Advanced Database Administration 10g

Advanced Database Management
Enterprise Manager 12c
Thomas Kyte
http://asktom.oracle.com/

The following is intended to outline our general product
direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and
may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality,
and should not be relied upon in making purchasing
decisions. The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

of DBAs admit doing
nothing to address
performance issues

Deliver Highest Service Quality with Lowest Risk & Effort
DATABASE
CLOUD SERVICES
ENGINEERED
SYSTEMS
CHANGE
MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
EXTREME DATABASE MANAGEMENT

Manageability Evolution
Continuous Innovation
Adaptive
Auto-Tuning
Integrated
Advisory
Low-Impact
Instrumentation
R2

Manageability Evolution
Continuous Improvement
26% Less Time 31% Fewer Steps
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Time
Oracle9i Database
Oracle Database 10g
Oracle Database 11g
Steps

Boost Administrator
Productivity
Eliminate Performance
Bottlenecks
Lower IT Management
Costs
Deliver Higher Quality of
Service
Automatic Performance Diagnostics
Maximize Performance With Self-Managing Database
• Sustain maximum performance with self-managing database
• Top-down analysis using Automatic Workload Repository snapshots
• Real-time performance analysis with Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor
• Resolve performance issues faster with drill-down root-cause analysis
• Classification tree based on Oracle performance tuning expertise
• Performance expert; now a RAC specialist too in Oracle Database 11g
Automatic Workload
Repository Snapshots
Performance &
Management
Advisors
High
Load
SQL
RAC
Issues
IO / CPU
Issues
Self-Diagnostic
Engine

Unresponsive Database Problem
• How do I diagnose a slow or hung database?
– If the database is unresponsive, I can’t even login!
• Should I just bounce the database?
– All in-flight operations will be aborted
– All diagnostic information will be lost
– If I could only know which blocking session to kill!

Real-Time ADDM—Architecture
• Makes a lightweight connection without acquiring additional locks and
resources, bypassing the SQL layer through the agent
• Also attempts to initiate standard JDBC connection
• Data returned by either connection is analyzed by ADDM
EM Agent
JDBC Connection
Diagnostic Connection
Database
ADDM
Analysis
Hangs
Latches
Deadlocks

Real-Time ADDM
• Real-time analysis of hang or slow database systems
• Holistically identify global resource contentions and deadlocks
• Quantified performance impact
• Precise, actionable recommendations
• Supports single instance & RAC

Top Issues Identified by Real-Time ADDM
Resource Constraints
• CPU Bound Hosts
• Memory Paging
• I/O Bound
• Interconnect Bound
Hangs
• Instance Shutting Down
• Top Blocker Analysis
• Memory Pool Flushing
• ASM Unresponsive
Memory Issues
• Library Cache Issues
• Memory Allocation Issues
• Excessive PGA growth
Resource Limits Reached
• Sessions
• Processes
Deadlocks

Comparative Performance Analysis
• Performance yesterday was good, today is
terrible, what happen?
• What changes were made?
• Is someone running a new batch job?
• RAC instance 1 is running much faster than
instance 2, what’s the difference?
• Is there a workload skew?
• Did someone make configuration changes?
09/05/2011

Compare Period ADDM
• Full ADDM analysis across two AWR snapshot periods
• Detects causes, measure effects, then correlates them
• Causes: workload changes, configuration changes
• Effects: regressed SQL, reach resource limits (CPU, I/O, memory, interconnect)
• Makes actionable recommendations along with quantified impact
AWR Snapshot
Period 1
AWR Snapshot
Period 2
Analysis ReportCompare
Period ADDM
SQL Commonality
Regressed SQL
I/O Bound
Undersized SGA

Correlation Rules: Symptoms and Causes
Paging
• Physical memory size
• SGA/PGA Target
Hard/Soft Parse Time
• Cursor sharing
• Shared Pool size
• Session cached cursors
SQL Regressions
• Optimizer parameters
• SQL parameters
Temp I/O
• PGA Aggregate Target

Compare Period ADDM: Report
09/05/2011
• Reports resource usage for the two periods: CPU, Memory, I/O and Interconnect
• Graphic report shows DB Time over comparison periods
• Reports SQL commonality – how similar was the SQL between two time periods

Active Session History (ASH) Analytics
• Graphical ASH report for advanced
analysis
• Select any time period for analysis
• Analyze performance across many
dimensions
• Provides visual filtering for recursive drill-
downs
• Different visualizations: Stacked chart or
Tree Map
• Collaborate with others using Active
Reports

ASH Analytics Performance Dimensions
SQL
SQL ID
Plan Hash
Operation
OpCode
PL/SQL
PL/SQL
Top Level
PL/SQL
Resources
Wait Class
Wait Event
Object
Blocking
Session
Identifiers
Instance
Services
User
Session
Parallel
Process
Program
Session
Type
Attributes
Consumer
Group
Module
Action
Client
Trans. ID
ASH
SQL
PL/SQL
Resource
Consump-
tion
Session
Identifiers
Session
Attributes

Automatic SQL Tuning
• Automatic SQL Tuning
• Captures high-load SQL
• Tunes SQL using SQL Profiles
• Implements greatly improved SQL plans (optional)
• Performance benefit of advice provided
• SQL Profiling tunes execution plan without changing SQL text
• Enables transparent tuning for packaged applications
Applications
High-Load
Packaged Apps +
SQL Profile
Customizable Apps + SQL
Advice
Customizable Apps +
Indexes & MVs + Partitions
Well-Tuned SQL
Automatic Tuning Optimizer

Automatic SQL Tuning
New in Oracle Database 11g Release 2
• SQL Tuning Advisor
• Identifies alternative execution plans using real-time and historical performance
data
• Enables recovery from unexpected SQL plan changes
• Recommends appropriate degree of parallelism for best performance
SQL Profiling
Statistics Analysis
Access Path Analysis
SQL Restructure Analysis
Alternative Plan Analysis
Parallel Query Analysis
Automatic Tuning Optimizer
Administrator
Comprehensive SQL Tuning Recommendations
Gather Missing or Stale
Statistics
Create a SQL Profile
Add Missing Access
Structures
Modify SQL Constructs
Adopt Alternative
Execution Plan
Create Parallel SQL Profile
SQL Tuning
Advisor

Real-Time SQL Monitoring
Looking Inside SQL Execution
• Automatically monitors long running SQL
• Enabled out-of-the-box with no performance overhead
• Monitors each SQL execution
• Exposes monitoring statistics
• Global execution level
• Plan operation level
• Parallel execution level
• Guides tuning efforts
• NEW: Bind values shown
• NEW: SQL level metrics
• CPU, I/O requests, throughput, PGA, temp space
• NEW: Graphical explain plan
• NEW: I/O statistics for each operation

Real-Time PL/SQL Monitoring
New in Oracle Database 11g Release 2
• PL/SQL execution no longer a “black box”
• Answers questions like “why did my DBMS_STATS job take twice as long this time?”
• Shows global (PL/SQL) and SQL level statistics
• Each SQL called by PL/SQL recursively monitored
• Drill-down to slow SQL for diagnosing unexpected PL/SQL behavior

DATABASE
CLOUD SERVICES
ENGINEERED
SYSTEMS
CHANGE
MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%

DATA GROWTH
33% of DBAs handle close to 100
database instances each—with
data stores expanding by more
than 20% per year

Over 50% of DBAs avoid making
changes to production because of
negatively impacting performance
90% experienced unplanned
downtime resulting from Database
changes NOT properly tested
CHANGE—AVOID OR EMBRACE

Test Data Management
Challenges
Error-prone,
manual process
Producing
relationally intact
subset is hard
but necessary
Cannot use
sensitive data
in test without
obfuscation
Full production
copies for test
systems not
cost effective

Data Discovery and Modeling
• Application Data Model (ADM)
– Scans application schemas to model relationships between tables and columns
– Extract data relationships from Oracle Applications meta-data
– Store referential relationships in repository
– Enables test data operations such as data subsetting, masking
• Sensitive Data Discovery & Data Masking
– Pattern-based database scanning
– Import from pre-built mask templates
– Pre-built Data Masking templates for Oracle applications
• Oracle eBusiness Suite
• Oracle Fusion Applications

Capture Clone Mask Test
NAME SSN SALARY
AGUILAR 203-33-3234 40,000
BENSON 323-22-2943 60,000
NAME SSN SALARY
SMITH 111-22-3333 60,000
MILLER 112-23-4567 40,000
• DB Replay capture files
• STS
• AWR snapshots
• Clone prod system
• Consistent masking
across tables, capture
files, STS and AWR
snapshots
• Securely replay
workload & STS
Production Stage Test
Secure Database Testing
Real Application Testing Integration with Data Masking

• Automatic data extraction rules from ADM
• Estimate subset before execution
• Supports in-place subset and export method
• Subset 100 GB  20 GB in 12 minutes using export method
Data Subsetting
Define new
Application
Data Model
Create
Data
Subset
Definition
Extract
Data
Subset
Export /
Import
In-Place
Delete
TestProduction

• Fully automated workflow with change assurance for:
– Database and O/S upgrades & migrations
– Database configuration changes
– Server and storage changes
• Capture workloads from Oracle9i, 10g and 11g databases
Real Application Testing
Reducing time and risk of change
Capture
Workload
Replay
Workload
Analyse
Results
© 2010 Oracle Corporation

• Plan
• Detect new DB versions in My Oracle Support
• Suggest best upgrade path for patch compatibility
• In-context reference to Upgrade documentation
• Analyze
• Check databases for upgradeability (Space, version,
invalid objects, etc)
• Deploy
• Mass deploy binaries to all targets
• Long-running upgrade process can be paused and
resumed by the user
• Switch
• Switch instances to new installations
• Easy switchback if needed
Database Upgrade Automation

DATABASE
CLOUD SERVICES
ENGINEERED
SYSTEMS
CHANGE
MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%

Exadata Management
Integrated View of Hardware and Software
• Hardware view
• Schematic of cells, compute nodes &
switches
• Hardware components alerts
• Software/system view
• Performance, availability, usage by
databases, services, clusters
• Software alerts from db, cluster, ASM
• Topology view of DB systems/clusters
• Configuration view
• Version summary of all components
along with patch recommendations

Storage Cell Performance
• Composite cell health
indicators
• Drill down from
database Performance
page
• Helps triage
• Load imbalance
• ASM problems
• Cell configuration
issues
• Cell software or
hardware failures
• Network failures

Storage Cell Management
• Storage Cell monitoring and administration support
– Cell Home page and performance pages
– Actions supported: Start/stop Cell, verify connectivity, setup SSH, execute Cellcli on cells
– Setup IORM for database targets
• Management by Cell Group
– All cells used by a database automatically placed in a group
– Cell Group level administration operations (batch job monitoring)

Infiniband Network Monitoring
• Infiniband network and switches as EM
targets
• Network home page and performance page
– real time and historical
• Network topology view
• Perform admin tasks such as enable/disable
port, clear performance/error counters
• Full monitoring
• Alerts (switch generated and EM
generated)
• Performance metrics
• Configuration metrics – detect and notify
configuration changes/best practice
violations

Consolidation Challenges
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Application A
CPU
Utilization
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Application B
CPU
Utilization 
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Application A
CPU
Utilization 
• Applications have
different workload &
resource profiles
• Before consolidation,
analyze multiple
resources
– CPU
– Memory
– Storage
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Combined
CPU
Utilization 
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Application B
CPU
Utilization 
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Combined
CPU
Utilization


Consolidation Planner
Determines candidates for consolidation
• Identifies under- and over-utilized server
• Works for physical and virtual environments
Benefits
• Maximizes server density
• Minimizes resource contention
• Maintains performance commitment
• Satisfies business, compliance, and technical constraints

Consolidation Planner
• Target resource utilization and
configuration data extracted from
Enterprise Manager repository
– CPU, memory, storage, network
– Over a representative period
• Administrator specifies servers and
constraints for workload migration
– Physical/virtual servers
– Existing/planned servers
– Business/technical constraints
• Reports detail how consolidated
workloads would perform on target
servers

DATABASE
CLOUD SERVICES
ENGINEERED
SYSTEMS
CHANGE
MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%

More than 21% will provide a private
Database platform as a Cloud service

Database-as-a-Service
Key Features and Benefits
• Self-service paradigm for database deployment and
management
• Pre-packaged, pre-configured database
configurations
• One-click provisioning and deployment of databases
• On-demand scalability of underlying platform
• Metering and chargeback for IT accountability
• Extreme “agility” for developers, with “enterprise”
control for IT

RAC
11.2.0.3
RAC
11.2.0.2
RAC
11.2.0.2
RAC
11.2.0.3
SIDB 10.2.0.5
SIDB 10.2.0.5
SIDB 10.2.0.5
Database-as-a-Service Taxonomy
Cloud
Collection of various zones – Database, OVM…
Database Zones
Logical unit based on configuration, version, etc
Database Software
Oracle Home
Directories, binaries, executables, programs,
scripts, etc. for the Oracle Database
Clusterware
Access to shared storage

Database-as-a-Service Setup
Roles and Responsibilities
Cloud Administrator Self Service Administrator
1 Provision Servers, Storage, and
Network
Manage Cloud Resources
Create Users and Roles
Configure Software Library
Manage Security and Policies
2
3
4
5
2
Provision database software on SI or RAC
servers
Define Deployment Procedures or
Assemblies for database provisioning
Define services in Service Catalog for
deployment by Self-Service users
Assign quotas to Users and Roles
Define access control (map roles to zones)
Setup Chargeback Plans
1
3
5
4
6

Self-Service Provisioning
• Out-of-box console ; no additional
set up required
– Supports custom background
• Rich service catalog:
- Database service
- OVM Templates and Assemblies
- Java applications
• Additional capabilities:
– Backup and Restore
VM/Database
– Basic resource monitoring
– Chargeback information
– Quota monitoring
• Cloud APIs
– RESTFul APIs and CLIs ideal for
Cloud integrators

Cloud Resource and Request Monitoring
• Manage Cloud Zones and
underlying resources
(databases, Server Pools, VMs)
– Track resource flux, tenants,
policy violations, etc
– Drill down into individual
resources for deeper
monitoring
• Monitor requests and failure
rates and identify potential
bottlenecks to remediate

Metering and Chargeback
• Resource usage metering & historical usage
trends
• Leverages metrics in EM repository
– >40 DB, host and VM metrics collected
– Performance metric & Configuration data
• Supports dedicated and shared databases (via
services)
• 24 hour collection schedule for metered targets
• Allows administrator to assign charge rates to
metered resources
– Supports fixed, configuration and usage based
chargeback
• Reports show usage trends and chargeback costs

Database Metering and Chargeback Metrics
Metric Metric Type Aggregation
Dedicated
Base Charge Fixed sum
Backup Charge Fixed sum
CPU Utilization (SPECint®_rate_base2006) Usage avg
CPU Utilization (%) * Usage avg
Edition Config n/a
Version Config n/a
Storage Usage * Config avg
Memory Usage * Config avg
Option Config n/a
Shared
(by Service)
Base Charge Fixed sum
DB Time Usage sum
CPU Time Usage sum
CPU Utilization (%) Usage avg
CPU Utilization (SPECint®_rate_base2006) Usage avg
SQL Executes Usage sum
User Transactions Usage sum
Disk Read Bytes (Physical) Usage sum
Disk Write Bytes (Physical) Usage sum
Network IO Usage avg

PERFORMANCE
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
ASH
Analytics
Compare
Period
ADDM
Real-Time
ADDM
CHANGE
MANAGEMENT
Database
Upgrade
Automation
Data
Subsetting
Secure
Testing
DATABASE
CLOUD SERVICES
Consolidation
Planner
Database-as-
a-Service
Metering and
Chargeback
ENGINEERED
SYSTEMS
Exadata
Management
Consolidation
Planner
EXTREME
DATABASE
MANAGEMENT

Q&A

Advanced Database Administration 10g

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