A Survey on Energy Efficient and Key Based Approach for Data Aggregation in WSN

International Conference on Information Engineering, Management and Security 2016 (ICIEMS 2016) 47
Cite this article as: S Mohanraj, N Suganya, V Priyadharshini, K Hemalatha. “A Survey on Energy Efficient and Key
Based Approach for Data Aggregation in WSN”. International Conference on Information Engineering, Management
and Security 2016: 47-50. Print.
International Conference on Information Engineering, Management and Security 2016 [ICIEMS]
ISBN 978-81-929866-4-7 VOL 01
Website iciems.in eMail iciems@asdf.res.in
Received 02 – February – 2016 Accepted 15 - February – 2016
Article ID ICIEMS010 eAID ICIEMS.2016.010
A Survey on Energy Efficient and Key Based Approach
for Data Aggregation in WSN
S Mohanraj1
, N Suganya 2
, V Priyadharshini 3
, K Hemalatha 4
Angel College of Engineering and Technology, Tirupur District, Tamilnadu.
Abstract: A Wireless Sensor Network is a multiple collection of large number of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are used to collect the information
from the surroundings and pass it to the base station. Data Aggregation is an important technique to achieve power resource effectively in the sensor
network. Because sensor node has limited battery power so data aggregation techniques have been proposed for WSN. The data from the multiple sensor
nodes are aggregated is usually performed by averaging method. The aggregated data are stored into header aggregator node and it is highly susceptible
to attacks. To address this security issue, Iterative Filtering algorithms are used to monitor sensor nodes and provide great promise by detecting
vulnerable errors. For transferring aggregator data from aggregated node to base station, this paper introduces Cryptography and Random Key
Generation technique. We use encryption technique for original message and simultaneously create a key for that encrypted message. That generated key
and encrypted message will be sent to the receiver through the possible paths where the hackers cannot hack the original message.
Keywords: Data Aggregation, Sensor Networks, Network level Security, Collision Attacks.
I. INTRODUCTION
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are widely distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or surrounding conditions such as
temperature, noise etc., and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. WSNs are widely used in several
applications, such as wild habitat observation, forest fire exposure, and military surveillance. Individual sensor nodes transmit the data
to the base station continuously; therefore power consumption is increased [2]. In order to reduce the power consumption of WSNs,
several approaches are proposed such as radio scheduling, control packet elimination, topology control, and data aggregation [1].
An example data aggregation scheme is presented in Fig. 1 where a collection of multiple sensor nodes gather information from a
target boundary. When the base station queries the network, rather than sending each and every sensor node’s data to base station, any
one sensor node from the network is called as data aggregator. It will gather the information from its nearby nodes aggregates them
and transmit the aggregated data to the base station through a multi hop path. WSN are influenced by many types of security attacks
including false data injection and data forgery. Sensor nodes can be mutually concession by intruders and the compromised nodes can
distort data integrity by injecting false data [9]. In [9] the first of its kind to integrate the detection of false data with data aggregation
and confidentiality.
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Data aggregation is implemented in WSN to eliminate data redundancy, reduce data transmission, and improve data validity. Data
aggregation results in better bandwidth and battery utilization [9]. To detect false data injected by a data aggregator, some neigh boring
nodes of the data aggregator also perform data aggregation and evaluate MACs for the aggregated data to activate their pair mates to
verify the data later. DAA also provides data secrecy and the data are forwarded between data aggregators [9]. In this scheme, they use
a ring topology in which a node may have multiple parents in the aggregation hierarchy and every sensed value or sub aggregate is
denoted by a duplicate-insensitive bitmap called synopsis [10]. Reputation and trust play an essential role in such applications by
enabling multiple parties to establish relationships that achieve mutual profit. Reputation allows parties to build trust, or the degree to
which one party has confidence in another within the framework of a given purpose or decision [4]. Trust management systems for
WSN could be very useful for detecting malicious nodes and for assisting the decision-making process [5].
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. The associated work is presented in Section II, Section III describes the problem
statement and the assumptions, Section IV starts with a brief summary of security requirements of wireless sensor networks and show
how they narrate with data aggregation process, Section V describes a Message Digest (MD5) algorithm and Section VI concludes this
paper.
II. Related Work
Several researchers have studied problems related to data aggregation in WSNs. Header aggregator nodes can be easily compromised
by attackers. The hackers may inject false data into the node and it is highly vulnerable. To address this problem they used Iterative
Filtering algorithm [1]. For example, In the Page Rank algorithm, they accept that a random walk over the network is a good model of
real navigation for web surfer. In trust propagation over networks, we accept the transitivity of trust if node A trusts node B and B
trusts node C, then A will trust C [7]. Compromised nodes might attempt to frustrate the aggregate computation process in multiple
ways; they are violating data privacy, Falsifying the local value and Falsifying the sub aggregate.
Several key establishment protocols are developed for sensor networks which propose “direct key establishment” for neighboring
nodes and “path key establishment” for sensor nodes [9]. Our work is also closely related to provide security for transmitting the data
from aggregator node to base station.
III. Problem Statement and Assumption
Our goal is to transfer the encrypted message and its key to the base station through the multi hop path. In [10] technique, the
mutually concession node can inject a large amount of error in the final estimate of BS (inflation attack). Although sensor nodes are
considered to have limited computational capabilities, there are in fact different types of nodes with different levels of constraints are
Weak nodes, Normal nodes and Heavy-Duty nodes. Weak nodes are extremely constrained, Heavy-Duty nodes have PDA-like
capabilities and Normal nodes are the most common type of sensor node device with enough resources to create a fully functional
sensor network [5].
We assume that the sensor nodes for a multi hop network with BS as the central point of control. A compromised node can corrupt
the aggregate estimate of the base station, keeping their focus on the ring-based hierarchical aggregation algorithms. To address this
issue, they presented a lightweight verification algorithm which would activate the base station to verify whether the computed
aggregate was valid [10].

IV. Security Requirement
Due to unfriendly environments and unique properties of w, it is a challenging task to defend sensitive information transmitted by
WSN [2]. Therefore, security is a main concern for WSN and there are many security esteems that should be investigated. In this
section, we present the necessary security requirements that are raised in a WSN atmosphere and make clear how these requirements
narrate with data aggregation and transmission process. Trust and Reputation Systems (TRS) represent a significant class of decision
support tools that can help to reduce risk when engaging in transactions and interactions on the Internet [3].
Data aggregation protocols must decrypt the sensor data to carry out data aggregation and encrypt the aggregated data behind
transmitting it. Data aggregation protocols can be classified into two parts: tree-based data aggregation and cluster-based data
aggregation protocols [2]. The protocol called EADAT (Energy- Aware Distributed Aggregation Tree) is based on an energy-aware
distributed heuristic. Security requirements of WSN can be satisfied using any symmetric key or asymmetric key cryptography. Due to
resource limitations of sensor nodes, symmetric key cryptography is preferable more than asymmetric key cryptography. Secure DAV
protocol is very similar except that elliptic curve cryptography is used for encryption purposes and provides data confidentiality, data
security and source authentication [2].
V. Message Digest (MD5) Algorithm
This section presents about Message Digest (MD5) algorithm and its operations. A MD5 algorithm is also known as cryptographic hash
function. It receives a message as input and creates a fixed-length output, which is generally lower than the length of the input
message. The output is known as hash value, a fingerprint or a message digest. In [9] elaborate the protocol DAA and its algorithms,
namely MNS and SDFC. The limitations of DAA due to the value depends strictly on several circumstances such as geographical area
situation, modes of deployment, transmission range of sensor nodes and power management. The Bipartite method has two major
drawbacks are the statistical ranking methods are very hard to be used to detect the users who give random rating scores and some
important rating scores given by some users can be possibly removed by the statistical methods applied [8]. The properties of MD5
includes: one-way, collision-resistant and satisfy pseudo-randomness.
When the above properties are satisfied, we describe the algorithm a collision-resistant message-digest algorithm. Message-digest
algorithms are mainly used in implementing digital signature. On account of its property of pseudo-randomness, MDA is also used to
be an element of the mechanism for random number generation. There are three kinds of operations in MD5 are Bitwise Boolean
Operation, Modular Addition, Cyclic Shift Operation. All these three operations are very rapid on a 32-bit machine. So MD5 is quite
fast. The mechanism of MD5 as well as MD2 and MD4, follows a design principle planned by Merkle and Damagard. Its basic idea in
block-wise mode to do hash. In a word, MD5 consists of two phases: padding phase and compression phase. In the padding stage,
some extra bits (1 to 512bits) are appended to the input message. In the compression stage, a compression function is used on each
512-bit block and generates a 128-bit output. The output is always involved in the calculation of next round.
VI. Conclusion
This paper provides a detailed review of secure data aggregation and security concept in wireless sensor networks. We discussed how
to prevent the encrypted message from the hackers while transmitting to the base station. To address this problem, we used Message
Digest (MD5) algorithm that provides security by compressing the data. This algorithm would guarantee the successful protection of
the encrypted data even in the presence of an attack. As for the future work, we will investigate that our approach can protect against
compromised attackers.
References
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A Survey on Energy Efficient and Key Based Approach for Data Aggregation in WSN

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