Utilitarianism
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The document discusses utilitarianism as a teleological ethical theory. Utilitarianism focuses only on the consequences of actions and judges actions based on whether they maximize pleasure or happiness. There are two main types: act utilitarianism introduced by Jeremy Bentham, which judges each act individually based on its consequences, and rule utilitarianism, which judges acts based on whether they follow rules that maximize utility if universally followed. John Stuart Mill was a major contributor who argued that utilitarianism is based on the principle that pleasure is good and pain is bad, and the goal of morality is to maximize the happiness of the greatest number of people.
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Utilitarianism
- 2. Utilitarianism: Teleological Ethical Theory Belief of rightness and wrongness Always concerned with the consequence of an action Focus only on conclusion of any action Based on two moral question: “What is Good” and “What is Bad”
- 3. 1. • Act Utilitarianism(Extreme Utilitarianism) 2. • Rule Utilitarianism(Restrictive Utilitarianism) 3. • Preference
- 4. Also Known as act utilitarianism Introduced by Jeremy Bentham Contributed by John Stuart Mill Observation: Things and Action= Pleasure or Pain Pleasure is good, Pain is Bad Judgment of utility= Is it Maximize Pleasure? An action should lead to the Happiness of maximum number of people Theory of pleasure is build into nature’s law
- 5. Father of Classical Utilitarianism Rejected morality based on divine authority Every human should prefer pleasure not pain Fundamental Theory: Needs no Evidence Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign master, “Pain” and “Pleasure”
- 6. • Te principle of utility has a universal application1 • Every human being counts and all are equal2 • Sentient animal are equally under the same low of pain and pleasure3
- 7. ** Also known as Felicific calculus **Short called “P.R.I.C.E.D. F.” 1. Purity of sensation 2. Remoteness or nearness of the sensation 3. Intensity of the sensation 4. Certainty of the sensation 5. Extent of the sensation 6. Duration of the sensation 7. Fecundity of the sensation