A14c w+civil+war+concise+web

THE
CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
A14CW | 10.1119

GUIDING QUESTIONS
• How did the Union win the
war?
• How did the Civil War change
the United States politically,
socially and economically?

1860
Presidential
Election
Abraham Lincoln
Republican
John Bell
Constitutional Union
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat

Election of 1860:
Popular Vote Percentages

The election of 1860 by county

Secession:
The Lower South
• secession
• “fire-eaters”
• Confederate
States of America
• Jefferson Davis

Crittenden Compromise
Senator John J.
Crittenden

Lincoln’s Inauguration, March 4, 1861
•Lincoln’s position on secession
Lincoln’s Inauguration, March 4, 1861

Lincoln’s
inaugural
address in
front of the
Capitol

Slavery & Secession
% Whites in Slave-
owning Families
% Slaves in
Population
Original
Confederate States 38% 47%
Upper South States
that Later Joined
the Confederacy
24% 32%
Border States
Remaining in Union 14% 15%
Source: Henretta, et al., America’s History, 5th ed.

Lincoln
Feb. 23, 1861
(Library of Congress)
Lincoln by Alexander Gardner, 1861
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Confederate States of America
Official Flags
1865
1861-1863
1863-1865

Confederate Battle Flags
Eastern Army
Battle Flag
Navy flag

Jefferson
Davis,
President, CSA

Comparing the North & the South

Men
Present
for Duty
in the
Civil War

Overview
of
Civil War
Strategy
“Anaconda”
Plan

Foreign Affairs and Diplomacy
• Southern appeals to Britain & France
• “Trent Affair”
• Blockade runners
• William Seward
• Charles Francis Adams

Opposition and Lincoln’s Response
 Peace Democrats
 “copperheads”
 Clement L. Vallandigham
Republicans: moderate vs. “radical”
 Lincoln’s use of executive power
 habeas corpus
 martial law
 Ex parte Milligan (1866)

Significant Legislation Passed in Congress
 Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
 Income tax
 Legal Tender Act (1862)
 “greenbacks” - $430+ million
 National Banking Acts (1863 & 1864)
 Pacific Railway Acts (1862 & 1864)
 Union Pacific Railroad Co.
 Central Pacific Railroad Co.
 Homestead Act (1862)
 Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
 Emancipation Proclamation (1862)

New York
Draft
Riots -
Battle in
Second
Avenue
(Collection of Picture
Research Consultants
& Archives)
Mobilizing Armies
& Social Unrest
 Conscription Act
(March 1863)
 New York City Draft
Riots (July 1863)
Recruiting station, New York City

Role of Women and Health
 U.S. Sanitary Commission
 Dorothea Dix
 Nurses – Clara Barton
 women at home

Election of 1864
Abraham Lincoln and
son Tad, February 1864
(Library of Congress)
George B. McClellan
 Union Party
 Andrew Johnson
 George B. McClellan

1864 Presidential Election – Results by County

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
March 4, 1865

A NEW BIRTH
OF FREEDOM
The Civil War and
African-Americans

Civil War and African-Americans
 Conservative Republican view
 Radical Republicans
 Thaddeus Stevens – Rep PA
 Charles Sumner – Senator Mass
 Benjamin Wade – Senator OH
 Confiscation Act
 “contraband of war”

 Emancipation
Proclamation
 Did Lincoln “free the
slaves”?
 “a high crime
against the
Constitution”

A Southern View of Emancipation

 54th Massachusetts Infantry
 Thirteenth Amendment

African
American
recruiting
poster

FROM
GETTYSBURG TO
APPOMATTOX
1863-1865

Civil War in the West
General Ulysses S. Grant
• Ulysses S. Grant
• Shiloh
• New Orleans
• Admiral David Farragut
• Vicksburg
(May 19-July 4, 1863)

The War in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg

Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
 Decisive Battle of the War
 Largest Battle ever in U.S.-
172,000 troops (97,000 in Union
Army of the Potomac; 75,000 Conf.
Army of N. Va.)
 Most casualties of any battle
(51,000 combined)
 569 tons of ammunition
 Over 5,000 dead horses

"A Harvest of Death“: Gettysburg
After the Battle

Gettysburg: Dedication of National
Cemetery, Nov. 1863

Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
November 1863

The War in the South, 1863-1865
• Chattanooga
• Lookout Mountain
& Missionary Ridge
(Nov. 1863)
• William T. Sherman
• Atlanta (Sept. 1864)
• “March to the Sea”
Union General William T. Sherman

Ruined railway near Atlanta, destroyed by
Sherman’s troops

The Progress of War: 1861-1865

War in the East,
1864-1865
• Wilderness Campaign (May-June 1864)
• Seige of Petersburg (June 1864-Apr 2, 1865)
• Fall of Richmond
Ulysses S. Grant at
Cold Harbor
Virginia, June 1864

Richmond
April 1865
After Burning
by Union
Forces

Surrender
• Lee’s Surrender, Appomattox Court House (April 9, 1865)
McClain House, Appomattox C.H., April 1865

Capture of Jefferson Davis, May 10, 1865

Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars

IMPORTANT RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR
POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL

A14c w+civil+war+concise+web

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