Agr+3506+l8+sexual+propagation
- 1. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual AGR 3506 Prinsip Sains Tanaman AGR 3506 Ridzwan
- 2. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual Advantages • Most inexpensive • Able to multiply planting material (seeds) most rapidly • Easy to plant • Seeds can be stored over a long period • Greater variation in plants, provide resistance to pests & diseases • Possible to select for new genotypes AGR 3506 Ridzwan 01
- 3. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual Disadvantages • Crops are not uniform • Cannot guarantee quality of the crops • Some seeds are not viable AGR 3506 02
- 4. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual AGR 3506 03 What are seeds ? • the term encompasses : - fruit - Vegetative parts - True seeds • true seeds - embryo - endosperm - Seed coat - testa
- 5. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual Tropical Fruits 04
- 6. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual - Self pollination - Cross pollination AGR 3506 Ridzwan 05 Development of Seeds • Pollination • Fertilization - zygote ® embryo - endosperm
- 7. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual • Process from seeds to seedlings - dependent on seed viability and environment AGR 3506 06 Seed germination • Requirements for germination - temperature - water - oxygen - light?
- 8. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual AGR 3506 07 Seed Germination
- 9. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual Seed Germination • Seeds without endosperm • Assisted germination - orchids • small seeds, no endosperm • natural germination : with help of symbiotic mycorrhiza • artificial germination : in vitro - use of media under sterile conditions in laboratory AGR 3506 08
- 10. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual AGR 3506 09
- 11. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual Seed Viability - Percentage of seeds that germinate - Measure of viability : % germination - Seed Testing germination in controlled conditions rate of germination is also considered Tetrazolium Test (2,3,5- triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) gross measure of germination AGR 3506 01
- 12. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual Seed dormancy - Inactive phase of seeds - Seeds will not germinate • unsuitable environment AGR 3506 02 - causes : • impermeable seed coat • immature embryo • chemical factors
- 13. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual AGR 3506 03 Breaking dormancy • Scarification to make seed coats permeable – physical or chemical methods • vernalization – low temperature
- 14. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual Seed Storage - Seeds are living organs - seeds are stored for later use - storage requirements depend on species - avoid excessive respiration and enzyme activity AGR 3506 Ridzwan 04
- 15. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual AGR 3506 05 Seed Storage - method – monitor temperature, humidity, oxygen level of storage conditions. Low temperature and humidity are ideal - low temperature storage Cold room Cryopreservation Liquid nitrogen : - 1960 C
- 16. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual Seed Certification - To ensure that seeds are true to type - Seed Certification - Seeds are certified by special agencies AGR 3506 06
- 17. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual - 4 classification of seeds : • Breeder Seed : breeder • Foundation Seed : from Breeder Seed • Registered Seed : to multiply Certified Seed • Certified Seed : AGR 3506 07
- 18. AGR 3506 Plant Propagation - Sexual AGR 3506