The document discusses the agency problem and how it arises in different contexts when people entrusted to act on behalf of others instead act in their own self-interest. It defines agency problem as a conflict that arises when agents use their power for personal gain rather than the benefit of the principals. Examples given include lawyers acting for clients, managers for shareholders, and employees for employers. The document explains that agents are naturally motivated by self-interest which may differ from the principals' interests. It suggests some ways to solve agency problems, such as through performance-based compensation, direct shareholder influence, and threats of firing or takeovers.