acute abdomen signs and symptoms presentation

Acute Abdomen
• Signs And symptoms of Pain Abdomen and Tenderness.
• Surgical
• Medical

Endocrine and Metabolic Causes
• Acute intermittent porphyria
• Addisonian crisis
• Diabetic crisis
• Hereditary Mediterranean fever
• Uremia
Hematologic Causes
• Acute leukemia
• Sickle cell crisis
Toxins and Drugs
• Black widow spider poisoning
• Lead poisoning
• Other heavy metal poisoning
• Narcotic withdrawa
• Hemorrhage
• Aortoduodenal fistula after aortic vascular graft
• Arteriovenous malformation of the gastrointestinal tract
• Bleeding gastrointestinal diverticulum
• Hemorrhagic pancreatitis
• Intestinal ulceration
• Leaking or ruptured arterial aneurysm
• Mallory-Weiss syndrome
• Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
• Solid organ trauma
• Spontaneous splenic rupture
• Infection
• Appendicitis
• Cholecystitis
• Diverticulitis
• Hepatic abscess
• Meckel diverticulitis
• Psoas abscess
• Ischemia
• Buerger disease
• Ischemic colitis
• Mesenteric thrombosis or embolism
• Ovarian torsion
• Strangulated hernia
• Testicular torsion
• Obstruction
• Cecal volvulus
• Gastrointestinal malignancy
• Incarcerated hernias
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Intussusception
• Sigmoid volvulus
• Small bowel obstruction
• Perforation
• Boerhaave syndrome
• Perforated diverticulum
• Perforated gastrointestinal cancer
• Perforated gastrointestinal ulce

Anatomy & Physiology
• Abdominal Pain-
• Visceral- Vague pain
• Origin of pain- fore / mid/ hindgut based on the region
• Distension of hollow viscus
• Parietal- Sharp and better localised
• Nerve roots supplying peritoneum
• Referred- perceived at site distant from the source of pain

• Bacterial/ visceral contents …. Peritoneal cavity…
• Increase blood flow
• Increade dpermeability
• Fibronous exudates
• Adhesions
• Loss of motility

• Peritonitis – Peritoneal inflammation
• MC – Gram negative organism ( enteric org/ anaerobe)
• Primary peritonitis- Peritoneal dialysis- streptococcal sp
• Severe tenderness
• +- guarding rigidity

History
• Essential- DD
• Focus-
• Onset
• Nature of pain
• Associated symptoms
• Progression
• Radiation
• H/o previous surgery

acute abdomen signs and symptoms presentation

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