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6.5 rise of jim crow and segregation
- 1. 6.5The Rise ofthe Jim Crow South
- 2. After the CivilWar…Most African Americans are sharecroppers…Basically another form of slavery…Poor whites were beginning to take out their frustrations on blacks
- 3. White Feelings inthe South toward Blacks:They hated black suffrage
- 4. Life should havebeen better…15th amendment gave blacks the right to voteWhites found ways to intimidate blacks to keep them from voting1866—KKK is formed Most white men in the south were VERY POOR. While economically equal to the black, prejudice helped them to feel more powerful.
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- 6. The Colfax Massacre-- Easter, April 1873, a group of whites had been harassing a group of blacksA large number of blacks gather at the towns court houseWhites surround the court house—many were former Civil War soldiers, were armed…even had a cannonAttacked and blacks went into hideCaught a black man and told him to light the building on fire or they would shoot himHe lit it and then they shot himPeople ran out and were executed…others burned alive150 died
- 9. 1875 – CivilRights ActLast-ditch effort by the Republicans to continue Reconstruction.It granted freedom of access to all public facilities regardless of race.
- 10. Election of 1876Rutherford becomes presidentReconstruction endsUnion troops leave blacks in the hands of the white people with the money and the power
- 11. For blacks: “Oh crap.”Violence and prejudice is about to get worse.Should we stay or go?
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- 18. TAKING AWAY THERIGHT TO VOTE15th Amendment said that no one could be denied a vote based on race…LOOPHOLESouthern states designed requirements for voting that didn’t mention race, but targeted blacksPoll tax –citizens had to pay to voteLiteracy test – had to show competency of the state’s constitutionGrandfather clause – said that if your grandfather had voted then you were exempt from the poll tax and literacy test
- 19. Jim Crow LawsJimCrow laws – forced racial segregation in the South
- 20. Segregation – theseparation of races
- 21. Segregation in thebegan as customs, but ending up as laws
- 22. Named after “JimCrow” dance"Weel about and turn about and do jis so,Eb'ry time I weel about I jump Jim Crow."
- 23. Some Facilities thatWere Separate:Schools
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- 31. Bibles to swearon in trialsAt the bus station, Durham, North Carolina, 1940.
- 32. Greyhound bus terminal,Memphis, Tennessee. 1943.
- 33. A rest stopfor bus passengers on the way from Louisville, Kentucky to Nashville, Tennessee, with separate entrance for Blacks. 1943.
- 34. A sign atbus station, Rome, Georgia. 1943.
- 35. A highway signadvertising tourist cabins for Blacks, South Carolina. 1939.
- 36. Cafe, Durham, NorthCarolina. 1939.
- 37. Drinking fountain onthe courthouse lawn, Halifax, North Carolina. 1938.
- 38. Movie theater’s "Colored"entrance, Belzoni, Mississippi. 1939.
- 39. The Rex theaterfor colored people, Leland, Mississippi. June 1937.
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- 41. Water cooler inthe street car terminal, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 1939.
- 42. Sign above movietheater, Waco, Texas. 1939.
- 43. Beale Street, Memphis,Tennessee. 1939.
- 45. 2 Ways JimCrow Laws Were Supported:TERRORISM
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- 47. Homer Plessy30 yearold shoe maker1/8th black, 7/8th whiteUnder Louisiana law had to sit in the “black” section of the railroad carRefused and was jailedLouisiana courts upheld decisionsGoes to the Supreme Court
- 48. Plessy v. FergusonEstablishes“separate but equal” is equalSeparate but equal is NEVER equal. This legalized the systematic prejudice of blacks through poor education, medical services, etc.
- 49. African American ResponseIdaB. Wells - was from Tennessee. She fought against lynching.Lynching – hangings without proper court procedures She wrote articles for papersWent on speaking tours to EuropeEventually she was run out of Memphis and had to live in Chicago
- 50. African American ResponseBookerT. Washington was an educator who started the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.Delivered the “Atlanta Compromise Speech”This college focused on the many things including inventions made from the peanutDidn’t argue for political rights…instead urge blacks to get an education—this was very controversial in the south
- 51. The CompromiseOn theone hand, Washington warned white America of the consequences of ignoring racial abuse or "efforts to curtail the fullest growth of the Negro." He said that "we shall constitute one third of the ignorance and crime of the south or one-third of its intelligence and progress. One-third to the business and prosperity...or we shall prove a veritable body of death, stagnating, depressing, retarding every effort to advance the body politic." However, Washington also argued that "The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly, and that progress in the enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing."
- 52. Cabin that BookerT. Washington was born into slavery
- 53. 1st Three Buildingsof the Tuskegee Institute
- 54. Booker T. ona speaking tour in Tennessee.
- 55. His famous book:“UpFrom Slavery”
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- 57. W. E. B.Du Bois was the founder of the NAACPHe clashed with Booker T. WashingtonWanted more political representation for blacks to ensure civil rightsWanted an elite rich, powerful, and intellectual black class to strive to help other blacks1st African American to earn a PhD from Harvardstart the NAACP which will be discussed in Chapter 8.