The document discusses the concept of absurdity as it relates to various literary works, including 'To the Lighthouse', 'Waiting for Godot', 'The Wasteland', and 'The Birthday Party'. It emphasizes how absurdity manifests in the characters' relationships and the overarching themes of meaninglessness present in each text, reflecting characteristics of the modernist era. Each work illustrates the struggle for significance in an illogical and purposeless universe.