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Agricultural resources (1)
The document discusses agriculture's role in producing food and other resources, outlining the difference between subsistence and commercial intensive agriculture. It highlights modern agricultural practices, the potential costs of these techniques, and the importance of sustainability in farming. Various sustainable practices, such as cover cropping, reduced tillage, integrated pest management, and agroforestry, are also emphasized to enhance soil health and promote biodiversity.
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Agricultural resources (1)
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- 2. UNIVESITY OF EDUCATIONLAHORE PAKISTAN
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- 4. • Agriculture isthe process of producing food, feed, fiber and many other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). Agriculture
- 5. Farming The practice of agricultureis also known as "farming", Subsistence farming farms a small area with limited resource inputs, and produces only enough food to meet the needs of his/her family. Commercial intensive agriculture /industrial agriculture Such farming involves large fields and/or numbers of animals, large resource inputs (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.), and a high level of mechanization.
- 6. Agricultural production goodsinclude • Timber • Fertilizers • Animal hides • Leather • Industrial chemicals (starch, sugar, alcohols and resins) • Fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax) • Fuels (methane from biomass, ethanol, biodiesel) • Cut flowers, ornamental and nursery plants • Tropical fish and birds for the pet trade
- 7. Modern Practices inAgriculture • Agricultural chemistry • includes the application of chemical fertilizer, chemical insecticides, and chemical fungicides, soil makeup, analysis of agricultural products, and nutritional needs of farm animals. • Hydroponics • Plant breeding • Hybridization • Gene manipulation • Better management of soil nutrients • Improved weed control • Genetic engineering
- 8. Potential Costs ofModern Agricultural Techniques • Topsoil Depletion • Groundwater Contamination • Degradation of Rural Communities • Lowered Conditions For Farmworkers • Increased Production Costs
- 9. Sustainable agriculture • Inagriculture, sustainability is a complex idea with many facets, including • The economic (a sustainable farm should be a profitable business that contributes to a robust economy), • The social (it should deal fairly with its workers and have a mutually beneficial relationship with the surrounding community), • The environmental
- 10. Environmental sustainability inagriculture • means good stewardship of the natural systems and resources that farms rely on. • Among other things, this involves: • Building and maintaining healthy soil • Managing water wisely • Minimizing air, water, and climate pollution • Promoting biodiversity
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- 12. Planting cover crops •Cover crops, like clover or hairy vetch, are planted during off-season times when soils might otherwise be left bare. • These crops protect and build soil health by preventing erosion, replenishing soil nutrients, and keeping weeds in check, reducing the need for herbicides.
- 13. Reducing or eliminatingtillage • Traditional plowing (tillage) prepares fields for planting and prevents weed problems, but can cause a lot of soil loss. • No-till or reduced till methods, which involve inserting seeds directly into undisturbed soil, can reduce erosion and improve soil health.
- 14. Applying integrated pestmanagement (IPM) • A range of methods, including mechanical and biological controls, can be applied systematically to keep pest populations under control while minimizing use of chemical pesticides.
- 15. Integrating livestock andcrops • Industrial agriculture tends to keep plant and animal production separate, with animals living far from the areas where their feed is produced, and crops growing far away from abundant manure fertilizers. • A smart integration of crop and animal production can be a recipe for more efficient, profitable farms.
- 16. • By mixingtrees or shrubs into their operations, farmers can provide shade and shelter to protect plants, animals, and water resources, while also potentially offering additional income. Adopting agroforestry practices
- 17. • Sustainable farmstreat uncultivated or less intensively cultivated areas, such as riparian buffers or prairie strips, as integral to the farm—valued for their role in controlling erosion, reducing nutrient runoff, and supporting pollinators and other biodiversity. Managing whole systems and landscapes
- 18. References • Gliessman, S.R.1997. Agroecology: Ecological Processes in Sustainable Agriculture. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Hansen, A.L. 2010. The Organic Farming Manual: A Comprehensive Guide to Starting and Running a Certified Organic Farm. Storey Publishing, North Adams, MA. • https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/what-sustainable- agriculture
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