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6 psychological tricks that make learning stick power point
Sebastian Bailey is the president of Mind Gym Inc., an expert in using psychological tricks to increase learning retention. The document outlines six tricks: 1) Build belief in change by recognizing stages of change; 2) Create emotional arousal to boost memory; 3) Use stories over statistics to increase recall; 4) Write implementation intentions to improve follow-through; 5) Set specific missions to focus attention and prompt application; 6) Prime the mindset to shape behavior. Applying these tricks involves engaging learners, building value and relevance, distributing practice, and providing tools and accountability to transfer learning.
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6 psychological tricks that make learning stick power point
- 1. Sebastian Bailey, PhD President,Mind Gym Inc. @DrSebBailey #Mindgym Six psychological tricks that make learning stick
- 2. © Mind Gym Howdo you increase the quit rate of smokers? 01 2
- 3. © Mind Gym Oldhabit, new habit 3 01 Source: Prochaska, J. et al. (2001) A Transtheoretical Approach To Changing Organizations. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 28 (4), 247-261 Persisting Contemplating Preparing Acting Maintaining “I enjoy smoking.” “Maybe I should give up.” “I’m definitely going to quit, and I know how.” “I’ve quit, it’s hard, but I’ve quit.” “I’ve not smoked for more than 6 months.”
- 4. © Mind Gym Decisionin the balance 4 Pros Cons Source: Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J. C., & DiClemente, C. C. (1995). Changing for good. New York: Avon Books. 01 60 TScores PE C P A M Quitting smoking 50 40 52 51 45 52
- 5. © Mind Gym Decisionin the balance 5 60 50 40 TScores PE C P A M Quitting Smoking 60 50 40 TScores PE C P A M Using sunscreen 60 50 40 TScores PE C P A M Weight control 60 50 40 TScores PE C P A M Exercising Pros Cons Source: Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J. C., & DiClemente, C. C. (1995). Changing for good. New York: Avon Books. 01 At the Acting stage the pros outweigh the cons At the Persisting stage, the cons outweigh the pros
- 6. © Mind Gym Howto apply this trick 6 Think habit change as much as learning and recognize the stages of change Don’t rush people from persisting to acting and expect much change Encouraging belief in the value of change is as important as building the capability for change 01
- 7. © Mind Gym7 02 How do you get a group of know-it-all MBA graduates to do as they’re told?
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- 9. © Mind Gym Harnessingpositive stress 9 Strong Weak Performance Low High Arousal 02
- 10. © Mind Gym Haveyou had your shots? 10 02 Recommend only Recommend only 13 0 Fear Importance of shots Fear Intention to get shots Source: Leventhal, H., Singer, R., & Jones, S. (1965). Effects of fear and specificity of recommendation upon attitudes and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2(1), 20. 11.9 11.3 8.7 7.0
- 11. © Mind Gym Controlor Fear alone Have you had your shots? 11 3.3% 33% Fear & Explicit steps %ofpeopleseekingvaccinations 02 Source: Leventhal et al. (1965)
- 12. © Mind Gym12 How to apply this trick Schedule learning just before or after a challenging experience Sell the need – and the personal consequence of not developing Make the call to action, and the steps to solve the problem, clear and explicit 02
- 13. © Mind Gym13 03 How do you get people to donate more money to a charity?
- 14. © Mind Gym Savethe children 14 $1.43 $2.38 03 Source: Small, A. et al. (2007). Sympathy and Callousness: The Impact of Deliberative Thought on Donations to Identifiable and Statistical Victims. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.
- 15. © Mind Gym Statsvs. Stories 03 5 in 100 remembered a statistic63 in 100 remembered a story 15
- 16. © Mind Gym 7 6 5 4 3 Mean“accuracy”rating Whyrhyme is sublime 03 Source: McGlone, M. S., & Tofighbakhsh, J. (2000). Birds of a feather flock conjointly (?): Rhyme as reason in aphorisms. Psychological Science, 11(5), 424-428. Original (rhyme) Modified Woes unite foese.g. Woes unite enemies 16
- 17. © Mind Gym17 How to apply this trick Don’t just tell, use stories that sell Stats and number will cause slumber While rhyme and emotion will win devotion 03
- 18. © Mind Gym18 04 How do you get job seekers to improve their resume?
- 19. © Mind Gym Whereand when matters Group 1 Group 2 Think in advance about where, when and how they were going to get started with the task of improving their resume (implementation intention) Were asked to commit to completing it (goal intention) Results: 80% of participants who considered where, when and how they would update their resume did so 20% of participants who committed to updating their resume did so Only 04 19Source: Oettingen, Gabriele, Gaby Hönig, and Peter M. Gollwitzer. "Effective self-regulation of goal attainment." International Journal of Educational Research33.7 (2000): 705-732.
- 20. © Mind Gym Whereand when matters Group 1 Group 2 The intention to perform a certain action at a given time and place e.g. I will do as many math puzzles as possible each Wednesday at 9am Adding an "if-then" plan (" ... and if situation x arises, I will perform behavior y") to goal intentions e.g. If it is Wednesday at 9am, I will do as many math puzzles as possible. 8 hrs Participants deviated from their desired time by an average of: 1½ hrs Participants deviated from their desired time by an average of: 04 Results: 20Source: Oettingen, Gabriele, Gaby Hönig, and Peter M. Gollwitzer. "Effective self-regulation of goal attainment." International Journal of Educational Research33.7 (2000): 705-732.
- 21. © Mind Gym Andcreate social support 21 03 But don’t kid yourself that sharing the goal is progress This creates a feeling of accountability
- 22. © Mind Gym22 How to apply this trick Use implementation intentions to drive transfer Use if… then… statements Get people to tell others about their commitment 04
- 23. © Mind Gym23 05 How do you get drivers to notice bicyclists?
- 24. © Mind Gym Testyour awareness 24 05
- 25. © Mind Gym Gettingto the ‘right’ solution No hint 100% 0% %suggestingthe‘right’solution Hint 05 20% Failure in opportunity recognition Source: Gick & Holyoak (1980) 92% 25
- 26. © Mind Gym26 How to apply this trick Use cues and prompts in the real world to focus attention Set specific ‘missions’ built into the workflow Develop the participants’ mindfulness as part of the experience 05
- 27. © Mind Gym27 06 What makes a psychology professor behave like a soccer hooligan?
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- 29. © Mind Gym Primedbehavior 29 06 Professors AssistantsNo prime Source: Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998), Journal of Personality and Social Phycology, Vol. 74, No. 4, 865-877
- 30. © Mind Gym Primingin practice 30 Now listen to this: Did you understand anything? ‘It's fun to smoke marijuana. It's fun to smoke marijuana. It's fun to smoke marijuana. It's fun to smoke marijuana.’ Listen to this clip:
- 31. © Mind Gym31 How to apply this trick Use priming to increase the participants’ view of themselves as great learners Develop tools to support participants in their problem solving Prompt participants to adopt the right ‘thinking frame’ for the problem at hand 06
- 32. © Mind Gym Sixtricks that make learning stick Build belief in the early stages of change Create emotional arousal Use stories over facts Use written, shared, implementation intentions Set specific ‘missions’ built into the workflow Prime the right mindset by providing tools 32 01 02 03 04 05 06
- 33. © Mind Gym Toolkitfor coach (ideally manager) increases social support and accountability. Instructor led session with a strong focus on solving a real world problem. Shares general principles (supporting far transfer) and allows for practice. Why the bite size methodology makes learning stick 33 Engagement campaign that creates interest, anxiety and perceived relevance. Diagnostic that increases perceived value to the individual. Creates optimal arousal. Distributed practice (i.e. distributing experiences) increases performance by 17%. Mission: Application task built into the participants workflow. Solves issues of opportunity recognition and time to apply. Pledge: Very specific focus on transfer, using relapse prevention techniques, like implementation intentions, and social pressure. Booster: After-action review, where participants share stories of success, failure and learning from transfer attempts. Increases feeling of accountability and resilience. Participant toolkit acts as ‘scaffolding’ for the learning. It primes the right mindset and prompts transfer. Toolkit
- 34. 1 million Participants 1,200 Companies 250 Coaches 30 Languages 40 Countries 2013 Learning Company ofthe Year New York London Dubai Singapore Sebastian Bailey, PhD President, Mind Gym Inc. @DrSebBailey #Mindgym