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Similar to adolescent reproductive health discussion to the senior high schools
adolescent reproductive health discussion to the senior high schools
- 1. Adolescent Sexuality and ReproductiveHealth (ASRH) “Ang pag-aaral ay para sa hinaharap, huwag ipagpalit sa sandaling sarap”
- 2. Pre-Test 1. A periodof transition from childhood to adulthood? 2. 3 Characteristics of Love? 3. Surest way to avid pregnancy and STI 4. An infection transmitted through sexual contact but may also be transmitted through non-sexual means? 5. What does HIV mean? 6. Common signs and symptoms of STI?
- 3. Topic Outline • Rationaleof ASRH classes (Situation of Filipino adolescence and youth in Western Mindanao) • Defining Adolescence • Understanding Sexuality • Fertility Orientation Session • Love and Myths & Misconceptions About Love • Early Sexual Initiation and Teenage Pregnancy • STIs/HIV/AIDS (causes, effects, prevention, treatment)
- 4. At the endof the 3-hour session, that students must be able to: • Understand the current situation of adolescents and youth in the region; • Define sexuality and understand basic concepts of fertility in relation to responsible sexuality and sexual behavior; • Learn how to handle a healthy romantic relationship that is based on love and respect • Strengthen self-awareness, creative thinking and interpersonal relationship • know the different kinds of STIs and its mode of transmission • Develop skills in saying “NO” to early sexual initiation
- 5. Situation of Adolescents andYouth of Western Mindanao
- 6. 36.2 40.1 19.0 71.3 38.2 Male Female 15-1920-24 All youth 2 IN 5 youth in Region IX already have sexual experience AGE SEX PERCENT OF YOUTH WHO HAVE SEXUAL EXPERIENCE
- 7. 18.5 17.6 17.518.2 18.1 18.0 1994 2002 2013 1994 2002 2013 MALES Younging of the sexual onset in both males and females FEMALES MEAN AGE AT FIRST SEX
- 8. More than 1in 5 Region IX youth have engaged in premarital sex
- 9. PERCENT OF YOUTHWHO DID NOT USE ANY FORM OF PROTECTION AGAINST PREGNANCY AND/OR STIs DURING THEIR 1st PREMARITAL SEX 9 in 10 of Region IX youth’s 1st premarital sex were unprotected against pregnancy and/or STIs
- 10.
- 11. What comes toyour mind when you hear the word “Adolescence”?
- 12. Definition of Adolescence Adolescents(comprise 10-19 age group) Youth (composed of 15-24 age group) • A period of transition from childhood to adulthood • When an individual is no longer a child... BUT...not yet an adult • An individual undergoes enormous physical, psychological, mental / cognitive changes • In terms of physical development, it is a period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, and ending with the cessation of bodily changes • From concrete thinking, develops the capacity for abstract and critical thinking
- 13. What is PUBERTY Whendoes puberty start? For GIRLS average at 10 years as early as 8 years as late as 13 years Each adolescent has his/ her Unique tempo …. Biological changes vary in time of onset and duration.....YET....these changes fall into definite and predictable patterns For BOYS average at 11 years as early as 9 years as late as 14 years For Boys: consistently 2 years later than girls
- 14. Puberty is almostsynonymous with adolescence refers to the biological changes that occur during the transition from childhood to adulthood Is the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics as a result of hormonal stimulation (Luteinizing Hormones, Follicle Stimulating Hormones ) is not an isolated event… but represents a transitional period on the continuum between the juvenile state and adulthood What is PUBERTY
- 15. CHANGING BODY GroupExercise “NAGKAKAROON, TUMUTUBO, LUMALAKI, LUMALAPAD” exercise Draw-out ideas from the group about the different male and female body parts… *NAGKAKAROON * TUMUTUBO *LUMALAKI *LUMALAPAD DURING ADOLESCENCE
- 16. FEMALE MALE 1. BreastBudding (lumalaki) 1. Growth of testes and scrotum (lumalaki) 2. Growth of Bony Pelvis (lumalaki) 2. Straight pubic hairs (tumutubo) 3. Growth spurt (lumalaki) 3. First ejaculation (nagkakaroon) 4. Pubic hair (tumutubo) 4. Growth spurt (lumalaki) 5. First menstrual period or menarche (nagkakaroon) 5. Voice change – growth of larynx (lumalaki) 6. Underarm hair and coarser body hair (tumutubo) 6. Underarm and coarser body hair (tumutubo) 7. Oil and sweat – producing glands (nagkakaroon) 7. Oil & sweat glands activated (nagkakaroon) 8. Completion of growth of uterus and vagina (lumalaki) 8. Facial hair (tumutubo) Physical Body Changes
- 17. Key Learning Points The physical changes during adolescence can affect the body image of young person – It is important to develop a positive body image as it affects ones self-esteem It is also important to take good care and respect oneself – Avoid engaging in activities that can threaten ones health and good future – Observe proper hygiene and grooming like taking a bath daily, wearing clean clothes, regular brushing of teeth etc.
- 18.
- 19. Concept of Sexuality “Whatcomes to your mind when you hear the word SEXUALITY?”
- 20. More encompassingthan sex (which is the biological differentiation between a male and a female). Aside from sex, it: Refers to the quality of being sexual (or the capability to feel sexual arousal or pleasure), and generally used in reference to the human being. In humans, sexuality encompasses the entire bio- psycho-social complex related to the maleness or femaleness of the individual, including values, attitudes, appearance, etc., as it manifests in the personality of the individual. SEXUALITY
- 21. It isthe total personhood development experience of a person that include: ―Human development – psychosocial development, physical changes and development ―Relationships – building relationships with others; relating with others e.g. nurturing / loving / caring relationships or in abusive relationship ―Gender socialization – behaviours of males and females ―Sexual behaviour - sexual orientation ( straight male or female, lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender) and preferences, sexual activities ―Sexual health – healthy sexual practices, e.g., abstinence, use of protection to avoid STI-HIV AIDS and to avoid unplanned pregnancy, seeking health professionals for care. SEXUALITY
- 22. Our sexualityis a product of what we are born with, and our own unique life experiences that have shaped our attitudes, feelings and values towards ourselves and towards other people. Sexuality helps us: ―define our feelings of self-worth ―It is one of the most important factors that shape our identity ―Helps us define who we are
- 23. Some ofthe most difficult choices and decisions you will make as an adolescent will be related to your sexuality — Basing sexuality-related decisions on misinformation or false beliefs can have serious and distressing consequences such as: unintended pregnancy sexually transmitted infection engage in unhealthy and abusive relationship Not valuing oneself Life skills (such as self-awareness, interpersonal, critical and creative thinking, decision-making skills) is an essential element in all above components of sexuality
- 25. Human FERTILITY • isabout having a baby • is composed of certain parts of the human body – the male and female reproductive system and of the brain.
- 28.
- 29. Male Reproductive System TestesScrotum Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Cowpers gland Urethra Penis
- 30.
- 31.
- 32. Female Reproductive System Ovary Uterus Uterinelining Cervix Vagina Fallopian tube
- 33.
- 34. • Starts fromthe first day of the woman’s menstrual period and ends on the day before she begins her next menstrual period. The MENSTRUAL CYCLE
- 35. Phases of theMenstrual Cycle MENSTRUATION PRE-OVULATORY OVULATORY POST- OVULATORY
- 36. JOINT FERTILITY DIAGRAM Lovemaking Puberty Male + Death MenstruationOvulation ☼ ☼ Cycle Female Puberty Menopause
- 37.
- 38. *TUNAY NA PAG-IBIGAT TAMANG PAGMAMAHAL LOVE , LOVING , and ITS RESPONSIBILITIES
- 39. “PARA SA INYO, ANO BA TOTOONG PAG-IBIG or LOVE ?”
- 40. “WHAT IS TRUELOVE?” St. Paul said, LOVE begins with LOVING ONESELF first Loving oneself means : • Knowing and accepting oneself - your values in life, strengths, weaknesses, aspirations, also accepting oneself including imperfections ..... • Nurturing oneself - nurture your physical, mental, psychological, spiritual growth and development • Valuing oneself (pagpapahalaga) • Respecting oneself (Paggalang)
- 41. • Loving anotherperson means .... caring deeply for that person and being committed to his or her well- being and happiness • Love has characteristics: care responsibility respect
- 42.
- 43. MISCONCEPTION 1:FALLING INLOVE Is LOVE • Falling in love is not yet TRUE LOVE because it is temporary. • Often a thrilling ““KILIG” moments” experience. More of infatuation Caution: sobrang PDA at intimacy lalo na kung bago pa lang ang relationship
- 44. MISCONCEPTION 2 MYTHOF ROMANTIC LOVE • REAL LOVE is NOT a like a romantic fairy tale “living happily ever after” • myth na may isang taong itinadhana para sa ‘yo kaya forever na yon • What if ang akala mong itinadhana sa yo ay isang abusado? Magtitiis ka ba?
- 45. EMOTIONAL DEPENDENCY nourishes infantilism,rather than growth • It is anti –love, which is nurturing growth DRUGS Coz I have become So dependent on MISCONCEPTION 3: PASSIVE or EMOTIONAL DEPENDENCY
- 46. • Adolescents mayrush into close physical intimacy even though they might not sure if its true love • Which may lead to early sexual initiation
- 47.
- 48. Exercise “REASONS WHY ADOLESCENTS& YOUTH SAY YES TO SEX” Why do think adolescents and youth engage in sex?
- 49. Some reasons YPsay yes to sex CURIOSITY- drives many teenagers to experiment on sex without knowing its possible consequences such as pregnancy. REBELLION – against family or authority figures, or social norms. CONFORMITY – young people say YES to sex because most of his / her peers, or even an assumption that his/ her social group have already experienced sex. Also peer pressure may make young people say YES to sex.
- 50. SEXUAL CONQUEST –males have the tendency to count the number of sexual experiences /relationships. to prove their machismo PHYSICAL SATISFACTION – to satisfy one’s sexual urges, young people say YES to sex “SAVE” THE RELATIONSHIP – sometimes young women, may say YES to sex to “save” the troubling relationship FEEL INTIMATE AND CARED FOR – for older youths who have found true love, feel intimate and cared for, may say YES to sex express intimate feelings. Some reasons YP say yes to sex
- 51. Early sexual initiationmay lead to unplanned and too early pregnancy.
- 52. ..... early sexual initiationmay have negative consequences...
- 53.
- 54. “What do youthink will happen to the life of a boy or a girl if he/she becomes father or mother at teen age?”
- 55. RISK TOHEALTH Adolescents have not yet reached full reproductive capability. – The maternal death rate for pregnant teen is 2-5 times than that of adult pregnant women. – Poor maternal weight gain, pregnancy induced hypertension, anemia, bleeding are some of the complications during and after delivery. Some pregnant adolescents choose induced abortion – Abortion is illegal, so it is usually done in ways that are not medically accepted, that threaten the life of the mother due to complications like bleeding, infections / sepsis which may result to death
- 56. SOCIAL RISK –social stigma still exist for unmarried teen moms. Pregnancy also delays education, which further reduces economic potential and parenting ability. ECONOMIC – young mothers with less economic support from parents leads to poor nutrition and health care for both the mother and the child. – Support from the child’s father is usually minimal or none at all. – Opportunities for employment are fewer, especially if educational attainment has been impaired .
- 57. EMOTIONAL – youngmother and young father adolescents are not emotionally mature enough to be parents. – if a marriage is forced on the pregnant adolescent, or if she rushes into it, it may not be a satisfactory solution and it has a higher probability of ending in failure.
- 58. AVOIDING TEEN PREGNANCY KEEPING ABSTINENT is the surest way to avoid pregnancy and other problems, such as sexually transmitted infections. Abstinence requires self- discipline. Saying no to sexual intimacies is the best way to safeguard your future and protect yourself.
- 60. What does Sexually TransmittedInfection mean?
- 61. Philippine National AIDSCouncil Source of graphic: the-sticlinic.com
- 62. Trichomonas Genitalherpes Genital warts Genital molluscum HIV Hepatitis B * Gonorrhea Syphilis Chlamydia Chancroid Protozoal Viral Bacterial Candidiasis Skin Parasites Fungal Pubic Lice Scabies passed on by close body contact & do not require actual penetrative intercourse
- 63. Pain passing urineSevere itchiness Pain Yellowish/abnormal discharge Ulcerations Abdominal pain
- 64. Source: UNAIDS. Trainingmanual on HIV & AIDS for Catholic Church pastoral workers. Makati: UNAIDS. 2007. This virus can only infect human beings The effect of the virus is to create a deficiency (a failure to work properly) within the body’s immune system This organism is a retro virus, which means it can reproduce itself by taking over the machinery of the human cell
- 65.
- 66. ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME The infection maybe transmitted from one person to another The immune system is compromised The body can no longer fight off infections; individual may suffer from two or more opportunistic infections A person experiences a collection of symptoms which could be fatal Philippine National AIDS Council
- 67. Philippine National AIDSCouncil Source of illustration: DOH, Remedios AIDS Foundation, UNICEF
- 68. ► Blood transfusionfrom an HIV-infected donor & sharing of infected syringes and needles Philippine National AIDS Council Source: DOH, Remedios AIDS Foundation, UNICEF
- 69. From an HIV- infected mother to herchild Philippine National AIDS Council ► During pregnancy ►natural delivery ► breast- feeding Source of illustrations: DOH, Remedios AIDS Foundation, UNICEF
- 70. Swimming pools Philippine NationalAIDS Council Casual contacts (sharing food and utensils, shaking hands, hugging or kissing, coughing, sneezing, using public phone, visiting a hospital) Feces, urine, saliva, sweat, tears Donating blood Sharing toilets Insect bites Sources of illustrations: DOH, Remedios AIDS Foundation, UNICEF; UNODC
- 71. ducate your self PhilippineNational AIDS Council BSTINENCE: Do not have sex. In the case of adolescents, delaying sexual debut (age of first sexual encounter) will help. E GOD fearing: Strengthen your spiritual life. ONSULT your parents. Your parents know what is best for you. O NOT inject drugs, don’t drink & smoke
- 72. Philippine National AIDSCouncil ♠ Drug use and excessive alcohol intake can impair an individual’s decision-making process, putting him/her in a situation where infection may occur. ♠ The risk of HIV transmission can be reduced if individuals would change their risky behaviors and practices. ♠ Education is important. People should be provided with correct, accurate, and reliable information on how they can protect themselves from HIV.
- 73. Philippine National AIDSCouncil STI, generally acquired thru unsafe sexual contact, is caused by microorganisms that include HIV. A person with STI is thus more vulnerable to HIV. HIV, acquired in the same manner as most STIs, is a microorganism that attacks and destroys the human immune system. This leads to a condition known as AIDS, where the body no longer has a functioning immune system to ward off opportunistic infections and malignancies, which ultimately prove fatal.
- 74. Philippine National AIDSCouncil
- 75. • Unplanned teenagepregnancy, abortion and sexually transmitted infections are just some of the common consequences of sexual activity and irresponsible sexual behaviour or irresponsible practice of one’s sexuality. • These consequences may negatively affect a young person’s health and future
- 76. It is theresponsibility of adolescents and youth to: • Responsibility to one’s self in the aspects of sexuality and reproduction. • Responsibility in the development and correct management of one’s sexual capacity. • Responsibility to develop into a mature adult, to avoid behaviours and activities that will hinder the achievement of their development, such as, avoiding unplanned pregnancies and teen marriages.
- 77.