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Rethinking Library Acquisition: Demand-Driven Purchasing for Scholarly Books
This document discusses the development and implementation of demand-driven acquisition (DDA) models for scholarly books at university libraries. It provides data from the University of Denver showing high percentages of unused books purchased under traditional models. The document then outlines the University of Denver's DDA plan using YBP and EBL, including record loading, user requesting workflows, and assessment considerations. It closes by discussing implications of DDA for collections, users, libraries, publishing, and book vendors.
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Rethinking Library Acquisition: Demand-Driven Purchasing for Scholarly Books
- 1. Rethinking Library Acquisition:Demand-Driven Purchasing for Scholarly Books Becky Clark, Johns Hopkins University [email protected] Nauman, [email protected] Levine-Clark, University of [email protected] Bosch, University of [email protected] Anderson, [email protected]
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- 3. University of DenverData – All Books2000-2009252,718 titles (25,272 a year)46.9% unused (118,387)2000-2004126,953 titles39.6% unused (50,226)FY 2010Approx $1 million spent on monographs
- 4. University of DenverData – University Press Books*2000-200940,058 titles (8,012 a year)39.7% unused (15,883)2000-200420,277 titles31.0% unused (6,278)*“University Press” in publisher field
- 5. University of DenverUse Data (Titles Cataloged 2000-2004) All U.P.4+ 23,854 (18.8%) 4,029 (19.9%)3 10,461 (8.2%) 1,954 (9.6%)2 16,257 (12.8%) 3,134 (15.5%)1 26,155 (20.6%) 4,882 (24.1%)0 50,266 (39.6%) 6,278 (31.0%)
- 6. University of DenverUse Data (U.P. Titles Cataloged in 2000) Ever Used Used 2005 or Later4+ 932 (22.1%) 882 (20.1%)3 424 (10.0%) 349 (8.3%)2 682 (16.1%) 439 (10.4%)1 968 (22.9%) 475 (11.2%)0 1,217 (28.8%) 2,078 (49.2%)
- 7. The Universe ofTitles170,663 books published in the U.S. in 2008*53,869 books treated on approval by Blackwell in FY 2008 (North America)23,097 forms generated in FY 20084,687 titles ordered from forms*Library and Book Trade Almanac 2009, p. 506 (preliminary data).
- 8. Everything is DifferentUsersexpect everything instantlyBorn-digital books shouldn’t go out of printWe’re more accountable to our administrationsBudgetShelf space
- 9. Developing a Demand-DrivenPurchase ModelTwo basic reasons for changing models:ROI – return on investmentIn a digital world dominated by network level discovery and access - it is not about the local collection anymore, follow the users.
- 11. Developing a Demand-DrivenPurchase ModelCirculation data by publisher is hard to gather since publisher is not a field in a MARC record that is “normalized” so many versions of a publisher could exist. A rough working of our data shows that overall the average rate for circulating titles was about 55% for University Presses.The larger University Presses do have higher rates of circulation than do the smaller presses.
- 12. Developing a Demand-DrivenPurchase ModelROI – in since 2000:Total # of books purchased 448,840Total exp for books $ 24,531,340 Total # 0 circ books 237,885Total exp for 0 circ books $ 13,001,610Shelving costs $ 2,440,582Processing costs $ 3,394,622 Total cost of 0 circ books $ 18,836,814
- 13. Rethinking Monographic Acquisition:Developing a Demand-Driven Purchase ModelNetwork level discovery and access:This is where our users are going and we need to have business models that support that type of user experience - not building local collections.Users must have the broadest possible access w/o dead ends – one way or another they need to be able to quickly obtain the discovered information.
- 14. Is this what the digital natives will find useful as a library? OR
- 15. Is this thefuture “collection”?
- 16. How We’re ImplementingDemand-Driven Acquisition
- 18. Developing a DDAPlan for DUJan 2009: Begin conversations with BlackwellSpring 2009: Begin conversations with EBLSummer/fall 2009: EBL/Blackwell platform developmentDec 2009: YBP/Blackwell announce mergerJan 2010: Begin conversations with YBPSpring 2010: Implement DDA with EBLSpring 2010: Plan DDA with YBP
- 19. The University ofDenver PlanProgram will begin July 2010Print and Electronic BooksYBP and EBLFormsNo fiction, reprints, or textbooksDiscovery through the catalogPOD (eventually)Automatic approval books will continue to come automatically (for now)
- 20. The User ExperienceDiscovery(catalog)Print and/or ebook(s)Request (catalog)Fast, seamlessOrderingBaker & Taylor and Alternative SourcesRush (in some cases)Drop Ship (in some cases)
- 21. AssessmentFeedback Form (p)AtRequestAt DeliverySlip “Ordering” (p)Use Data (p and e)
- 22. Developing the DemandDriven Acquisitions Program
- 23. What Does DemandDriven Mean? Possible WorkflowsYBP provides the title catalog recordsProfiled each week from approval plan inputWeekly batch record load based on that title listLibrary loads records into catalogFull Record (OCLC Plus service from YBP)Brief recordsLoad to OCLC WorldCat Local
- 24. What Does DemandDriven Mean? Possible WorkflowsButton for users to request the bookOptions available to user (format, rush, normal, notify, don’t notify?)Acquisitions retrieves requests daily and places orders
- 25. University of KansasDDA Workflow
- 26. KU Uses aSpecial Location for Patron Choice Titles
- 27. Full record inKU OPACIdentifier in catalogrecord so Patron Choice records caneasily be removedafter 6 months
- 28. Considerations for DDAFormat?Printbooks, eBooks, or both?Mediated or non-mediated?Mediated: patron requests go to acquisitions staff, who make final decision on whether title gets ordered, fund availability, format in which title is orderedNon-mediated: patron request is ordered immediately
- 29. Considerations for DDAAllowduplication between e and print formats?Mirror existing approval plan profile, or set up a separate profile?Budget control – monitoring so funds are available for duration of program or fiscal year Must patrons authenticate to request a title?
- 30. Considerations for DDAHowlong will MARC records stay in OPAC? How do we remove them?
- 31. Will selectors reviewbefore removal to order any that users didn’t want?How will the ‘request screen’ look in the ILS?ReportsWhich users requested what (how much, and in what subject areas)?What Universe of Titles Shall We Expose to Patrons?Demand Driven Profile ComponentsSubject areasPublishersNon-Subject ParametersHow far back shall we go?
- 32. MetricsWhat type ofmaterial was requested?By subjectBy publisherBy FormatWhat was the ratio of records to requests?By SubjectFor PrintFor Digital
- 33. MetricsWhat were thefulfillment times?To the libraryTo the PatronWhat was the Patron Type?FacultyGraduate StudentsUndergraduate Students
- 34. MetricsWhat was thedistribution of requests across subjects? How did DDA requests compare to Librarian selections?What savings did the institution experience?Materials costsStaff costs
- 35. Was the PatronSatisfied?
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- 37. Developing a Demand-DrivenPurchase ModelWhat about?Collections of recordCurrent structures and processes in collection management and acquisitionsTraditional user expectations
- 38. Impact on ScholarsWillthey be able tobrowse the collection?get books as needed?get older books?
- 39. Impact on LibrariesWhatabout Interlibrary Loan?Blur between ILL/AcquisitionseBook Rental Replaces ILL?Are we still building collections, or are we just buying books?
- 40. PDA will forcechanges in the way content moves from publishers to academic librariesThere will be implications throughout the supply chainFour reasons PDA may be the way of the future:Current model breaking downBetter technology exists for library decisionsChanging mission of academic librariesEconomic conditions
- 41. How we gothere and where we might be goingCollections have been built by Approval Plans“Just in Case” CollectionsProblems include budgets, space & usage statisticsBetter technology makes new models possibleOne model for getting startedCore, must have titlesPDA based on subject & publisher profilesIncludes print and ebooksIntegration with aggregator partners“Just in Time” Ordering
- 42. Impact on AcademicPublishingPrint Books“Fewer books, fewer copies, higher prices”Frontlist sales will be reducedPossible reduction in total copies soldBoth can lead to higher pricesMaybe some titles won’t be published, orPublished in another format
- 43. Impact on AcademicPublishingEbooksPilot libraries want E-Preferred PDALibraries and vendors working on electronic collection development servicesIncreased pressure for simultaneous P and EIncreased pressure on vendor for discovery and delivery systemsPotential for Ebooks first backed by PODUsage-based pricing
- 44. Impact on BookVendorsNew value and service propositionMust provide an infrastructure for PDAMARC records prior to purchaseRush order and delivery for printImproved discoverability & deliveryPrint on Demand optionsDirect to Consumer optionsNew processing options for print books
- 45. Impact on BookVendorsVendors also forced to replace lost revenuePotential for a new business modelBased on charging for servicesDecrease library’s cost-per-useVendors and publishers will cooperate to make sure titles are discoveredPDA has to be built while maintaining traditional services