1) 2110 – 2170 10 FDD 5 824 – 849 10 1) 869 – 894 10 1) Only one uplink component carrier is used in any of the two frequency bands at any time. © 2014 Agilent Technologies15 Inter-band Intra-band cont 1 23 CABandCombinations Rel.10 Modes and Deployments
  • 16. Release 11: o Maximum aggregated bandwidth is 40MHz o Support multiple timing advances (required for UL CA) o Core requirements for intra-band non-cont o Performance requirements for new inter-band and intra-band combinations © 2014 Agilent Technologies16 Inter-band Intra-band cont Inter-band 1 23 CABandCombinations 24 CABandCombinations Rel.10 Intra-band cont Modes and Deployments Intra non-cont Rel-11 inter-band Carrier Aggregation Rapporteur Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 7 TeliaSonera Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 17 AT&T Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 13 Ericsson (Verizon) Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 12 Leap Wireless Carrier Aggregation of Band 5 and Band 12 US Cellular Carrier Aggregation of Band 7 and Band 20 Huawei Carrier Aggregation of Band 2 and Band 17 AT&T Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 5 AT&T Carrier Aggregation of Band 5 and Band 17 AT&T Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 20 Vodafone Carrier Aggregation of Band 8 and Band 20 Vodafone Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 5 SK Telecom Carrier Aggregation of Band 4 and Band 7 Rogers Wireless Carrier Aggregation of Band 11 and Band 18 KDDI Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 18 KDDI Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 19 NTT DoCoMo Carrier Aggregation of Band 1 and Band 21 NTT DoCoMo Carrier Aggregation of Band 3 and Band 8 KT Rel.11 119 5
  • 17. 1 Release 12: o Core requirements uplink CA in inter-band o Performance requirements for intra-band non-contiguous o Core analysis for 3 component carriers in inter-band o Maximum aggregated bandwidth is 50MHz © 2014 Agilent Technologies17 Inter-band Intra-band cont 19 Inter-band 1 23 CABandCombinations 24 CABandCombinations 48 12 Inter-band 25 Inter 3 CC 95 CABandCombinations Intra-band cont 10 Intra non-cont Rel.10 Rel.11 Intra-band cont Modes and Deployments Intra non-cont 5 Rel.12
  • 18. Agenda LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation Design and test challenges © 2014 Agilent Technologies18
  • 19.  Impact on higher layers: o Enhanced user plane to support higher data rates o Modifications and new additions on existing RRC procedures:  Reconfiguration message to support Addition/Release of SCC  Report of new UE categories and capabilities Impact on UE design NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY NAS MME UE RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY PCCSCC © 2014 Agilent Technologies19 - None - Larger buffer - None - Addition and removal SCC Carrier Aggregation impact
  • 20. Impact on UE design o Multiple PHY and aggregated MAC:  One PHY layer per CC  Data aggregation happens at MAC layer  MAC must handle scheduling on multiple CC  Support of cross-carrier scheduling o Complex transceivers design:  Highly challenging radio environment in terms of spur and self-blocking  Front-end needs to be designed to support multiple frequency band combinations  MIMO + multi chain makes antenna design even more challenging © 2014 Agilent Technologies20 PHY, MAC and RF are the most challenging
  • 21. Design and Test Challenges Challenge #1 : When Inter-Band aggregation and MIMO spatial multiplexing is combined, test set-ups may become quite complex. T2010A LTE Wireless Communications Test Set 21 PCC SCC UE + + T2010A Channel Emulator RF RX Performance Test Scenario • 2CC aggregation • MIMO 4x2 • Closed loop spatial multiplexing • RF impairments Channel Emulator
  • 22. Design and Test Challenges TR 36.850 and 36.851 Inter-band carrier aggregation Scope: To gather relevant background and studies to address Inter-band carrier aggregation requirements (Release 11) Class Description A1 Low-high band combination without harmonic relation between bands or intermodulation problem A2 Low-high band combination with harmonic relation between bands A3 Low-low or high-high band combination without intermodulation problem (low order IM) A4 Low-low, low-high or high-high band combination with intermodulation problem (low order IM) A5 Combination except for A1 – A4 Harmonics may cause degradation in the performance of the high band receiver The use of diplexers to split and combine RF chains are very challenging © 2014 Agilent Technologies22 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
  • 23. Design and Test Challenges 710 MHz Band 17 Band 4 Class A2 example: Band 4-17 Uplink PCC SCC © 2014 Agilent Technologies23 740 MHz 2130 MHz Downlink Downlink Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
  • 24. Design and Test Challenges 3rd harmonic Class A2 example: Band 4-17 710 MHz 740 MHz 2130 MHz Band 17 Band 4 Uplink Downlink Downlink PCC SCC © 2014 Agilent Technologies24 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
  • 25. Design and Test Challenges Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Release 8 Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Carrier Aggregation Band 4 -96.3 -89.5 Band 17 -93.3 -92.8 Band 1 -96.3 -96.3 Band 5 -94.3 -94.3 Source: 36.851 and 36.521-1 © 2014 Agilent Technologies25 D/A D/A A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D D/A D/A A/D A/D Band A Band A Band B Band B Antenna tuner SwitchSwitch H3Trap Band 17 Band 4 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
  • 26. D/A D/A A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D D/A D/A A/D A/D Band A Band A Band B Band B Antenna tuner SwitchSwitch H3Trap Band 17 Band 4 Design and Test Challenges Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Release 8 Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Carrier Aggregation Band 4 -96.3 -89.5 Band 17 -93.3 -92.8 Band 1 -96.3 -96.3 Band 5 -94.3 -94.3 6.8dB due to noise floor increase caused by harmonic Note: This is an exception allowed when the uplink active in the lower frequency operating band. Source: 36.851 and 36.521-1 © 2014 Agilent Technologies26 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
  • 27. D/A D/A A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D A/D D/A D/A A/D A/D Band A Band A Band B Band B Antenna tuner SwitchSwitch H3Trap Band 17 Band 4 Design and Test Challenges Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Release 8 Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Carrier Aggregation Band 4 -96.3 -89.5 Band 17 -93.3 -92.8 Band 1 -96.3 -96.3 Band 5 -94.3 -94.3 Source: 36.851 and 36.521-1 0.5 dB due to H3 trap filter insertion loss © 2014 Agilent Technologies27 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
  • 28. Design and Test Challenges Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Release 8 Ref. Sensitivity (dBm) Carrier Aggregation Band 4 -96.3 -89.5 Band 17 -92.8 -92.8 Band 1 -96.3 -96.3 Band 5 -94.3 -94.3 0.5 dB due to H3 trap filter insertion loss Source: 36.851 and 36.521-1 © 2014 Agilent Technologies28 Challenge #2 : Simultaneous transceiver chains lead to intermodulation and cross-modulation within the UE.
  • 29. LTE T4000S Test Systems © 2014 Agilent Technologies29 T4110S LTE Protocol Tester T4020S LTE RRM Tester ALL BASED ON THE SAME HARDWARE PLATFORM T4010S LTE RF Tester T2010A LTE Wireless Communications Test Set
  • 30. 3GPP Conformance Status • 63 New RF test cases • 16 New RRM test cases • 36 New Protocol test cases  Ongoing! CA test cases in a new WI which covers intra-band non-contiguous • 13 New RF test cases • 18 New Protocol test cases  New test cases for inter-band without UL CA and intra-band contiguous with and without UL CA  Outlook! New CA test cases expected in Rel-12 (inter-band with 2 uplinks) © 2014 Agilent Technologies30
  • 31. SUMMARY  Carrier aggregation is the first step of LTE Advanced enabling: o Higher IP data rates o Facilitate efficient use of fragmented spectrum  Inter-Band with 2 component carriers aggregated in the downlink is one of the most demanded combinations today  Carrier aggregation is a huge topic in Conformance with a lot of new test cases defined and more in the pipeline © 2014 Agilent Technologies31
  • 32. • Unique receiver test Flexible channel allocation and closed-loop testing • Trusted transmitter test X-Series measurement science • Sustained bidirectional 300 Mbps / 50 Mbps E2E IP data • Most highly integrated solution: multiple cells, carrier aggregation, 4x2 DL MIMO, integrated fading and built-in application server Ensure realistic category 4 / 6 performance Achieve design confidence LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation CAT 6 Device DL: 300Mbps UL: 50 Mbps E7515A UXM Wireless Test Set Make a clear call © 2014 Agilent Technologies32 Join “Overcome LTE-A UE Design Test Challenges with Agilent’s New UXM” webcast here
  • 33. © 2014 Agilent Technologies33 Agilent Resources • LTE-Advanced application and product info: www.agilent.com/find/lteadvanced • T4000S LTE/LTE-A Conformance and DV Systems: www.agilent.com/find/t4000s • E7515A UXM Wireless Test Set: www.agilent.com/find/E7515A • 89600 VSA product information: www.agilent.com/find/vsa • X-Series signal analyzer product information: www.agilent.com/find/xseries • Signal Studio product information: www.agilent.com/find/signalstudio LTE-Advanced Documents • Application Note: http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5990-6706EN.pdf • Requirements TR 36.913: http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/36913.htm • Study Technical Report TR 36.912: http://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/36912.htm For more information…
  • 34. THANK YOU! © 2014 Agilent Technologies Questions and Answers