Adoption of Next-Generation 5G Wireless Technology for “Smarter” Grid Design; An Overview

Adoption of Next-Generation 5G Wireless Technology for “Smarter” Grid Design; An Overview

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  Adoption of Next- Generation5G Wireless Technology for “Smarter” Grid Design; An Overview Alidu Abubakari TelecommunicationResearcher Korea ElectricPower Research Institute(KEPRI) South Korea
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  Presentation Overview The Evolutionof Mobile Communication 5G Overview & Enabling Technologies Expectations for the future Grid Conclusion & Takeaways 5G Communications for ‘Smarter’ Grid Smart Grid Evolution
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  The Evolution ofMobile Communication Yesterday Now Future 2G 3G 4G 5G GSM/EDGE WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE LTE-A IMT2020 5G ???
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  Core Network evolutionfrom 2G towards 5G
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  5G Overview The followingare some of the main expectations of 5G network to improve the telecommunication infrastructure. 5G aims to support several simultaneous connections, services and provide a higher data rate.
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  1. eMBB –Enhanced Mobile Broadband: Ultra high-speed connection indoors and outdoors, with uniform quality of service, even on the edges of a cell; 2. mMTC – Massive Machine Type Communications: A very large number of connected devices with disparate quality of service requirements. The objective of this category is to provide a response to the exponential increase in the density of connected objects; 3. uRLLC – Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications: this use case has stringent requirements for capabilities such as latency and packet-loss, to ensure increased reactivity 5G Use Cases eMBB – Enhanced Mobile Broadband mMTC – Massive Machine Type Communications uRLLC – Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications Mission Critical Smart Grid applications, such as supervisory monitoring (cyber monitoring and physical/aerial surveillance), fault localization, isolation/self-healing and energy re-routing, requiring more stringent latency, highest availability and security Massive IoT application Advanced metering applications enabling the massive and lock-in free integration of end-users’ infrastructure requesting more stringent capacity and privacy Smart Grid
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  3GPP 5G ServiceBased Architecture • Access and Mobility Management function (AMF) supports: Termination of NAS signalling, NAS ciphering & integrity protection, registration management, connection management, mobility management, access authentication and authorization, security context management. (AMF has part of the MME functionality from EPC world) • Session Management function (SMF) supports: session management (session establishment, modification, release), UE IP address allocation & management, DHCP functions, termination of NAS signalling related to session management, DL data notification, traffic steering configuration for UPF for proper traffic routing. (AMF has part of the MME and PGW functionality from EPC world) • User plane function (UPF) supports: packet routing & forwarding, packet inspection, QoS handling, acts as external PDU session point of interconnect to Data Network (DN), and is an anchor point for intra- & inter-RAT mobility. (UPF has part of the SGW & PGW functionality from EPC world) • Policy Control Function (PCF) supports: unified policy framework, providing policy rules to CP functions, access subscription information for policy decisions in UDR. (PCF has part of the PCRF functionality from EPC world)
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  • Authentication ServerFunction (AUSF) acts as an authentication server. (part of HSS from EPC world) • Unified Data Management (UDM) supports: generation of Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) credentials, user identification handling, access authorization, subscription management. (part of HSS functionality from EPC world) • Application Function (AF) supports: application influence on traffic routing, accessing NEF, interaction with policy framework for policy control. (same as AF in EPC world) • Network Exposure function (NEF) supports: exposure of capabilities and events, secure provision of information from external application to 3GPP network, translation of internal/external information. (not present in EPC world) • NF Repository function (NRF) supports: service discovery function, maintains NF profile and available NF instances. (not present in EPC world) • Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) supports: selecting of the Network Slice instances to serve the UE, determining the allowed NSSAI, determining the AMF set to be used to serve the UE. (not present in EPC world) 3GPP 5G Service Based Architecture
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  Functional decomposition ofthe 5G RAN
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  5G Network ArchitectureOptions
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  5G Networks Increased data rate & network capacity Densification, FDD, CRN,mMIMO, D2D communication, full duplex radio Multi-RAT, self-heal, densification, CRN, NFV, SDN, C-RAN, RANaaS, CONCERT, Low latency Cache, fast handoff, D2D communication, mobile small- cells, self-heal Scalability Environmental friendly & less money QoSSecurity & privacy Interference & handoff management NFV, SDN, C-RAN, RANaaS, CONCERT Delay-bound QoS, Quality management equipment, multi-links with multi-flow and multi-QoS C-RAN, VLC, mmWave, mMIMO, small- cells, D2D communication, user separation Monitoring and encryption-decryption SIC, advance receiver, joint detection/decoding Inter-tier, intra-tier, and multi-RAT handoff, The inner, middle, and outermost layers present requirements, solutions, and applications of 5G networks, respectively. Two colored wedges highlight primary features of 5G networks. 5G Core Enabling Technologies Under Consideration
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  Smart Grid Overview “Smartgrid” refers to a two-way communication network for electricity grid where devices wirelessly connected are able to remotely detecting status of electricity generations, transmission lines and substations, monitoring consumption of user electricity usage, adjusting the power consumption of household applications to conserve energy, and reduce energy losses. Source: NIST Smart Grid Framework
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  Everyone Has aDifferent Picture Source: BC Hydro The “FERC 4” – Smart Grid Policy Priorities • Wide Area Situational Awareness • Demand Response • Electric Storage • Electric Transportation Added by NIST: • Advanced Metering • Distribution Grid Management • Cyber Security • Network Communications Smart Grid Overview
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  High use ofvariable renewables Distributed generation and microgrids Ubiquitous networked sensors Smart meters and real time usage data Dynamic pricing Energy management systems Smart appliances Distributed storage Bidirectional metering Electric vehicles ITU Symposium-ICT, Environment, Climate May 30, 2012 What Will the Smart Grid Look Like?
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  Expectations of the‘Smarter’ Grid Service 5G infrastructure requirement Communication latency Reliability Requirement Bandwidth Requirement Terminal Node quantity Intelligent Distributed Feeder Automation High High Low High Millisecond Load Control High High Medium/Low Medium Data acquisition for distribution Automation Low Medium Medium High DER monitoring and Control high High Low High Distributed energy storage coordination high High Low Low Fault localization and self- restoration High High Medium Medium Smart Metering (Data acquisition) Medium High Low High Microgrid Coordination High High Medium High Electric Vehicles (V2X) High High Medium High This table provides the list of expected services of the future ‘smarter’ grid and the key performance requirements the 5G infrastructure will provide.
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  ‘Smarter grids’ –5G KPI The key requirements of smarter grids for communications networks are as follows:  Massive access: millions of to tens of millions of terminals  Low latency: Distributed power supply management includes uplink data collection and downlink control. Downlink control flows require second-level latency.  High reliability: 99.999%  High security  Extended battery life
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  ‘Smarter’ Grid's Multi-SliceArchitecture Souce: 5G Network Slicing Enabling the Smart Grid The diversity of power grid services requires a flexible and orchestrated network, high reliability requires isolated networks, and millisecond-level ultra-low latency requires networks with optimal capabilities. A network slice consists of multiple sub-domains and involves the management plane, control plane, and user plane.
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  5G smart metering Smarter metering architecture can be enabled through the adoption of 5G.  Smart metering ensures collection and reliable transmission of networked- sensor data from generation to consumer.  Monitoring the smart grid market domain ensures correct pricing and effective demand/response operation. With the ubiquitous reach of modern cellular networks and the development of low-power wide area protocols, utilities can connect meters easily and inexpensively. And they can benefit from the highly reliable 5G infrastructure.
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  5G Local EdgeProcessing  Edge computing allows data produced by intelligent sensor devices in the power grid to be processed closer to where it is created instead of sending it across long routes to data centers or clouds.  This enables the storage and preprocessing of IEDs which have poor connectivity and thus cannot afford constant connection to a central cloud.  Another use cases have to do with latency-sensitive processing of information which reduces latency because data does not have to traverse over a network to a data center or cloud for processing.  This is ideal for situations where latencies of milliseconds can be untenable, such as alarms. Source: Ericsson
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  Distributed intelligence, higherperformance, improved efficiency, parallel multiple services, preventive maintenance etc. High efficiency, 2 way power-communication exchange, DER integration, Smart metering, customer-engagement, outage maintenance etc. Conclusion & Takeaways Intelligent Automation Intelligent Autonomy