A SURVEY ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLUSTERING BASED ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
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The document surveys various cluster-based routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), highlighting their importance in improving energy efficiency and extending network lifetime. It discusses protocols such as LEACH, EEHC, HEED, TEEN, APTEEN, and EEICCP, detailing their advantages and disadvantages. The main objective of these protocols is to enhance energy management without compromising data delivery.
![Journal for Research | Volume 02 | Issue 09 | November 2016
ISSN: 2395-7549
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 13
A Survey on Different Types of Clustering Based
Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Sissy Annamma Johnson Josmy George
PG Scholar Assistant Professor
Department of Computer science and Engineering Department of Computer science and Engineering
MBC College of Engineering and Technology Peermade,
Kerala, India
MBC College of Engineering and Technology Peermade,
Kerala, India
Abstract
In most of today’s application the wireless sensor network (WSN) play an important role.WSN is an autonomous system to
monitor physical and environmental conditions. It can sense and compute the information or data or message that transmitted
through it. Important design issue of the Wireless sensor networks energy consumption and lifetime of the network. The design
of different routing protocol is another important design issue in WSN. There are mainly broad types of routing protocols in
wireless sensor networks. This paper mainly deals with different types of cluster based routing protocols in WSN. Clustering
algorithms are mainly defined to reduce the energy consumption and improves the life time of the network.
Keywords: Clusters, Cluster Head, Energy Efficiency, Routing Algorithms, Sensor nodes, Wireless sensor networks
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a self-configured and infrastructure-less wireless networks. It is also called wireless sensor
and actuator networks (WSAN) [1][18], to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure,
etc [2]. WSNs are special networks that sense and compute the data or information that is transmitted between the networks. [20]
The major design issues [3] of the WSN are energy consumption and life time of the network. Design of routing protocols is also
an important challenge in wireless sensor networks.
The specific choice of routes is provided by the routing algorithm [4] [19]. Essentially routing protocols determines how the
different routers between the source and sink in a network are communicated [5] [21]. The design of a routing protocol must
ensures the energy and resource limitation , large life time, less packet loss, and delay, dynamic adaptability of networks.
Clustering is one of the best methods used in wireless sensor networks to achieve better energy efficiency and longer life time.
Based on clustering algorithm the network is divided into different clusters. In each cluster there is special or a root node called
cluster head and the remaining nodes are the members of the cluster. The clustering protocol performs mainly two types of
operations:
Intra-cluster communication – Communication between different clusters
Inter-cluster communication – Communication within a cluster
The Following Section Briefly Discuss About [22][23]Different Types Of Cluster Based Routing Protocols Such As LEACH,
EEHC, HEED, TEEN, APTEEN, EEICCP And Also Merits And Demerits Of Them Clearly.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Leach – Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy:
The first and significant hierarchical routing protocol which provide the data fusion is the LEACH protocol [7]. It is a round
based protocol and is self adaptive and self organized. Each is organized as two phases: Setup phase and Steady state phase.
The setup phase is smaller than the steady state phase [8] [9]. The setup stage is important than steady state phase, because in
which the sensor nodes itself randomly elect as the cluster heads and form the network ass different clusters then these cluster
head schedule a TDMA schedule for its cluster member nodes.
Advantages:
The various advantages of LEACH protocol are [8][9]:
Improves the lifetime
Balance the energy consumption
Reduce the traffic in the network
Does not require a co-ordinator or central node
Location information of nodes to create the cluster is do not require
It does not require any global knowledge of the network and is completely distributed](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/j4rv2i9008-170316132927/85/A-SURVEY-ON-DIFFERENT-TYPES-OF-CLUSTERING-BASED-ROUTING-PROTOCOLS-IN-WIRELESS-SENSOR-NETWORKS-1-320.jpg)
![A Survey on Different Types of Clustering Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 09 / 003)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 14
It successfully distributes the energy load to all the sensor nodes
Disadvantages:
The main drawbacks of the LEACH are [10]:
Does not know the number of cluster heads in the entire network
The cluster become headless or useless if the cluster head is die due to any reason
Uneven distribution of clusters
B. EEHC – Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks:
EEHC is a fast distributed randomized clustering algorithm [11], for dividing a network into different hierarchical clusters to
achieve better energy efficiency. In this the cluster head is known as a volunteer cluster heads.
Here in which there are ‘h’ hierarchical levels with level1 is the lowest level and level ‘h’ is the highest level. In the clusters
the sensors communicate its gathered data to level1 cluster heads (CH’s) and level1 CH’s communicate it level2 CH’s and so on.
At last level h aggregate the overall data from all its lower levels and transmit it to the processing centre.
Advantages:
Minimize the energy
Algorithm is suitable for networks of large n of number nodes
Disadvantage:
Only consider the contention free and error free environment
C. Heed – Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Clustering Protocol:
HEED is a hybrid approach it is developed as a distributed, energy efficient clustering approach for ad-hoc networks [12]. An
important feature of HEED protocol is it exploits the availability of multiple transmission power levels at sensor nodes.
The HEED terminates in a constant number of iterations that is independent of networks diameter. It only assumes the sensor
nodes can control there transmission power level and not consider the distribution of nodes or about node capabilities.
Advantages:
Prolongs network life time
Clusters that exhibit several appealing characteristics
Scalable data aggregation
Fault tolerance
Load balancing
Disadvantage:
Support only two level hierarchy
D. TEEN – Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol:
TEEN is a first protocol developed for re-active networks. It is a data centric method. In which [13] at every cluster change, the
cluster head broadcast to its members in addition to the attributes are, Hard threshold (HT) Soft threshold (ST). Each time node
[14], sense there environment continuously. By this the sensed values are stored in an internal variable in a node called sensed
value (sv). Then the node sends the data only when one of the following conditions is satisfied:
1) The current value of the sensed attribute is larger than HT.
2) The current value of the sensed attribute differs from sv by an amount equal to greater than the ST.
Advantages:
Eminently suited for time critical data sensing applications
Less energy consumption
Time critical data reaches the user almost instantaneously
Depending on the criticality of the sensed attribute and the target application the soft threshold can be varied
Smaller value of the soft threshold gives a good picture of network
Disadvantage:
The nodes will not communicate if the threshold are not reached
E. APTEEN – Adaptive Periodic Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol:
APTEEN is the improved version of TEEN protocol [] developed to hybrid networks. It can enable both reactive and proactive
networks. The main purpose of extending TEEN to APTEEN is network to handle different types of queries and analyze the
delays that occur during process them [15].
APTEEN mainly supports 3 types of queries depends on the type of data [15]. They are,
Historic query: To analyze past data value
One time query: To view the whole network](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/j4rv2i9008-170316132927/85/A-SURVEY-ON-DIFFERENT-TYPES-OF-CLUSTERING-BASED-ROUTING-PROTOCOLS-IN-WIRELESS-SENSOR-NETWORKS-2-320.jpg)
![A Survey on Different Types of Clustering Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 09 / 003)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 15
Persistent query: To monitor an event for a period of time [1]
It uses an enhanced TDMA schedule to efficiently incorporate query handling with a querying mechanism for heavy loads. It
has an additional flexibility feature that can query the network through any node in the network.
Advantages:
Improves the life time of the network
Guarantees energy efficiency and large number of sensor alive
F. Eeiccp – Energy Efficient Inter- Cluster Coordination Protocol:
EEICCP is a clustering routing protocol [main] use the multi hop approach for the cluster heads and evenly distribute distributes
the energy or power load between the sensor nodes in the network. It uses homogeneous type of nodes.
The protocol [16] mainly depends on the idea that the cluster head can may send data directly to the base station that means
single hop or it can send by multi hop. But in single hop, it takes lots of energy. It mainly deals with multi hop. The protocol
mainly [17] consist two phases:
1) Election phase
2) Transmission phase
Election phase is the start phase in which the clusters are formed by different layers and each cluster have a different cluster
heads and there is only one cluster coordinator (CCO) for each lower cluster. In which the number of clusters is fixed. Thus each
CH’s elected the cluster coordinator and cluster ids are assigned to cluster heads and cluster coordinator. This id is transmitted as
an advertisement message between the nodes.
In the transmission the data or information’s are collected by each cluster head from the corresponding cluster. Then, in next
iteration these data are passed to the base station through the cluster coordinator and the coordinators id’s is used to set the path
of the transmission.
Advantages:
The main merits of EEICCP are [16]:
High energy efficiency
Distribute energy loads among sensor nodes
Disadvantages:
Medium cluster stability
Limited scalability
If the number of nodes is increased, it will increase the size of cluster, it will also increase the power consumption of CCO.
III. CONCLUSION
Another important research of wireless sensor network is design of routing algorithms. This survey provide a comparative study
of different types of cluster based routing protocols in wireless sensor networks such as LEACH, HEED, TEEN, APTEEN,
EEHC, EEICCP. All of them same goal such that trying to extend the lifetime of network in an energy efficient way without
affecting the data or message delivery. Also it will discuss the important merits and demerits of each protocol separating.
REFERENCES
[1] Jamal N. A-Karaki Ahmed E. Kamal “Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey “Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011.
[2] Xuxun Liu, “A Survey on Clustering Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks” , Sensors 2012, pp. 1113-11153.
[3] Jamal N. Al-Karaki Ahmed E. Kamal, “Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011.
[4] Manal Abdullah, Aisha Ehsan, Quest Journals,” Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Classifications and Challenges”, Journal of Electronics
and Communication Engineering Research Volume 2 , Issue 2 (2014) pp: 05-15.
[5] W.R.Heinzelman, A.Chandrakasan, and H.Balakrishnan, “Energy efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Micro sensor Networks”, in IEEE
Computer Society Proceedings of the Thirty Third Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS '00), Washington, DC, USA, Jan. 2000,
vol. 8, pp. 8020.
[6] Vivek pandiya raj, B.Gunasundari , S.Athinarayanan “Clustering Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey “International Journal
of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153.
[7] Lalita Yadav1, Ch. Sunitha2 “Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy in Wireless Sensor Network (LEACH)” International Journal of Computer
Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (3), 2014, 4661-4664.
[8] Ashish Christian, Dr. Himanshu Soni “Lifetime Prolonging in LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Conference for Intelligent
systems and signal processing (ISSP), IEEE 2013, pp 350-355
[9] Reenkamal Kaur Gill1, Priya Chawla2 and Monika Sachdeva “Study of LEACH Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, International
Conference on Communication, Computing & Systems (ICCCS–2014).
[10] Mr. Rajesh Halke, Mrs. Kulkarni “LEACH Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Network” International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2099-2102 2099
[11] S. Bandyopadhyay, E. Coyle, “An energy efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks”, in: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual
Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM 2003), San Francisco, California, April 2003.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/j4rv2i9008-170316132927/85/A-SURVEY-ON-DIFFERENT-TYPES-OF-CLUSTERING-BASED-ROUTING-PROTOCOLS-IN-WIRELESS-SENSOR-NETWORKS-3-320.jpg)
![A Survey on Different Types of Clustering Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
(J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 09 / 003)
All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 16
[12] Younis and S. Fahmy, “HEED: A Hybrid , Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad-hoc Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile
Computing, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 366–379, 2004.
[13] A Manjeshwar and D. P. Agrawal, “TEEN: A Routing Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks” in Proc. of 15th International
Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, pp. 2009–2015.
[14] Jigisha Parmar, Ashishgoud Pirishothm “ Study of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Leach,Teen and Apteen Routing Protocols “International Journal of
Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2015.
[15] A. Manjeshwar and D. P. Agrawal, "APTEEN: A Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Routing and Comprehensive Information Retrieval in Wireless Sensor
Networks", in the Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile
computing, San Francisco CA, April 2001, pp. 2009-1015.
[16] Shalli Rani1, Jyoteesh Malhotra, Rajneesh Talwar “EEICCP—Energy Efficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks” Wireless Sensor Network, 2013, 5,
127-136 .
[17] Shalli Rani1, Jyoteesh Malhotra, Rajneesh Talwar,‖ EEICCP—Energy Efficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks ―proceeding scires Wireless
Sensor Network, 2013, 5, 127-136.
[18] Monika Raghaate and Prof. Dipak W. Wajg “an energy saving algorithm to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor network” International Journal of
Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 6, No. 5, October 2014.
[19] Shraddha Fulkar, Dr. A.Mahajan , Deepak Kapgate,” A Review on Energy Efficient Resource Allocation in Wireless Sensor Network” International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 4(2), February - 2014, pp. 561-565.
[20] Mohd Waes Siddiqui, Vandana Dubey “Application of Alternate Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols for Heterogeneous Networks “ International Journal
of Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 7(3),392-39.
[21] Agam Gupta, Anand Nayyar “A Comprehensive Review of Cluster-Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks”, International
Journal of Research in Computer and Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014.
[22] Heinzelman W. B., Chandrakasan A. P., Balakrishnan H., “An applicationspecific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks”, IEEE Trans on
Wireless Communications”, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2002, pp. 660-670, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2002.804190.
[23] Shio Kumar Singh , M P Singh, D K Singh, “A Survey of Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks”, Int. J. of
Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 02, Issue: 02, 2010, pp. 570-580.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/j4rv2i9008-170316132927/85/A-SURVEY-ON-DIFFERENT-TYPES-OF-CLUSTERING-BASED-ROUTING-PROTOCOLS-IN-WIRELESS-SENSOR-NETWORKS-4-320.jpg)
A SURVEY ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF CLUSTERING BASED ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
- 1. Journal for Research | Volume 02 | Issue 09 | November 2016 ISSN: 2395-7549 All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 13 A Survey on Different Types of Clustering Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks Sissy Annamma Johnson Josmy George PG Scholar Assistant Professor Department of Computer science and Engineering Department of Computer science and Engineering MBC College of Engineering and Technology Peermade, Kerala, India MBC College of Engineering and Technology Peermade, Kerala, India Abstract In most of today’s application the wireless sensor network (WSN) play an important role.WSN is an autonomous system to monitor physical and environmental conditions. It can sense and compute the information or data or message that transmitted through it. Important design issue of the Wireless sensor networks energy consumption and lifetime of the network. The design of different routing protocol is another important design issue in WSN. There are mainly broad types of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. This paper mainly deals with different types of cluster based routing protocols in WSN. Clustering algorithms are mainly defined to reduce the energy consumption and improves the life time of the network. Keywords: Clusters, Cluster Head, Energy Efficiency, Routing Algorithms, Sensor nodes, Wireless sensor networks _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I. INTRODUCTION Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is a self-configured and infrastructure-less wireless networks. It is also called wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN) [1][18], to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc [2]. WSNs are special networks that sense and compute the data or information that is transmitted between the networks. [20] The major design issues [3] of the WSN are energy consumption and life time of the network. Design of routing protocols is also an important challenge in wireless sensor networks. The specific choice of routes is provided by the routing algorithm [4] [19]. Essentially routing protocols determines how the different routers between the source and sink in a network are communicated [5] [21]. The design of a routing protocol must ensures the energy and resource limitation , large life time, less packet loss, and delay, dynamic adaptability of networks. Clustering is one of the best methods used in wireless sensor networks to achieve better energy efficiency and longer life time. Based on clustering algorithm the network is divided into different clusters. In each cluster there is special or a root node called cluster head and the remaining nodes are the members of the cluster. The clustering protocol performs mainly two types of operations: Intra-cluster communication – Communication between different clusters Inter-cluster communication – Communication within a cluster The Following Section Briefly Discuss About [22][23]Different Types Of Cluster Based Routing Protocols Such As LEACH, EEHC, HEED, TEEN, APTEEN, EEICCP And Also Merits And Demerits Of Them Clearly. II. LITERATURE REVIEW A. Leach – Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy: The first and significant hierarchical routing protocol which provide the data fusion is the LEACH protocol [7]. It is a round based protocol and is self adaptive and self organized. Each is organized as two phases: Setup phase and Steady state phase. The setup phase is smaller than the steady state phase [8] [9]. The setup stage is important than steady state phase, because in which the sensor nodes itself randomly elect as the cluster heads and form the network ass different clusters then these cluster head schedule a TDMA schedule for its cluster member nodes. Advantages: The various advantages of LEACH protocol are [8][9]: Improves the lifetime Balance the energy consumption Reduce the traffic in the network Does not require a co-ordinator or central node Location information of nodes to create the cluster is do not require It does not require any global knowledge of the network and is completely distributed
- 2. A Survey on Different Types of Clustering Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 09 / 003) All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 14 It successfully distributes the energy load to all the sensor nodes Disadvantages: The main drawbacks of the LEACH are [10]: Does not know the number of cluster heads in the entire network The cluster become headless or useless if the cluster head is die due to any reason Uneven distribution of clusters B. EEHC – Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks: EEHC is a fast distributed randomized clustering algorithm [11], for dividing a network into different hierarchical clusters to achieve better energy efficiency. In this the cluster head is known as a volunteer cluster heads. Here in which there are ‘h’ hierarchical levels with level1 is the lowest level and level ‘h’ is the highest level. In the clusters the sensors communicate its gathered data to level1 cluster heads (CH’s) and level1 CH’s communicate it level2 CH’s and so on. At last level h aggregate the overall data from all its lower levels and transmit it to the processing centre. Advantages: Minimize the energy Algorithm is suitable for networks of large n of number nodes Disadvantage: Only consider the contention free and error free environment C. Heed – Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed Clustering Protocol: HEED is a hybrid approach it is developed as a distributed, energy efficient clustering approach for ad-hoc networks [12]. An important feature of HEED protocol is it exploits the availability of multiple transmission power levels at sensor nodes. The HEED terminates in a constant number of iterations that is independent of networks diameter. It only assumes the sensor nodes can control there transmission power level and not consider the distribution of nodes or about node capabilities. Advantages: Prolongs network life time Clusters that exhibit several appealing characteristics Scalable data aggregation Fault tolerance Load balancing Disadvantage: Support only two level hierarchy D. TEEN – Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol: TEEN is a first protocol developed for re-active networks. It is a data centric method. In which [13] at every cluster change, the cluster head broadcast to its members in addition to the attributes are, Hard threshold (HT) Soft threshold (ST). Each time node [14], sense there environment continuously. By this the sensed values are stored in an internal variable in a node called sensed value (sv). Then the node sends the data only when one of the following conditions is satisfied: 1) The current value of the sensed attribute is larger than HT. 2) The current value of the sensed attribute differs from sv by an amount equal to greater than the ST. Advantages: Eminently suited for time critical data sensing applications Less energy consumption Time critical data reaches the user almost instantaneously Depending on the criticality of the sensed attribute and the target application the soft threshold can be varied Smaller value of the soft threshold gives a good picture of network Disadvantage: The nodes will not communicate if the threshold are not reached E. APTEEN – Adaptive Periodic Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol: APTEEN is the improved version of TEEN protocol [] developed to hybrid networks. It can enable both reactive and proactive networks. The main purpose of extending TEEN to APTEEN is network to handle different types of queries and analyze the delays that occur during process them [15]. APTEEN mainly supports 3 types of queries depends on the type of data [15]. They are, Historic query: To analyze past data value One time query: To view the whole network
- 3. A Survey on Different Types of Clustering Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 09 / 003) All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 15 Persistent query: To monitor an event for a period of time [1] It uses an enhanced TDMA schedule to efficiently incorporate query handling with a querying mechanism for heavy loads. It has an additional flexibility feature that can query the network through any node in the network. Advantages: Improves the life time of the network Guarantees energy efficiency and large number of sensor alive F. Eeiccp – Energy Efficient Inter- Cluster Coordination Protocol: EEICCP is a clustering routing protocol [main] use the multi hop approach for the cluster heads and evenly distribute distributes the energy or power load between the sensor nodes in the network. It uses homogeneous type of nodes. The protocol [16] mainly depends on the idea that the cluster head can may send data directly to the base station that means single hop or it can send by multi hop. But in single hop, it takes lots of energy. It mainly deals with multi hop. The protocol mainly [17] consist two phases: 1) Election phase 2) Transmission phase Election phase is the start phase in which the clusters are formed by different layers and each cluster have a different cluster heads and there is only one cluster coordinator (CCO) for each lower cluster. In which the number of clusters is fixed. Thus each CH’s elected the cluster coordinator and cluster ids are assigned to cluster heads and cluster coordinator. This id is transmitted as an advertisement message between the nodes. In the transmission the data or information’s are collected by each cluster head from the corresponding cluster. Then, in next iteration these data are passed to the base station through the cluster coordinator and the coordinators id’s is used to set the path of the transmission. Advantages: The main merits of EEICCP are [16]: High energy efficiency Distribute energy loads among sensor nodes Disadvantages: Medium cluster stability Limited scalability If the number of nodes is increased, it will increase the size of cluster, it will also increase the power consumption of CCO. III. CONCLUSION Another important research of wireless sensor network is design of routing algorithms. This survey provide a comparative study of different types of cluster based routing protocols in wireless sensor networks such as LEACH, HEED, TEEN, APTEEN, EEHC, EEICCP. All of them same goal such that trying to extend the lifetime of network in an energy efficient way without affecting the data or message delivery. Also it will discuss the important merits and demerits of each protocol separating. REFERENCES [1] Jamal N. A-Karaki Ahmed E. Kamal “Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey “Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011. [2] Xuxun Liu, “A Survey on Clustering Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks” , Sensors 2012, pp. 1113-11153. [3] Jamal N. Al-Karaki Ahmed E. Kamal, “Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey”, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011. [4] Manal Abdullah, Aisha Ehsan, Quest Journals,” Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Classifications and Challenges”, Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Research Volume 2 , Issue 2 (2014) pp: 05-15. [5] W.R.Heinzelman, A.Chandrakasan, and H.Balakrishnan, “Energy efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Micro sensor Networks”, in IEEE Computer Society Proceedings of the Thirty Third Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS '00), Washington, DC, USA, Jan. 2000, vol. 8, pp. 8020. [6] Vivek pandiya raj, B.Gunasundari , S.Athinarayanan “Clustering Based Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey “International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2014 1 ISSN 2250-3153. [7] Lalita Yadav1, Ch. Sunitha2 “Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy in Wireless Sensor Network (LEACH)” International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (3), 2014, 4661-4664. [8] Ashish Christian, Dr. Himanshu Soni “Lifetime Prolonging in LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Conference for Intelligent systems and signal processing (ISSP), IEEE 2013, pp 350-355 [9] Reenkamal Kaur Gill1, Priya Chawla2 and Monika Sachdeva “Study of LEACH Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Conference on Communication, Computing & Systems (ICCCS–2014). [10] Mr. Rajesh Halke, Mrs. Kulkarni “LEACH Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Network” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.2099-2102 2099 [11] S. Bandyopadhyay, E. Coyle, “An energy efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks”, in: Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM 2003), San Francisco, California, April 2003.
- 4. A Survey on Different Types of Clustering Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (J4R/ Volume 02 / Issue 09 / 003) All rights reserved by www.journalforresearch.org 16 [12] Younis and S. Fahmy, “HEED: A Hybrid , Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad-hoc Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 366–379, 2004. [13] A Manjeshwar and D. P. Agrawal, “TEEN: A Routing Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks” in Proc. of 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, pp. 2009–2015. [14] Jigisha Parmar, Ashishgoud Pirishothm “ Study of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Leach,Teen and Apteen Routing Protocols “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2015. [15] A. Manjeshwar and D. P. Agrawal, "APTEEN: A Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Routing and Comprehensive Information Retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks", in the Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Computing Issues in Wireless Networks and Mobile computing, San Francisco CA, April 2001, pp. 2009-1015. [16] Shalli Rani1, Jyoteesh Malhotra, Rajneesh Talwar “EEICCP—Energy Efficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks” Wireless Sensor Network, 2013, 5, 127-136 . [17] Shalli Rani1, Jyoteesh Malhotra, Rajneesh Talwar,‖ EEICCP—Energy Efficient Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks ―proceeding scires Wireless Sensor Network, 2013, 5, 127-136. [18] Monika Raghaate and Prof. Dipak W. Wajg “an energy saving algorithm to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor network” International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN) Vol. 6, No. 5, October 2014. [19] Shraddha Fulkar, Dr. A.Mahajan , Deepak Kapgate,” A Review on Energy Efficient Resource Allocation in Wireless Sensor Network” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 4(2), February - 2014, pp. 561-565. [20] Mohd Waes Siddiqui, Vandana Dubey “Application of Alternate Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols for Heterogeneous Networks “ International Journal of Computer Technology & Applications,Vol 7(3),392-39. [21] Agam Gupta, Anand Nayyar “A Comprehensive Review of Cluster-Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks”, International Journal of Research in Computer and Communication Technology, Vol 3, Issue 1, January- 2014. [22] Heinzelman W. B., Chandrakasan A. P., Balakrishnan H., “An applicationspecific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks”, IEEE Trans on Wireless Communications”, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2002, pp. 660-670, doi: 10.1109/TWC.2002.804190. [23] Shio Kumar Singh , M P Singh, D K Singh, “A Survey of Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Cluster-Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks”, Int. J. of Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 02, Issue: 02, 2010, pp. 570-580.