Download to read offline
ADVICE ON ACADEMIC WRITING, University of Toronto
- 1. ADVICE ON ACADEMIC WRITING COLLEGE:ISFD Nº 41 SUBJECT: PDCE IV TEACHER: Saubidet Stella STUDENT: Campanaro Claudia DATE: May 13th, 2022
- 2. Reading and Researching Research Using the Internet Critical Reading Using Sources How not to Plagiarize Using Quotations Verbs for refering to sources Planning and Organizing Some General Advice on Academic Essay The Transition from High School to University Understanding Essay Topics: A Checklist Writer’s Block Using Thesis Statements Using Topic Sentences Introductions and Conclusions Paragraphs Specific Types of Writing Revising Writing an Annotated Bibliography Editing and Revising The Abstract Faulty Parallelism The Comparative Essay Further Resources Biblio graphy
- 3. Research Using theInternet • Do not rely exclusively on net sources. • Keep a detailed record of sites you visit and the cites you use. • Authority: Who is the author? Has he/she written elsewhere on this topic? • Content Reliability/Accuracy: Is the information factual, not opinion?
- 4. Critical Reading Toward Critical Writing • To readcritically is to make jugdgments about how a text is argued. • Do not read looking only for information. • Do read looking for ways of thinking about the subject matter.
- 5. How Not toPlagiarize Always write down the author, title and publication information. Do not paste passages of online sources into your draft. Using Quotations Paraphrase: in your own words. Provide a reference Summarise the passage to sketch the most essential points.It is shorter than a paraphrase.
- 6. Verbs for Referringto Sources • Reporting verb+ that+ subject+ verb: • Examples: • Da Souza argued that..... • Researches have demonstrated that... • Positives finds that... • Reporting verb+ somebody/something + for + noun/gerund: • Smith criticized Jones for his use of incomplete data • Banting thanked Best for his contribution to the discovery of insulin
- 7. Verbs for Referringto Sources • Reporting verb + somebody/something + as + noun/gerund/ adjective • Jones describes the findings as resting on irrefutable evidence. • Smith and Jones both present their data as conclusive.
- 8. Some General Adviceon Accademic Essay-Writing • An essay should have a single thesis or a short setof closely related points. • It should be designed to present your argument clearly and persuasively. • Check it to be sure that a reader will be able to follow the sequences of ideas within sentences.
- 9. The Transition fromHigh School to University • High School Rules University Expectations • Essay Structure Consists of 3 main point There is no predetermined numbers of point • Have a 5 paragraph structure As many paragraphs as needed. • Thesis Statement: one sentence in lenght 2 or 3 sentences long (or even +) • Conclusion Summary of main points Do not just summarise it • Argument Based on personal opinion Supported by evidence from your sources
- 10. Understanding Essay Topics:A Checklist • Analise behind the surface structure of your source material. • Evaluate ideas and evidence • Argue: consider other viewpoints and defend your own comparison
- 11. Writer's Block • Rereadkey passages from your source materials • Make notes on key ideas or potential evidence • What are the essential points to make about the topic? • Be sure you have a specific topic. • Try a mind-mapping exercise. Write down related ideas from class materials and reseach.
- 12. Using Thesis Statements • Sometheses can be stated in the opening sentences of an essay • Others need a paragraph or two for introduction • Others cannot be fully formulated until the end. Using Topic Sentences • Provide a sketch of the essay's argument. • Usually appears at the very beginning of paragraphs • Relate your topic sentence to your thesis statement to help strengthen coherence.
- 13. Introductions and Conclusions •Introductions: • Raise your topic in your very first sentence. • Avoid sweeping generalizations. • Quote an expert • Give some background information. • Conclusions: • It should not be a summary of your points. • Remind the reader of how the evidence you have presented has contributed to your thesis. • Involves critical thinking.
- 14. Paragraphs • A paragraphis a series of related sentences developing a central idea, called the topic. • In academic writing the topic sentence works best at the begining of a paragraph so that the reader know waht to expect. • Support your ideas by means of examples, details or quotations. • Draw distinctions between the term and other related ones.
- 15. Paragraphs • Show connections.Deliberate repetitions of key words helps. • Specialized linking words: • To reinforce ideas: also, for example, in other words, moreover, in addition. • To change ideas: but, instead, although, on the other hand, yet, however, in contrast, in spite of sth. • To conclude: i n conclusion, therefore, finally, ultimately.
- 16. Writing an AnnotatedBibliography • It gives an account of the research that has been done on a given topic. • It is an alphabetical list of research sources. • It may be one stage in a larger research project or it may be and independent project standing on its own.
- 17. The Abstract • Itis a first impression of the document that follows. • It answers these questions in about 100-250 words: • Why did you do this study or project? • What did you do and how? • What did you find? • What do your findings mean? • Do not repeat or rephrase the title. • Summarise your conclusions as well as your purpose.
- 18. The Comparative Essay It asks thatyou compare at least two items: Positions on an issue Theories Figures Texts Events
- 19. Revising and Editing •Check whether you have fulfilled the intention of the assignment. • Look at overall organization. • Have you drawn conclusions between sections? • Polish and edit your style ( word choice, sentence structure,grammar, punctuation and spelling). • Include a cover page. • Number your pages.
- 20. Faulty Parallelism • Clausesor phrases joined by the conjuctions should have similar grammatical structures • It can be repaired by paying close attention to where you place your verbs. • Problems with parallelism arise from the careless use of clauses beginning with the subordinating conjuction that • Example: he warned me to revise my essay and that I should pay attention.. • He warned me to revise my essay and to pay attention ...
- 21. Further Resources Teaching ReadingComprehension | Writing Readings for Writing Instructors Books on the Process of Reading & Writing Books and Software for Learning English as a Second Language | Writing Books on Study Skills | Writing
- 22. • BIBLIOGRAPHY • ●Freedman, L.(n.d.). Previewing Writing Advice. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May 13th, 2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/researching/preview/ • ●Freedman, L. (n.d.). Skimming and Scanning Writing Advice. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: • May 13th, 2022. . Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/researching/skim-and-scan/ • ●Freedman, L., & Plotnick, J. (n.d.). Introductions and Conclusions Writing Advice. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited:May 13th, 2022. . Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/planning/intros-and- conclusions/ • ●Knott, D. (n.d.). Critical Reading Towards Critical Writing. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited:May 13th, 2022. . Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/researching/critical-reading/ • ●Plotnick, J. (n.d.). Planning and Organizing. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May 13th, 2022. . Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/planning/organizing/ • ●Procter, M. (n.d.). Revising and Editing. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May 13th, 2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/revising/revising-and-editing/ •
- 23. • ●Procter, M.(n.d.). Revising and Editing. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May 13th, 2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/revising/revising-and-editing/ • ●Procter, M. (n.d.). Standard Documentation Formats. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May 13th, 2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/using-sources/documentation/ • ●Procter, M. & Visvis, V. (n.d.). Paragraphs. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: May 13th, 2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/planning/paragraphs/ • ●Procter, M. (n.d.). How Not to Plagiarize. Writing Advice University of Toronto. Last visited: 2021May 13th, 2022. . Available a https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/using-sources/how-not-to- plagiarize/ • ●Vogan, B., & Plotnick, J. (n.d.). The Transition from High School to Univesity Writing. Writing Advice University of Toronto. La st visited: May 13th, 2022. Available at https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/general/transition-to- university/