![A Workflow Execution Platform
for Collaborative Artifact-Centric Business Processes
Sira Yongchareon1, Kan Ngamakeur2, Chengfei Liu2, Sivadon Chaisiri3, and Jian Yu4
1 Department of Computing and Information Technology
Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand
sira@maxsira.com
2 Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology
Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
{kngamakeur,cliu}@swin.edu.au
3 School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Thailand
sivadon@ieee.org
4 Auckland University of Technology
School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, New Zealand
jian.yu@aut.ac.nz
Abstract. To execute an artifact-centric process model, current workflow
execution approaches require it to be converted to some existing executable
language (e.g., BPEL) in order to run on a workflow system. We argue that the
transformation can incur losses of information and degrade traceability. In this
paper, we proposed and developed a workflow execution platform that directly
executes a collaborative (i.e., inter-organizational) workflow specification of
artifact-centric business processes without performing model conversion.
1 Introduction
An artifact-centric process modeling approach has emerged to provide an alternative
approach for specifying a business process. The approach focuses on describing how
business-relevant key data entities, known as “artifacts”, evolve in a business process
[7]. IBM [5, 7] has developed an operational modeling framework which consists of
three components: artifacts, services, and associations (between artifacts and
services) and proposed a Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM) approach to modeling
artifact-centric processes [12]. Current workflow execution approaches require an
artifact-centric model to be transformed to an executable activity-centric process
language (e.g., BPEL) in order to run on existing workflow systems (e.g., in [9, 15,
17]). We argue that the model conversion incurs losses of information and affects
traceability and monitoring ability of workflow [16], especially in a collaborative
environment where the workflow span across multiple inter-business entities. We
found several technical challenges such as executable model specification, workflow
coordination, and data access/management that need to be addressed when developing
a system to support execution of artifact-centric models in a distributed environment.
R. Meersman et al. (Eds.): OTM 2014 Workshops, LNCS 8842, pp. 639–643, 2014.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aworkflowexecutionplatformforcollaborativeartifact-centricbusinessprocesses-141015171117-conversion-gate01/85/A-workflow-execution-platform-for-collaborative-artifact-centric-business-processes-1-320.jpg)
![640 S. Yongchareon et al.
To address the challenges, we developed an artifact-centric workflow execution
platform for collaborative artifact-centric processes based on using view-based
artifact-centric approach [2, 4] on service-oriented and event-driven architectures.
2 Artifact-Centric Collaboration Execution Framework
An artifact-centric process model can be constructed using artifacts, their life cycles
and interactions [4]. To achieve goals of a collaborative process, all organizations in
the collaboration must develop and agree on a mutual contract for them to
progressively operate towards the goals [3]. Here, we model artifact-centric processes
by using the Artifact-Centric Collaboration Model [2] and the view-based approach
presented in [1]. Two types of artifacts are used to model collaboration or the
contract: (1) local artifact and (2) shared artifact. Local artifacts are owned and
accessed by one organization to support the coordination between its local business
processes and the inter-organizational processes. Shared artifacts are defined as a
contract between participating organizations where it contains business stages to
capture progress of the process toward the completion of the collaborative process.
We illustrate architecture of our Artifact-Centric Collaboration (ACC) Execution
Framework and its platform in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, respectively.
Fig. 1. Artifact-Centric Collaboration (ACC) Execution framework
Fig. 2. Architecture of workflow execution platform for ACC](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aworkflowexecutionplatformforcollaborativeartifact-centricbusinessprocesses-141015171117-conversion-gate01/85/A-workflow-execution-platform-for-collaborative-artifact-centric-business-processes-2-320.jpg)
![A Workflow Execution Platform for Collaborative Artifact-Centric Business Processes 641
The platform utilizes event-driven and service-oriented architectures to design and
implement the centralized controller to support distributed execution across
organizations based on using a set of shared artifacts and shared business rules to
govern interaction between organizations [2, 4, 13]. The platform comprises of an
Artifact-centric collaboration (ACC) system and local ACP system(s). The local ACP
system is designed to run in each participating organization. The ACP system is
extended from the system presented in [8, 16] with a Shared artifact client manager
to support execution of shared artifacts in a collaboration. The ACC system acts as a
central controller and it consists of four components: shared artifact manager, rule
engine, role manager, and shared artifact data manager. Shared Artifact Manager
provides management functionality to ensure each contract running in the execution is
created, managed and updated correctly. Rule Engine is to deliver functionality of rule
evaluation. The rule engine serves as a central controller to coordinate internal and
external operations of each component in the platform. Role Manager is to handle a
task that is allocated to each role involved in a particular business process. Shared
Artifact Data Manager performs a task of updating these shared artifacts. In a local
ACP system, Shared Artifact Client Manager is designed to address communication
between the central controller and local systems. Its main functionality is to receive
and pass messages issued by the controller to a local system and also detect status of
process execution of the local system and notify the controller regarding completion
of a task or a session of the local system in a synchronized manner. A coordination
contract is implemented in the ACC system for correct and consistent coordination
between the global system and all local systems. Our platform is available at [19].
3 Related Work Discussion and Conclusion
This paper proposed a platform for executing collaborative artifact-centric business
processes. Cohn and Hull [7] illustrated that IBM has used BELA tool to map an
artifact-centric process model into an executable model (e.g., BPEL) that can run on
IBM’s WebSphere Process Server. Cohn et al. [10] proposed a system called Sienna
to support execution of Finite-State-Machine lifecycles for artifacts. Barcelona [18]
supports the execution of artifact models with Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM). Sienna
and Barcelona require ACSI Interoperation Hub [6] to support interoperation between
enterprises. However, both of their systems are not publicly available at this stage,
therefore we are not able test and evaluate them. G. Liu et al [9] proposed an artifact-centric
workflow model, namely ArtiFlow, with a technique to translate ArtiFlow to a
BPEL specification to run on a BPEL engine. Their prototype was developed and
presented in [15, 17]. To support a dynamic runtime modification, Xu et al. [11]
developed a hybrid model called EZ-Flow based on the ArtiFlow to gain advantages
of both declarative and procedural natures. Compared with our approach, we execute
an artifact-centric model without converting the model to an activity-centric model.
Moreover, our system can record all running artifacts as specified in the artifact-centric
model, therefore tracking can be achieved not only at the process level but also
at the artifact level. Marinoiu et al. [14] developed AXART system to manage the
updates of Active XML (AXML) models with embedded function/Web service calls.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aworkflowexecutionplatformforcollaborativeartifact-centricbusinessprocesses-141015171117-conversion-gate01/85/A-workflow-execution-platform-for-collaborative-artifact-centric-business-processes-3-320.jpg)
![642 S. Yongchareon et al.
Compared with our work, artifacts, rules, and services are defined as separate
components. Thus, those components are less coupled and can be more effectively
managed. Russo et al. [20] proposed Data Centric Dynamic Systems to execute data-centric
processes. The system uses a business rule engine to control an action that
updates the state of data. However, their concept of the life cycle is not incorporated
and there is no discussion on execution of inter-organizational processes.
In the future, we will improve our system prototype in several areas, e.g., run-time
verification, exception handling, and change management.
References
1. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C.: A Process View Framework for Artifact-Centric Business
Processes. In: Meersman, R., Dillon, T.S., Herrero, P. (eds.) OTM 2010. LNCS, vol. 6426,
pp. 26–43. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
2. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C., Zhao, X.: An Artifact-Centric View-Based Approach to
Modeling Inter-organizational Business Processes. In: Bouguettaya, A., Hauswirth, M.,
Liu, L. (eds.) WISE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6997, pp. 273–281. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
3. Van Der Aalst, W.M.P., Lohmann, N., Masuthe, P., Stahl, C., Wolf, K.: Multipart
Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes. The Computer
Journal 53(1), 90–106
4. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C., Yu, J., Zhao, X.: A View Framework for Modeling and Change
Validation of Artifact-Centric Inter-Organizational Business Processes. To appear in
Information Systems (2014), doi:10.1016/j.is.2014.07.004
5. Bhattacharya, K., Hull, R., Su, J.: A data-centric design methodology for business
processes. In: Handbook of Research on Business Process Modeling (2009)
6. Hull, R., Narendra, N.C., Nigam, A.: Facilitating Workflow Interoperation Using Artifact-
Centric Hubs. In: Baresi, L., Chi, C.-H., Suzuki, J. (eds.) ICSOC-ServiceWave 2009.
LNCS, vol. 5900, pp. 1–18. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
7. Cohn, D., Hull, R.: Business artifacts: A data-centric approach to modeling business
operations and processes. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 32(3), 3–9 (2009)
8. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C., Zhao, X., Xu, J.: An Artifact-Centric Approach to Generating
Web-Based Business Process Driven User Interfaces. In: Chen, L., Triantafillou, P., Suel,
T. (eds.) WISE 2010. LNCS, vol. 6488, pp. 419–427. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
9. Liu, G., Liu, X., Qin, H., Su, J., Yan, Z., Zhang, L.: Automated Realization of Business
Workflow Specification. In: Dan, A., Gittler, F., Toumani, F. (eds.) ICSOC/ServiceWave
2009. LNCS, vol. 6275, pp. 96–108. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
10. Cohn, D., Dhoolia, P., Heath III, F., Pinel, F., Vergo, J.: Siena: From PowerPoint to Web
App in 5 Minutes. In: Bouguettaya, A., Krueger, I., Margaria, T. (eds.) ICSOC 2008.
LNCS, vol. 5364, pp. 722–723. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
11. Xu, W., Su, J., Yan, Z., Yang, J., Zhang, L.: An artifact-centric approach to dynamic
modification of workflow execution. In: Meersman, R., et al. (eds.) OTM 2011, Part I.
LNCS, vol. 7044, pp. 256–273. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
12. Hull, R., et al.: Introducing the guard-stage-milestone approach for specifying business
entity lifecycles (Invited talk). In: Bravetti, M., Bultan, T. (eds.) WS-FM 2010. LNCS,
vol. 6551, pp. 1–24. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
13. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C., Zhao, X.: A Framework for Behavior-Consistent Specialization
of Artifact-Centric Business Processes. In: Barros, A., Gal, A., Kindler, E. (eds.) BPM
2012. LNCS, vol. 7481, pp. 285–301. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aworkflowexecutionplatformforcollaborativeartifact-centricbusinessprocesses-141015171117-conversion-gate01/85/A-workflow-execution-platform-for-collaborative-artifact-centric-business-processes-4-320.jpg)
A workflow execution platform for collaborative artifact centric business processes
- 1. A Workflow Execution Platform for Collaborative Artifact-Centric Business Processes Sira Yongchareon1, Kan Ngamakeur2, Chengfei Liu2, Sivadon Chaisiri3, and Jian Yu4 1 Department of Computing and Information Technology Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand [email protected] 2 Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology, Australia {kngamakeur,cliu}@swin.edu.au 3 School of Information Technology, Shinawatra University, Thailand [email protected] 4 Auckland University of Technology School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, New Zealand [email protected] Abstract. To execute an artifact-centric process model, current workflow execution approaches require it to be converted to some existing executable language (e.g., BPEL) in order to run on a workflow system. We argue that the transformation can incur losses of information and degrade traceability. In this paper, we proposed and developed a workflow execution platform that directly executes a collaborative (i.e., inter-organizational) workflow specification of artifact-centric business processes without performing model conversion. 1 Introduction An artifact-centric process modeling approach has emerged to provide an alternative approach for specifying a business process. The approach focuses on describing how business-relevant key data entities, known as “artifacts”, evolve in a business process [7]. IBM [5, 7] has developed an operational modeling framework which consists of three components: artifacts, services, and associations (between artifacts and services) and proposed a Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM) approach to modeling artifact-centric processes [12]. Current workflow execution approaches require an artifact-centric model to be transformed to an executable activity-centric process language (e.g., BPEL) in order to run on existing workflow systems (e.g., in [9, 15, 17]). We argue that the model conversion incurs losses of information and affects traceability and monitoring ability of workflow [16], especially in a collaborative environment where the workflow span across multiple inter-business entities. We found several technical challenges such as executable model specification, workflow coordination, and data access/management that need to be addressed when developing a system to support execution of artifact-centric models in a distributed environment. R. Meersman et al. (Eds.): OTM 2014 Workshops, LNCS 8842, pp. 639–643, 2014. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
- 2. 640 S. Yongchareon et al. To address the challenges, we developed an artifact-centric workflow execution platform for collaborative artifact-centric processes based on using view-based artifact-centric approach [2, 4] on service-oriented and event-driven architectures. 2 Artifact-Centric Collaboration Execution Framework An artifact-centric process model can be constructed using artifacts, their life cycles and interactions [4]. To achieve goals of a collaborative process, all organizations in the collaboration must develop and agree on a mutual contract for them to progressively operate towards the goals [3]. Here, we model artifact-centric processes by using the Artifact-Centric Collaboration Model [2] and the view-based approach presented in [1]. Two types of artifacts are used to model collaboration or the contract: (1) local artifact and (2) shared artifact. Local artifacts are owned and accessed by one organization to support the coordination between its local business processes and the inter-organizational processes. Shared artifacts are defined as a contract between participating organizations where it contains business stages to capture progress of the process toward the completion of the collaborative process. We illustrate architecture of our Artifact-Centric Collaboration (ACC) Execution Framework and its platform in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, respectively. Fig. 1. Artifact-Centric Collaboration (ACC) Execution framework Fig. 2. Architecture of workflow execution platform for ACC
- 3. A Workflow Execution Platform for Collaborative Artifact-Centric Business Processes 641 The platform utilizes event-driven and service-oriented architectures to design and implement the centralized controller to support distributed execution across organizations based on using a set of shared artifacts and shared business rules to govern interaction between organizations [2, 4, 13]. The platform comprises of an Artifact-centric collaboration (ACC) system and local ACP system(s). The local ACP system is designed to run in each participating organization. The ACP system is extended from the system presented in [8, 16] with a Shared artifact client manager to support execution of shared artifacts in a collaboration. The ACC system acts as a central controller and it consists of four components: shared artifact manager, rule engine, role manager, and shared artifact data manager. Shared Artifact Manager provides management functionality to ensure each contract running in the execution is created, managed and updated correctly. Rule Engine is to deliver functionality of rule evaluation. The rule engine serves as a central controller to coordinate internal and external operations of each component in the platform. Role Manager is to handle a task that is allocated to each role involved in a particular business process. Shared Artifact Data Manager performs a task of updating these shared artifacts. In a local ACP system, Shared Artifact Client Manager is designed to address communication between the central controller and local systems. Its main functionality is to receive and pass messages issued by the controller to a local system and also detect status of process execution of the local system and notify the controller regarding completion of a task or a session of the local system in a synchronized manner. A coordination contract is implemented in the ACC system for correct and consistent coordination between the global system and all local systems. Our platform is available at [19]. 3 Related Work Discussion and Conclusion This paper proposed a platform for executing collaborative artifact-centric business processes. Cohn and Hull [7] illustrated that IBM has used BELA tool to map an artifact-centric process model into an executable model (e.g., BPEL) that can run on IBM’s WebSphere Process Server. Cohn et al. [10] proposed a system called Sienna to support execution of Finite-State-Machine lifecycles for artifacts. Barcelona [18] supports the execution of artifact models with Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM). Sienna and Barcelona require ACSI Interoperation Hub [6] to support interoperation between enterprises. However, both of their systems are not publicly available at this stage, therefore we are not able test and evaluate them. G. Liu et al [9] proposed an artifact-centric workflow model, namely ArtiFlow, with a technique to translate ArtiFlow to a BPEL specification to run on a BPEL engine. Their prototype was developed and presented in [15, 17]. To support a dynamic runtime modification, Xu et al. [11] developed a hybrid model called EZ-Flow based on the ArtiFlow to gain advantages of both declarative and procedural natures. Compared with our approach, we execute an artifact-centric model without converting the model to an activity-centric model. Moreover, our system can record all running artifacts as specified in the artifact-centric model, therefore tracking can be achieved not only at the process level but also at the artifact level. Marinoiu et al. [14] developed AXART system to manage the updates of Active XML (AXML) models with embedded function/Web service calls.
- 4. 642 S. Yongchareon et al. Compared with our work, artifacts, rules, and services are defined as separate components. Thus, those components are less coupled and can be more effectively managed. Russo et al. [20] proposed Data Centric Dynamic Systems to execute data-centric processes. The system uses a business rule engine to control an action that updates the state of data. However, their concept of the life cycle is not incorporated and there is no discussion on execution of inter-organizational processes. In the future, we will improve our system prototype in several areas, e.g., run-time verification, exception handling, and change management. References 1. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C.: A Process View Framework for Artifact-Centric Business Processes. In: Meersman, R., Dillon, T.S., Herrero, P. (eds.) OTM 2010. LNCS, vol. 6426, pp. 26–43. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) 2. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C., Zhao, X.: An Artifact-Centric View-Based Approach to Modeling Inter-organizational Business Processes. In: Bouguettaya, A., Hauswirth, M., Liu, L. (eds.) WISE 2011. LNCS, vol. 6997, pp. 273–281. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) 3. Van Der Aalst, W.M.P., Lohmann, N., Masuthe, P., Stahl, C., Wolf, K.: Multipart Contracts: Agreeing and Implementing Interorganizational Processes. The Computer Journal 53(1), 90–106 4. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C., Yu, J., Zhao, X.: A View Framework for Modeling and Change Validation of Artifact-Centric Inter-Organizational Business Processes. To appear in Information Systems (2014), doi:10.1016/j.is.2014.07.004 5. Bhattacharya, K., Hull, R., Su, J.: A data-centric design methodology for business processes. In: Handbook of Research on Business Process Modeling (2009) 6. Hull, R., Narendra, N.C., Nigam, A.: Facilitating Workflow Interoperation Using Artifact- Centric Hubs. In: Baresi, L., Chi, C.-H., Suzuki, J. (eds.) ICSOC-ServiceWave 2009. LNCS, vol. 5900, pp. 1–18. Springer, Heidelberg (2009) 7. Cohn, D., Hull, R.: Business artifacts: A data-centric approach to modeling business operations and processes. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 32(3), 3–9 (2009) 8. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C., Zhao, X., Xu, J.: An Artifact-Centric Approach to Generating Web-Based Business Process Driven User Interfaces. In: Chen, L., Triantafillou, P., Suel, T. (eds.) WISE 2010. LNCS, vol. 6488, pp. 419–427. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) 9. Liu, G., Liu, X., Qin, H., Su, J., Yan, Z., Zhang, L.: Automated Realization of Business Workflow Specification. In: Dan, A., Gittler, F., Toumani, F. (eds.) ICSOC/ServiceWave 2009. LNCS, vol. 6275, pp. 96–108. Springer, Heidelberg (2010) 10. Cohn, D., Dhoolia, P., Heath III, F., Pinel, F., Vergo, J.: Siena: From PowerPoint to Web App in 5 Minutes. In: Bouguettaya, A., Krueger, I., Margaria, T. (eds.) ICSOC 2008. LNCS, vol. 5364, pp. 722–723. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) 11. Xu, W., Su, J., Yan, Z., Yang, J., Zhang, L.: An artifact-centric approach to dynamic modification of workflow execution. In: Meersman, R., et al. (eds.) OTM 2011, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7044, pp. 256–273. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) 12. Hull, R., et al.: Introducing the guard-stage-milestone approach for specifying business entity lifecycles (Invited talk). In: Bravetti, M., Bultan, T. (eds.) WS-FM 2010. LNCS, vol. 6551, pp. 1–24. Springer, Heidelberg (2011) 13. Yongchareon, S., Liu, C., Zhao, X.: A Framework for Behavior-Consistent Specialization of Artifact-Centric Business Processes. In: Barros, A., Gal, A., Kindler, E. (eds.) BPM 2012. LNCS, vol. 7481, pp. 285–301. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
- 5. A Workflow Execution Platform for Collaborative Artifact-Centric Business Processes 643 14. Marinoiu, B., Abiteboul, S., Bourhis, P., Galland, A.: AXART – Enabling collaborative work with AXML artifacts. In: Proc. VLDB Endowment (2010) 15. Zhao, D., Liu, G., Wang, Y., Gao, F., Li, H., Zhang, D.: A-Stein: A prototype for artifact-centric business process management systems. In: BMEI 2011, vol. 1, pp. 247–250 (2011) 16. Ngamakeur, K., Yongchareon, S., Liu, C.: A Framework for Realizing Artifact-Centric Business Processes in Service-Oriented Architecture. In: Lee, S.-g., Peng, Z., Zhou, X., Moon, Y.-S., Unland, R., Yoo, J. (eds.) DASFAA 2012, Part I. LNCS, vol. 7238, pp. 63– 78. Springer, Heidelberg (2012) 17. Zhao, D., Liu, G., Jiang, Y., Gao, F., Wang, Y.: The execution and detection of artifact-centric business process. In: IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 491–495. IEEE Press, Shanghai (2011) 18. Heath III, F(T.), Boaz, D., Gupta, M., Vaculín, R., Sun, Y., Hull, R., Limonad, L.: Barcelona: A Design and Runtime Environment for Declarative Artifact-Centric BPM. In: Basu, S., Pautasso, C., Zhang, L., Fu, X. (eds.) ICSOC 2013. LNCS, vol. 8274, pp. 705– 709. Springer, Heidelberg (2013) 19. Ngamakeur, K., Yongchareon, S.: ACC & ACP systems prototype (2014), https://sites.google.com/site/maxsirayongchareon/artifact-s 20. Russo, A., Diag, S., Mecella, M., Patrizi, F., Montali, M.: Implementing and Running Data-Centric Dynamic Systems. In: The 6th IEEE International Conference on Service- Oriented Computing and Applications, pp. 225–232 (2013)