5 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION by Gulshan Athbhaiya.pptx

FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
By-
Gulshan Athbhaiya
Assistant Professor,
YBN University, Ranchi

Drawbacks of two-kingdom classification:
 Bacteria cannot be called plants, because they are prokaryotic organisms, and some of
them even possess flagella to help them move.
 Some single-celled organisms, such as Euglena cannot be exclusively called a plant or
animal; they have chloroplasts like plants, and a cell mouth to feed like animals.
 Fungi are also not plants as they neither have chlorophyll nor roots, stems or leaves.

This system was developed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969 and was based on
the work of the previous biologist, Carolus Linnaeus.

Monera
 Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, Mycoplasma and Archaea belong to this
kingdom.
 Unicellular and Prokaryotic
 These organisms are microscopic and occur everywhere
 They do not have a well-defined nucleus.
 There is no presence of membrane-bound organelles like
endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, mitochondria, or Golgi complex.
 Some organisms have a cell wall, while others do not.
 While there is no presence of cellulose, monera that have a cell wall,
it is usually of protein and polysaccharide compounds
 Some organisms classified under the Kingdom Monera are
heterotrophic, others are autotrophic
 Heterotrophic bacteria can be either a saprophyte or a parasite;
autotrophic bacteria can be photosynthetic or chemosynthetic.
 These organisms are known to reproduce by the asexual method of
binary fission.

Protista
 Protista are unicellular and eukaryotic.
 Sometimes multicellular organisms
 Autotrophs or heterotrophs
 Some organisms also have appendages that are also called
flagella or cilia.
 Opt for sexual and asexual modes of reproduction
 Sexual reproduction occurs by the process of fusion of cells,
and formation of a zygote
 Eg: Amoeba, Euglena, Diatoms, Paramoecium, and
Plasmodium.
 2 major groups: 1st
similar to animal cells- they do not have
cell walls,
 2nd
similar to plants, have cell walls and characteristics similar
to those of algae
 Do not have well-defined boundaries
 Aquatic organisms

Kingdom Fungi:
 Eukaryotic, Heterotrophic, multicellular organisms
 Feed on dead or decaying organic matter, hence they
depend on a saprophytic mode of nutrition
 They have a cell wall present in them, a substance made
up of chitin
 Unicellular – Yeast
 Multicellular – Mushrooms
 Reproduction – sexual and asexual methods of spore
formation
 Carbon is stored in fungi, not in the form of starch, but
in the form of oxygen.
 Eg: Mushrooms, yeast, aspergillus
 Fungi are incapable of locomotion

Kingdom Plantae:
 Plantae can be subdivided into :
 Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Pteridophyta, Thallophyta and
Bryophyta based on the absence or presence of specialised
vascular tissue and their various body structures.
 Eukaryotic and have chloroplasts
 Multicellular
 The cell wall is highly distinct and made up of cellulose
 Not motile
 Make their own food by conducting photosynthesis; hence,
they are called autotrophs.
 Some are heterotrophs
 Presence of photosynthetic pigment like chlorophyll and
plastids
 Store food in the form of starch
 Sexual and asexual forms of reproduction
 Eg: Flowering plants, conifers, roses and more

Division 1: Thallophyta
 Elementary plants with undifferentiated body parts.
 Generally called algae
 No vascular tissue present
 Reproduce through spores
 Mainly found in water
 Eg: Ulva, Spirogyra, Ulothrix, Cladophora, Chara
Division 2: Bryophyte
 Body structure differentiated but not fully developed
 No vascular tissue present
 Found on both land and water, known as Amphibians
of plantae kingdom
 Eg: liwerwort( Marchantia, Riccia), mosses( Funaria),
hornwort(dendrocerous)
Division 3: Pteridophyta
 Differentiated body structures – leaves, stems, roots
 Vascular tissue presents
 Eg: Marsiela, fern, horsetails

Division 4: Gymnosperms
 Differentiated body parts
 Vascular tissues
 Naked seeds without fruits of flowers
 Perennial, evergreen and woody
 Eg: Pinses( deodar), Cycus, Ginkgo

Division 5: Angiosperm
 Flower bearing plants
 Later on flower becomes fruit
 Seeds are inside the fruit
 Embryos in seeds have structure called
cotyledons.
 They are also called seed because in many
plants they emerge and become green when they
germinate

Kingdom Animalia:
 Porifera, Coelentrata, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordates
 Eukaryotic and Multicellular
 Do not have a prominent cell wall
 No presence of photosynthetic pigments
 Motile organisms
 Heterotrophs
 Sexual and asexual modes of reproduction
 Carbon is stored as fat and glycogen

Phylum 1 : Porifera
 Cellular level of organisation
 Non-motile animals
 Holes on the body which led to the canal system
for the circulation of water and food
 Hard outside layer called skeletons
 Eg: Sycon, Spongilla, Euplectella

Phylum 2: Coelenterata
 Tissue level of organisation
 No coelom
 Radial symmetry, Diplobalstic
 Hollow gut
 Can move from one place to another
 Eg: Hydra, sea anemone, jellyfish (solitary), corals(colonies)

Phylum 3: Platyhelminthes
 Also called faltworms
 No coelem present
 Bilateral symmetry, Triploblastic
 Free living or parasite
 Digestive cavity has one opening for both ingestion and egestion
 Eg: Planaria (free living), Liver fluke (parasitic)

Phylum 4: Nematodes
 False coelom
 Cylindrical
 Parasitic worms living inside the human body,
and can cause various diseases like Filarial worms
cause elephantiasis, Round worms, and Pin worms
live in the human intestine
 Eg: Ascaris, Wuchereria

Phylum 5: Mollusca
 Coelom present
 Bilateral symmetry, Triplobalstic
 Soft bodies covered with shell
 Generally not segmented
 No appendages present
 Muscular foot for movement
 Shell is present
 Kidney like organ for excretion
 Eg: Chiton, Octopus, pila, unio

Phylum 6: Annelida
 Second largest phylum
 Coelom present
 Bilateral, Triploblastic
 Segmented (segments specialised for different functions)
 Water or land
 Extensive organ differentiation
 Eg: Earthworm, leech, nereis

Phyllum 7: Arthropoda
 Largest phylum
 Known as insects
 Coelom present
 Bilateral, Triploblastic
 Segmented, sometimes fused
 Tough exoskeleton of chitin
 Joint appendages like feet, antenna
 Eg: Prawn, Scorpio, Cockroach, Housefly,
Butterfly, Spider

Phylum 8: Echinodermata
 Spiny skin, Marine
 No notochord
 Coelom present, bilateral symmetry, triplobastic
 Endoskeleton of Calcium carbonate
 Water vascular system for locomotion
 Bilateral symmetry before birth and radial symmetry after
birth
 Eg: Antedon, Sea cucumber, Star fish, Echinus

Phylum 9: Chordata
 Coelom present
 Notochord
 Gills present at some phase of life
 Dorsal nerve chord
 Post and tail present at some stage of life
 Eg: present in humans in embryonic stages
 Subdivided into two:
a) Prochordata
 Notochord at some stage of life
 Marine
 eg: Herdmania, Amphioxus
b) Vertebrata
 Notochord converted to vertebral column
 2,3,4 chambered heart
 Organs like kidney for excretion
 Pair appendages
 eg: humans( 4 chambered), frog( 3 chambered), fishes(2 chambered)

5 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION by Gulshan Athbhaiya.pptx

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to 5 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION by Gulshan Athbhaiya.pptx

More from Gulshan Athbhaiya

Recently uploaded

5 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION by Gulshan Athbhaiya.pptx