ACTIVITY SPOTTER DURING MEDICAL TREATMENT USING VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 05 | May 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3555
ACTIVITY SPOTTER DURING MEDICAL TREATMENT USING VISUAL
CRYPTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE
Prof. H. P. Bhabad*1, Kirtan Patel*2, Pranav Mankar*3, Pradhyum Khairnar*4
*1,2,3,4 Department Of Computer Engineering Sandip Institute Of Engineering And
Management, Nashik, India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Digital data, especially when transmitted
through insecure methods/streams, is becoming
increasingly vulnerable in the modern world. In order to
prevent patients' medical data and information from being
manipulated, medical data and information should be kept
confidential. Patients are put at risk when they send
sensitive data via the internet or other means. Our next
thought was to use encryption and decryption techniques to
encrypt and decrypt data, which then could be transmitted
to the receiver. With images, it can encrypt the data and
send it to the receiver.
Key Words: Visual Cryptography, Encryption,
Decryption, AES, LSB, Security.
1. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of steganography is to hide sensitive or
secret information from prying eyes within digital media
in order to maintain security. The information is
converted into an incoherent or scrambled form so that it
cannot be understood by anyone but the intended
recipient, who holds the key to decipher it. Data is
reticulated in a clear media to prevent intruders from
seeing it. Steganography and cryptography are combined
as part of this paper's dual-layer security mechanisms. A
cover image is a picture in which data is hidden, and a
Stego image is a picture that contains encrypted secret
data. Data is hidden largely so that uninvited individuals
cannot discover the existence of the message.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
1. Implementation and usage of visual cryptography:
By encrypting visual information in some way, visual
cryptography makes it possible to decrypt it without using
a computer, thus enabling visual cryptography to be used
without a computer. Poorly designed systems and
protocols, as well as procedures, do not protect against
cryptography's vulnerabilities. Our paper looked at the
various applications of Visual Cryptography and how they
can be fixed through proper mechanical design and
defensive infrastructure settings. Message digests and
hashing algorithms are used in visual cryptography to
ensure the integrity of data. From research papers and
journals which discuss some of the most significant
applications of visual cryptography, we have gained an
understanding of four different application areas of visual
cryptography in this article.
2. Using a novel approach to hide secret data programs in
files:
A large amount of documentation files is generated as a
result of all software development projects and large-size
programs, regardless of their application. Documentation
is a very important aspect of fall styles for software and
programs. It gives other programmers an idea of what the
program does, how it works, and what it does for them.
Your work is better understood by others and your team
members through documentation. Through this work, we
will study a system for hiding important and confidential
information in software documents and programs with
different layers of security. In this way, the stego file is
undoubtedly capable of being sent anywhere via any
channel. Experimental results indicate that the proposed
method is usable and feasible.
3. Using Random Grids to hide Recursive Data:
This article presents the strategy of recursive data hiding
of secret images by using random grids, which hides the
extra secret data within the shares of the comparatively
larger secret in an exceedingly recursive way. Data
conveyed per bit as a result of the proposed method is
nearly a hundred percent higher and the size of each tiny
share is the same as the size of the original secret image
without requiring any expansion. Compared to large
shares, the shares are much more suitable for further
processing, such as storage and distribution. Visual
Cryptography Scheme (VCS), which breaks a secret image
into shared images after encrypting it using recursive
visual cryptography, may be a perfectly secure method
that allows authenticating images using recursive visual
cryptography. The advantage and uniqueness of VCS is
that they can be decoded without complex computational
methods and hardware. By applying the recursive image
clipping scheme to a recursive VCS (RVCS) Grant decode
aguruparan and Kak reinforced the embedding
information efficiency of the key near hundred percent by
concealing the key images, as explained in the previous
article.

3. METHODOLOGY
1. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) :
Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 192
defines AES, also known as Advanced Encryption
Standard, as a United States encryption standard. As of
December 31, 2015, AES is the only algorithm for federal
government use approved in the United States. As of
December 31, 2015, AES is the only algorithm for federal
government use approved in the United States. The AES
algorithm is the only one approved for federal government
use as of December 31, 2015. AES uses blocks of 128 bits
of data. Since the same key is used for encryption and
decryption, the only secret needed for security is the key.
Despite its symmetric nature, AES uses the same key to
both encrypt and decrypt data. An AES key can have a
length of 128 bits, 192 bits, or 256 bits. The key length is
specified in the AES standard, and the algorithms are
named based on the key length. It has been a long time
since the Data Encryption Standard (DES) was developed.
New encryption standards such as AES have been
developed in response to the disadvantages of DES. These
parameters are explicitly defined in this standard,
including key lengths (Nk), block sizes (Nb), and round
count (Nr).
Operation of AES :
Multi-linked operations are used to replace inputs with
specific output substitutions and to shuffle bits around
during another operation. Instead of bits, all computations
are carried out using bytes. Matrix processing requires
128 bits arranged in four columns and four rows for a
plaintext block. Comparatively to DES, AES uses more
rounds because of its length.
The schematic structure of AES is given in the following
illustration (Fig. 1).
Fig.1: Operation of AES.
2. Least Significant Bit (LSB) :
Information can be embedded into an image by using LSB
substitution. Steganographic methods also include
masking and filtering. By encoding three bits per pixel in a
24-bit image, the LSB technique enables 24-bit images to
have three bits per pixel. The image's hidden information
can however be destroyed during processing. LSB encodes
three bits into each pixel since each pixel is represented by
three bytes.
Using the least significant bit (LSB) embedding method,
steganography strategies can easily be implemented.
Using this technique, bits of information in each pixel are
replaced with information from the image data.
Steganography embeds the data and transforms it into an
invisible cover that cannot be detected by a casual
observer. By embedding data into an image using least
significant bits, regardless of the bit-plane on which it lies,
data is embedded regardless of the bit-plane on which it
lies.
4. MODELING AND ANALYSIS
There are two ways to secure data transmission:
steganography and cryptography. Both have their own
advantages and techniques, but combining them will
result in a more advanced method. Our method combines
AES and LSB in order to transmit data in a secure manner.
In this method, secret data is encrypted with 256-bit keys,
then hidden in images by LSB using encrypted data. AES is
used to encrypt secret data and LSB is used to hide
encrypted data.
Encryption :
Below is an illustration of the encryption algorithm for the
proposed system (Fig. 2):
1. Put in your secret message.
2. AES should be used with a strong 256-bit key to encrypt
the secret message.
3. Create a byte array from the encrypted message.
4. Upload the cover image.
5. Calculate the resolution of the cover image.
6. Determine each pixel's RGB value.
7. Set the LSB to 0 in every pixel.
8. Get the encrypted message bits and hide them in the
low-order bits of pixels.
9. Repeat steps 8 and 9 until the entire encrypted message
is hidden within the cover image.

Fig.2: Encryption
Decryption :
Below is an illustration of the decryption algorithm for the
proposed system (Fig. 3):
1. Put the stego image in.
2. Determine the pixel value of the stego image.
3. Count all the consecutive zeros in the image until one
finds the 8th consecutive zero.
4. To create a byte array, get the LSB from each pixel.
5. By using a 256-bit key and AES encryption, decrypt the
byte array.
Fig.3: Decryption
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Data is highly hidden by the proposed method, and a high
level of security is provided. The implementation was
done
in Java. Each image is chosen at random. An experiment
was conducted using a variety of images. We then add a
cover image to the secret message and the encrypted
image based on LSB. A higher resolution should be used
for the cover images than for the secret images.
6. CONCLUSION
Personal data, and sensitive data in general, should not be
transferred in the hands of third-parties, where they are
susceptible to attacks and misuse. Instead, users should
own and control their data without compromising security
or limiting companies and authorities ability to provide
personalized services. Through our system, we combine a
method of encryption and decryption in order to provide a
more secure process than before. Even sending over the
internet will be secure. This is because no one will ever be
aware that what you shared was a secret message buried
under the image file.
7. FUTURE SCOPE
1. It is certain that this application will improve security
while sharing data between different systems, such as
medical, security, and many others.
2. Furthermore, we can work on different file formats and
make it more extensible to other extensions.
3. In fact, we can actually design an application to share
media as a more advanced version of this application with
the aid of recent technology.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our college, the Sandip Institute of Engineering and
Management, reviewed our proposal and supported us
throughout the data collection process. Thank you for your
prompt support and guidance in answering our questions,
which you provided with your years of experience in this
industry. Dr. K. C. Nalavade (HOD) of the Computer
Engineering Department, along with Prof. H. P. Bhabad,
are our project guides. We found them to be a ray of hope
on our journey.
In appreciation of the valuable input and advice you
provided us throughout the development of this project,
we would like to thank all our faculty members. Their
contributions are so significant in so many ways that it is
difficult to recognize them individually.

REFERENCES
[1] Shyamalendu Kandar, Arnab Maiti and Bibhas Chandra
Dhara, Visual Cryptography Scheme for Color Image Using
Random Number with Enveloping by Digital
Watermarking, IJCSI International Journal of Computer
Science Issues, vol.8, issue 3, no.1, May 2011.
[2] Som S., Banerjee Mandira, (2013) Cryptographic
Technique Using Substitution Through Circular Path
Followed By Genetic Function, International Journal of
Computer Applications (IJCA), ISSN: 0975 8887, Impact
Factor: 2.0973, ISBN: 97393- 80873-34-0
CCSN2012/Number 4, March 2013.
[3] Ibrahim F. Elashry, Osama S. Faragallah, Alaa M. Abbas,
S. ElRabaieFathi E. Abd El-Samie, A New Method for
Encrypting Images with Few Details Using Rijndael and
RC6 Block Ciphers in the Electronic Code Book Mode,
Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, 21:4,
193-205, 5 June 2012.
[4] Sachin Kumar and R. K. Sharma, Recursive Information
Hiding of Secrets by Random Grids, Cryptologia, 37:2, 154-
161, 1 April 2013.
[5] Hsien-Chu Wu, Hao-Cheng Wang and Rui-Wen Yu,
(2008), ”Color Visual Cryptography Scheme Using
Meaningful Shares,” in Intelligent Systems Design and
Applications, 2008. ISDA ’08. Eighth International
Conference, vol.3, pp.173-178, 26-28 Nov. 2008.
[6] Rajesh Kumar Tiwari G. Sahoo, A Novel Methodology
for Data Hiding in PDF Files, Information Security Journal:
A Global Perspective, 20:1, 45-57, 7 July 2013.
[7] Ching-Nung Yang Tse-Shih Chen,Security Analysis of
Authentication of Images Using Recursive Visual
Cryptography, Cryptologia, 32:2, 131-136, 19 May 2014.
[8] Amit Phadikar Santi P. Maity, On Security of
Compressed Gray Scale Image Using Joint Encryption and
Data Hiding, Information Security Journal: A Global
Perspective, 20:6, 274289, 11 Nov. 2011.
[9] Nuh Aydin, Enhancing Undergraduate Mathematics
Curriculum Via Coding Theory and Cryptography, PRIMUS,
19:3, 296309, 29 April 2013.
[10] Kirtan Patel, Pradhyum Khairnar and Pranav Mankar,
Activity Spotter During Medical Treatment Using Visual
Cryptography Technique, International Research Journal
of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science
(IRJMETS), ISSN: 2582-5208, Volume:
04/Issue:01/January-2022.

ACTIVITY SPOTTER DURING MEDICAL TREATMENT USING VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE

More Related Content

Similar to ACTIVITY SPOTTER DURING MEDICAL TREATMENT USING VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE (20)

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

ACTIVITY SPOTTER DURING MEDICAL TREATMENT USING VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE