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AI in Healthcare Workshop Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

This document outlines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, emphasizing its potential to enhance productivity and innovation in medical practice. It discusses the educational framework for teaching AI skills in healthcare settings, including ethical considerations, practical applications, and the importance of lifelong learning. The document also highlights tools and partnerships that leverage generative AI for patient care and clinical decision-making.

Healthcare◦
Related topics:
Generative AI•Clinical Practice Insights•
In this document
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Introduction to AI's impact on healthcare and workshop expectations while outlining the facilitator's background.

Presentation of the AIDE framework and its role in integrating AI skills into education and professional development.

Discussion of ethical principles in AI use emphasizing beneficence, autonomy, and social justice.

Overview of various AI tools tailored for educational settings, highlighting their applications in different institutions.

Introduction to the challenges and opportunities presented by AI technologies in revolutionizing healthcare.

Specific applications of AI in predictive medicine, including early disease detection and personalized treatment.

The role of AI in enhancing clinical decision-making and addressing various challenges in healthcare.

Discussion on the necessity of governance models and ethics for deploying AI within healthcare.

Integration of AI tools like Abridge and Epic for clinical documentation and patient messaging, enhancing healthcare delivery.

Introduction to generative AI, its capabilities, and its applications in clinical decision-making and patient care.

Detailed exploration of how generative AI functions and techniques for prompt generation and validation.

Guidelines for crafting effective prompts and validating generated responses in AI applications.

The utility of chatbots for patient engagement, triage, education, and remote monitoring.

Steps in creating AI chatbots for clinical use, emphasizing the development process and ethical considerations.

AI’s role in enhancing personalized learning experiences and facilitating continuous education in healthcare.

Utilizing AI for educational content generation, including scripts for videos and lectures in a medical setting.

Overview of AI tools designed for research assistance, facilitating literature review and data extraction.

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AI in Healthcare Vaikunthan Rajaratnam Senior Consultant Hand Surgeon, KTPH, Singapore, Adjunct Professor & UNESCO Chair Partner, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Malaysia. 8 December 2023
Pre-Workshop Survey https://tinyurl.com/AIHPKK23
Warning: Unprecedented Levels of Productivity and Inspiration Ahead! Please be advised: The content of this workshop is so intensely engaging and empowering in the realm of AI in healthcare that it carries a high risk of sparking a newfound addiction to productivity and innovation. Attendees may experience an irresistible urge to apply transformative skills and insights in their professional practice, leading to significant advancements in healthcare. Proceed with enthusiasm and caution – you're stepping into a world of exhilarating empowerment! Embrace the journey, but don't say we didn't warn you!
Disclaimer • I am not an AI expert, nor do I possess coding knowledge specific to the underlying mechanisms of AI models; • My expertise lies in the utilisation of these models, such as ChatGPT, based on my extensive experience as a user within the fields of healthcare, medical education, and related research, rather than their technical development or underlying algorithms. • This workshop is intended solely for educational and informational purposes in AI and healthcare. • The views expressed herein are my own, borne from extensive experience in surgery, medical education, and instructional design, and do not necessarily reflect those of any associated institutions. • While I endeavour to provide accurate and up-to-date information, no guarantee is given regarding its applicability. • Participants acknowledge and assume responsibility for using the information provided by engaging in this workshop. Vaikunthan Rajaratnam
Innovative Digital Learning Centre Artificial Intelligence Innovative Designs for Education (AIDE) Framework
AIDE: AI Innovations for Design & Education
Framework for the Integration of Generative AI Skills into the Teaching and Learning Practice Domains Foundational Knowledge of AI and Generative AI Pedagogical Integration Technical Proficiency Ethical and Responsible Use Assessment and Evaluation Professional Development and Lifelong Learnin Community and Stakeholder Engagement Rubrics Understanding AI Concepts, Fundamentals of Generative AI Descriptors Grasp of basic AI terminologies and principles; Demonstrates the capabilities and limitations of generative models. Curricular Mapping, Instructional Design Demonstrates the ability to align Generative AI tools with curricular goals; Proficiency in integrating Generative AI in lesson designs. Tool Management, Data Literacy Skill in selecting and operating Generative AI platforms; Demonstrates the ability to interpret and analyse data. Data Privacy, Ethical Considerations Demonstrate the incorporation and compliance with data protection laws in the practice; and the ethical implications, including biases. Formative Assessment, Summative Evaluation Demonstrate the capability to employ Generative AI for real-time assessments; Integrate using AI data for evaluations. Self-updating, Peer Training Demonstrate commitment to staying updated with AI advancements; Willingness to train and mentor peers.. Communication, Collaboration Demonstrate the ability to articulate the role of Generative AI to stakeholders; Actively seeking partnerships with experts.
Section Ethical Principles or Elements Description Beneficence and Non- Maleficence Holistic Well-being Beyond intellectual growth, AI should contribute to emotional and social well-being. Cultural Relevance Educational content should respect and incorporate local traditions, beliefs, and moral systems. Autonomy Informed Participation Users should be fully informed about how AI will be used. Agency Family and community should also be involved in decision-making processes regarding AI adoption in education. Social Justice Equitable Access Special focus on providing equal access to quality education across various societal strata. Bias Mitigation Efforts must be made to eliminate biases related to gender, social class, or ethnicity. ASIAN Values Harmony AI should aim for social harmony and integrate well with existing educational systems. Respect for Authority AI should not undermine the teacher's role but should enhance the traditional teacher- student relationship. Stakeholder Collaboration Government Agencies Develop and enforce regulations and guidelines. Educational Institutions Implement and adhere to ethical guidelines. AI Developers Ensure the ethical design and deployment of AI. Ethicists and Philosophers Continually review and update ethical guidelines. Community and Family Participate in decision-making processes. Evaluation and Monitoring Regular Audits Conduct regular ethical audits to ensure that AI tools comply with the framework. Feedback Loops Create mechanisms for students, educators, and families to provide feedback on AI ethical considerations.
PRODUCTS • Tools for Effective Academic Courses and Holistic Teaching •MOE Malaysia AI TEACH • For students in middle school • Indigenous School, Malaysia AI LEARN • Gerontological Optimization through Learning and Digital Assistance AI GOLD • Learning Designs •APU, Malaysia, NHG, Singapore AI LD • Health Professional •Perdana University , Malaysia, BDSSH, Bangladesh •NHG, Singapore, Sengkang, Singapore AI HP • Research •Perdana University, Malaysia, Sengkang , Singapore •University of Eswatini (Africa) AI RE •Academic Writing •APU, Perdana University, Malaysia •University of Eswatini (Africa) AI AW • Leveraging Efficiency in Administrative Proficiency •MOE, Dubai AI LEAP
Introduction to AI in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges AI technologies have the potential to revolutionise healthcare by enhancing diagnosis, treatment planning, and research. AI won't replace you, but someone empowered by AI undoubtedly will
Secinaro, S., Calandra, D., Secinaro, A., Muthurangu, V., & Biancone, P. (2021). The role of artificial intelligence in healthcare: A structured literature review. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01488-9
Healthcare Managemen t
Predictiv e medicine Early Disease Detection Personalized Treatment Plans Chronic Disease Management Genomic Medicine and Genetic Risk Prediction Drug Response Prediction Epidemic Outbreak Prediction Hospital Readmission Prediction
Patient data and diagnostics
Clinical decision- making
Challenges Golhar, S. P., & Kekapure, S. S. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare—A Review. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 9(4), 381–387. https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST229454
Governance Model for AI S. Reddy, S. Allan, S. Coghlan, and P. Cooper, ‘A governance model for the application of AI in health care’, J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 491–497, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocz192 Rahman, N., Thamotharampillai, T., & Rajaratnam, V. (2023). Ethics, guidelines, and policy for technology in healthcare. In Medical Equipment Engineering: Design, Manufacture and Applications (pp. 119–147). IET Digital Library. https://doi.org/10.1049/PBHE054E_ch9
Higgins, D., & Madai, V. I. (2020). From Bit to Bedside: A Practical Framework for Artificial Intelligence Product Development in Healthcare. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2(10), 2000052. https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000052
EPIC and AI Abridge's Clinical Documentation Tool Integration: • Creates near-instant visit summaries. Generative AI for Patient Messaging by Ochsner Health: • Generative AI to draft messages to patients. Partnership with Microsoft • Integrate large language models Emory Healthcare's Collaboration with Abridge: • Ambient listening solution for note-taking during doctor's appointments.
Personalised chatbots & Epic EHR system • Interprets caller intent and provides immediate, personalised assistance Avaamo's AI-Powered Patient Experience: • Automates patient communications. Asparia's Chatbot Integration: • Extract and analyse patient data & generates detailed medical reports Epic-Chatbot Using ChatGPT
Artificial Intelligence Enables machines to mimic human intelligence and perform tasks that typically require human intelligence • Machines learn from data • recognize patterns • make decisions, and • solve problems without explicit programming • Algorithms and statistical models • analyse large amounts of data • generate insights and predictions. • Narrow AI • designed for specific tasks like image recognition or natural language processing, and • General AI • aims to possess human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks.
Introduction to Generative AI
What is Generative AI? • Understanding Language • Reads and comprehends human-written text. • Generating Text • Writes human-like text, from answers to creative content. • Conversation • Capable of engaging in text-based conversations with users. • Applications • Used in virtual assistants, education, content creation, and more. • Not a Human • Generates text through algorithms, without feelings or consciousness. AI for Clinical Decision-Making and Patient Care
AI & Generative AI • AI (Artificial Intelligence) • refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think, learn, and make decisions • Applications: Includes machine learning, natural language processing, robotics, computer vision, etc. • Generative AI • subset of AI that focuses on creating new data instances that are similar to a set of training examples. • Techniques: Examples include Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), etc. • ChatGPT (Generative Pretrained Transformer): • State-of-the-art language models developed by OpenAI. It utilises the Transformer architecture to generate human-like text based on given prompts. • Usage: Widely used in natural language understanding tasks, chatbots, content creation, and more. • Bing CoPilot • Bard • Claude 2
How Does Generative AI Work? Don’t cry ………..” “ Don’t cry over….” • Reading Text • Takes in words, questions, or sentences as input • Understands the language like a human reading a book • Processing Information • Breaks down the input into smaller parts to understand the meaning. • Uses a complex mathematical model to analyse the text. • Generating Response • Constructs a response based on what it has "learned" from reading lots of text. • Tries to make the response sound like something a human would say. • No Personal Knowledge or Opinions • Doesn't have thoughts, feelings, or personal experiences. • Answers are based on patterns in the data it was trained on, not personal beliefs or opinions. • Learning from Data • Trained on vast text from books, websites, and other written materials. • Learns language structure and how to create sentences that make sense. • Versatility • Can be used for tasks like answering questions, writing stories, or helping with homework. • Adaptable to different subjects and contexts. • Not Perfect • Can make mistakes or provide incorrect information. • Needs to be used with caution, especially for critical or sensitive topics
Prompt Generation and Response Validation: Mastering Generative AI AI is not some monstrous job It's simply the latest result of humanity's long-standing distaste for boredom
Understanding Generative AI • Advanced language model developed by OpenAI. • Generates human-like text based on the prompts. • Quality vs prompt. Quality of Response ∝ Quality of Prompt × Model Understanding Here: Quality of Response is the measure of how relevant, accurate, and coherent the response is. Quality of Prompt represents the clarity, specificity, and relevance of the prompt given to the model. Model Understanding , model's ability to interpret the prompt, including its training, design, and current context.
Prompt Generation Steps Review prompt Crafting a good prompt Clear and Specific. Specify type of Response
Tool: Prompting "prompting" refers to the input or question that you provide to the model. The model takes this prompt and generates a response based on the information it has been trained on. • Initial Statement or Question • Context • Intended Output • Tone or Formality • Specificity • Instructions for Response Format
Prompt Generation • Define the Objective: • Identify the specific information or assistance • Be Clear and Precise: • Use clear language and avoid ambiguity. • Include essential details without over- complicating the prompt. • Consider Context: • Provide relevant background or context to guide the response. • Set the Tone and Style: • Specify the desired tone (formal, casual) or style (e.g., summary, explanation) if it matters for your use case. • Ask Direct Questions: • If seeking specific information, formulate your prompt as a direct question. • Self-Reflective • Avoid Bias and Leading Questions: • Craft the prompt neutrally to prevent biased or skewed responses. • Test and Refine: • Experiment with different phrasings and observe how slight changes can affect the response. • Refine the prompt • Consider Ethical and Privacy Concerns: • Ethical guidelines and does not request or reveal sensitive or private information.
Bad Prompts Comments Good Prompts Comments Tell me about heart problems. Too vague, lacks focus and context. Summarize the diagnostic criteria for Congestive Heart Failure according to the latest ACC/AHA guidelines. Specific, focused, and references a reputable source. What drugs are good for high BP, diabetes, and heart issues? Overly complex, risks dangerous oversimplification. List the first-line antihypertensive medications according to the latest guidelines. Focused on a single condition, asks for evidence-based treatment. What's the best treatment for a 45- year-old male named John Smith with these symptoms? Contains potentially identifiable information, risking patient confidentiality. What are the treatment options for a 45-year-old male presenting with these generic symptoms? Generalized and anonymized, preserving patient confidentiality.
Response Validation RI meets AI • Review response - meets your requirements. • No access to real-time data • Vaildate Validate Validate. • Prompt – response -refine - reprompt. Relevance Check Accuracy Confirmation Context Consistency Sensitivity Review Refinement for Future Queries
Checklist for Healthcare Prompt Engineering
Please respond to the following query with a structured and academic approach suitable for a university lecturer. Include bullet-point answers where applicable, supported by relevant examples from scholarly literature. Ensure that all statements are backed by credible evidence and provide appropriate references and citations in accordance with standard academic citation styles (e.g., APA, MLA, or Chicago). The response should be clear, concise, and tailored to an academic audience engaged in higher education teaching and research." Personalizing Gen-AI
• Professional Tone & Evidence-Based Approach: Maintain a formal tone and rely on evidence-based information, aligning with Dr. Rajaratnam's scholarly background. • Expertise in Healthcare, Education, and AI: Prepare for in-depth discussions in these fields, reflecting Dr. Rajaratnam's extensive experience and contributions. • Ethical and Global Perspective: Factor in ethical considerations for AI applications and be sensitive to international norms, given Dr. Rajaratnam's global collaborations and ethical guidelines. • Technological and Interdisciplinary Focus: Be ready to introduce tech-based solutions and consider interdisciplinary approaches, corresponding with his interests in instructional design and AI. • Social Impact and Local Context: Prioritize broader social impact and humanitarian goals, and adapt information to the Singaporean and Malaysian context, where Dr. Rajaratnam is actively engaged.
Generative AI platforms Feature ChatGPT Microsoft Copilot Integration Available as an API that can be integrated into different applications1 Integrated with Microsoft 365 and other services1 Specialization Designed to mimic human conversation by understanding your question or comment and responding in an engaging and conversational way1 AI-powered digital assistant that aims to provide personalized assistance to users for a range of tasks and activities1 Versatility Can handle a wide range of tasks and domains, such as writing essays, emails, poems, songs, summaries, etc1 Combines the power of large language models (LLMs) with your data in the Microsoft Graph (including your calendar, emails, chats, documents, meetings, and more) and the Microsoft 365 apps1 Control Gives more control to the user over what they want to generate1 Works as a digital assistant that fills in the blanks for the user1
Aspect ChatGPT Response Other Chatbot Response Non-invasiveness & Practicality Mentioned as a key advantage, emphasizing suitability for community settings. Highlighted as a practical tool for community screening due to its rapid, non-invasive nature. Early Detection Stressed the ability to detect small fiber damage before clinical symptoms. Noted for its use in early detection, particularly of small fiber nerves. Correlation with Neuropathy Severity Discussed the correlation between CCM findings and neuropathy severity. Not specifically addressed. Predictive Value Mentioned its potential in predicting the development of diabetic neuropathy. Focused on predictive validity, especially for future development of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Repeatability and Reliability Emphasized the importance of repeatability and reliability. Briefly mentioned as repeatable but didn't elaborate on reliability. Telemedicine Potential Addressed the potential use in telemedicine. Not discussed. Limitations and Challenges Discussed limitations such as the need for specialized equipment and training. Not discussed. Detailed Description Provided a detailed, multifaceted analysis. More focused on key points, less detailed in comparison.
ChatGPT4 Opinion • ChatGPT Response: This response is comprehensive, addressing various aspects, including predictive value, telemedicine potential, and limitations. It provides a nuanced understanding of CCM's role in diabetic neuropathy screening, suitable for an audience seeking an in-depth analysis. • Co Pilot Response: This response is concise and focused, highlighting key advantages of CCM, such as its non- invasiveness and predictive validity. It's more streamlined, making it suitable for readers looking for a quick overview without extensive background detail. ChatGPT offers a detailed, academic-oriented approach, beneficial for in-depth understanding, while the other chatbot provides a succinct summary, ideal for a general overview. Both have their unique strengths, and the preference would depend on the depth of information and type of analysis the user requires.
Copilot Opinion Copilot Response GPT4 Response Early Detection Emphasized the ability of CCM to detect small fibre damage at an early stage. Highlighted the importance of early detection and intervention in diabetes. Non-Invasive Nature Mentioned the non-invasive nature of CCM. Discussed the non-invasive nature of CCM and its suitability for community settings. Predictive Value Highlighted the predictive value of CCM in identifying high-risk individuals. Discussed the predictive capability of CCM in identifying high-risk individuals. Repeatability and Reliability Discussed the repeatability and reliability of CCM for monitoring disease progression. Mentioned the repeatability and reliability of CCM, and its importance for longitudinal studies and screening programs. Correlation with Neuropathy Severity - Mentioned the correlation of CCM findings with neuropathy severity. Potential in Telemedicine - Discussed the potential of CCM in telemedicine. Limitations and Challenges - Outlined the limitations and challenges of implementing CCM in community settings. Please note that “-” indicates that the topic was not covered in the respective response. Both responses provide a comprehensive overview of the role of CCM in diabetic neuropathy screening. However, the user’s response provides a more detailed discussion by including the correlation with neuropathy severity, potential in telemedicine, and the limitations and challenges of CCM. These additional details offer a more nuanced understanding of the practical implications of using CCM in community settings
Login to your choice of Generative AI • Ask a clinical question based on a good prompt and have three conversations related to your question. • Share your responses • How would you use it in your practice? • Post to this Padlet
What Are Chatbots?
Patient Triage: •Appropriate level of care Mental Health Support: •Immediate, cost- effective Patient Education: •Provide reliable and continuous information, explain treatment options, or clarify post-operative care instructions. Remote Monitoring: •Ensure medication adherence, and alert clinicians about anomalies. Clinical Decision Support: •Data-driven insights to support clinical decisions. Confidentiality and Compliance: Ensure that all interactions are secure and compliant with healthcare regulations.
Creating your First AI Chatbot for Clinical Use
Create Account and Login
Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) ChatGPT USER CHATGPT API KNOWLEDGE BASE INTERNET
Overcoming Bias • Anglocentrism • Contextual Understanding • Translation Limitations • Data Imbalance
Steps in Chatbot Development
Botpress.com
Use a clinical situation / administrative problem and craft prompts for the various AI platforms and post the response
Relevance to healthcare education • Adapts to individual student needs Personalized Learning: • Creating diverse and engaging educational materials. Content Creation: • Interactive learning experiences (Chatbot) Student Engagement: • Provides real-time assessment and feedback . Assessment and Feedback: • content accessible to diverse learners Accessibility: • Facilitates collaboration among students and educators, bridging geographical and language barriers. Collaboration and Communication:
Personalized Learning • Tailors educational content Adaptive Content Delivery: • Provides instant feedback and real-time assistance Real-Time Feedback and Support: • Engages with interactive dialogues and Simulates scenarios. Interactive Learning Environments: • Analyses - identify strengths and weaknesses for personalized learning. Data-Driven Insights: • Adapts content to diverse learners & multiple languages. Accessibility and Inclusivity: • Facilitates collaborative learning experiences and peer interactions. Collaboration and Peer Interaction: • Seamlessly integrates with Learning Management Systems (LMS) Integration with Existing Platforms: • Supports lifelong learning and Assists in tracking and maintaining professional development Continuous Learning and Skill Development: • Ensures ethical guidelines and privacy regulations. Ethical and Privacy Considerations: • Aligns personalized learning experiences and Ensures relevance to real- world medical practice Alignment with Healthcare Objectives:
Writing Learning Outcomes
Skeleton of Thought (SoT)
1.Question: Which of the following statements best describes the role of HbA1c in managing diabetes? 1. A) HbA1c is primarily used to diagnose acute diabetic complications. 2. B) HbA1c levels reflect the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. 3. C) HbA1c is a short-term marker for blood glucose fluctuation. 4. D) HbA1c measures the immediate postprandial blood glucose level. Answer: B) HbA1c levels reflect the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. 1.Question: A 54-year-old patient with Type 2 diabetes presents with an HbA1c of 8.0%. What is the most appropriate initial approach? 1. A) Immediate hospitalisation for insulin therapy. 2. B) Evaluation and optimisation of the current treatment regimen. 3. C) Disregarding the HbA1c level as it is within the normal range. 4. D) Starting an antihypertensive medication .hospitalisation
Act like a virtual patient and provide me symptoms and history so that I can improve my clinical skills
I have been asked to create a module for the examination of the abdomen for organomegaly for medical students. Create a curriculum and include learning outcomes and the pedagogy and a lesson plan
Create an assessment task and provide rubrics for the assessment
Creating Images with AI Vaikunthan Rajaratnam
https://creator.nightcafe.studio/
Create account and Login
• Be clear & descriptive • Specific styles or techniques • Create a test version • Evaluate the result • Refine the prompt • Iterative process
AI for Video Production & Image generation Draft Learning Outcomes LO to Prompt ChatGPT for video script Import/edi t script to AI Video Generator Add personalised media Choose Voiceover type Produce Review and Upload
Write a script for the introduction of the anatomy of the organomegaly medical student module. This will be a 90 second video script. Just provide the narration
Invideo.io
AI generated Instructional Video
Generating Lecture Content • Participants use their prompts to generate an outline and main content for a lecture. Validating AI Responses • Participants validate and refine the AI- generated content for their lecture. Integrating and Refining Lecture Content • Finalizing the lecture content, incorporating validated information and personal expertise.
Part 1: Scriptwriting with ChatGPT • Participants create a draft script for a surgical procedure or topic of their choice using ChatGPT. • Copy script and edit in word doc. Part 2: Creating AI- Generated Art • Participants generate AI art relevant to their video script. • Download for use in video Part 3: Video Assembly using InVideo (40 minutes) • Overview of InVideo interface and features. • Integrating AI- generated art and script into a cohesive video. • Using text-to-speech for narration.
Using the Tools Research papers
Elicit.org
Research Question Brainstorm Questions Search Choose Table Columns (PICO) Download •CSV •Bib Paste to WORD Import to Zotero SUMMARY
ASK YOUR QUESTION MODIFY RESPONSE DOWNLOAD THE RESPONSE
Using SCISPACE Analyse your documents with Generative AI
Add SciSpace Copilot to your browser AI research assistant that explains the text, math, and tables in scientific literature like research papers, technical blog posts, or reports. You can also ask follow-up questions, and it will give you instant answers.
AI Tools
Title insights Authors Date Journal name Asian (Bio)Values: Constructing Asian Difference and Biovalue in the Singapore Diabetes Discourse The provided information does not address the integration of Asian values into western bioethics frameworks. Mohammad Khamsya Bin Khidzer 21/6/2023 Science, Technology, & Human Values Bioethics Across the Globe: Rebirthing Bioethics The paper suggests discussing Bioethics in Asia" to incorporate Asian values into the existing framework of bioethics." Akira Akabayashi 19/5/2020 Beyond a Western Bioethics in Asia and Its Implication on Autonomy. The article explores integrating Asian values into Western bioethics frameworks, particularly in the areas of breaking bad news, giving consent, determining best interests, and end-of-life care. Mark Tan Kiak Min 8/7/2017 Translating Asian Bioethics into developing global Biocultures Translational Challenges In Bioethics Hans-Martin Sass 22/12/2015 Jahr - European journal of bioethics Culture and ethics in medical education: The Asian perspective. Muhammad Shahid Shamim, Lubna Baig, Adrienne Torda, Chinthaka Balasooriya 1/3/2018 Journal of Pakistan Medical Association Bioethics as an Approach to Nanoethics in China and the EU Sally Dalton-Brown 1/1/2015 Bioethics in East Asia: Development and Issues Myongsei Sohn 1/1/2016 (East) Asia" as a Platform for Debate: Grouping and Bioethics." Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner 1/1/2016 Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Western or Eastern principles in globalized bioethics? An Asian perspective view Michael Cheng-Tek Tai 1/3/2013 Tzu Chi Medical Journal Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Claire Lajaunie, Serge Morand, Tan Boon Huan 1/1/2014
Genie.io
Elicit.com/Typeset.io • Synthesis and Summarise of index papers Generative AI • Prompt • Synthesise • Summarise Paraphrase with Typeset AI Detection with Typeset Paste into Word
Practical exercise • Use Gen AI to help with generating content, phrasing, or grammar and style checking as needed. Feel free to collaborate with your peers, share ideas, and provide feedback to each other. • After completing the draft, share it with the group if you feel comfortable. We'll discuss the drafts collectively, providing constructive feedback and suggestions for improvement. • Validate the responses of ChatGPT and incorporate in writing • Remember, the introduction is your chance to grab the reader's attention and convince them of the importance of your research, so make it engaging and informative! (use this in your prompts when writing the introduction!)
Peer review and Feed back • Present your prompts and the responses • Show your Literature Table • Show how you validated the Generative AI’s response
Goals • Purpose and components of methods • Structure the methods • Typeset for methods review • Using ChatGPT with prompts
Purpose and Structure of the Methods Section Explanation of the procedures used Selection of Participants Description of Procedures and Materials Data Collection Methods Data Analysis Methods Ethical Considerations Limitations and Assumptions Replicability of the Study
AI Tools for RESEARCH • Elicit for Literature Search • Scholarcy and Typeset for data extraction and summary • Genei.io for summarisation and key points highlighting • Keyword generation with ChatGPT ( targeted prompt engineering)
Create Account and Login
Choose PDF file to upload
Add to your collection of choice and click DONE
Interrogate the paper as per needs
Input your research topic
Outcome for Topic Inserted in search box
Click Summarized Abstract to ADD to COLUMN in table
CLICK on a paper to see summaries and Interrogate as per needs
Typeset.io
Post-Workshop Survey https://tinyurl.com/AIHPKK23Post
The Art and Science of Qualitative Research https://tinyurl.com/QUALIRE Introduction to research in healthcare https://tinyurl.com/HCARERE AICHAT BT FOR Research in healthcare https://tinyurl.com/HCAREREBOT AI-Powered Academic Writing Write Your Research Paper in a Day https://tinyurl.com/AIAWRITE AI CHAT BOT for AI_POWERED ACADEMIC WRITING https://tinyurl.com/AIAWRITEBOT https://tinyurl.com/AIHP2023SKH

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AI in Healthcare Workshop Universiti Malaysia Sabah.

  • 1.
    AI in Healthcare VaikunthanRajaratnam Senior Consultant Hand Surgeon, KTPH, Singapore, Adjunct Professor & UNESCO Chair Partner, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, Malaysia. 8 December 2023
  • 2.
  • 3.
    Warning: Unprecedented Levels ofProductivity and Inspiration Ahead! Please be advised: The content of this workshop is so intensely engaging and empowering in the realm of AI in healthcare that it carries a high risk of sparking a newfound addiction to productivity and innovation. Attendees may experience an irresistible urge to apply transformative skills and insights in their professional practice, leading to significant advancements in healthcare. Proceed with enthusiasm and caution – you're stepping into a world of exhilarating empowerment! Embrace the journey, but don't say we didn't warn you!
  • 4.
    Disclaimer • I amnot an AI expert, nor do I possess coding knowledge specific to the underlying mechanisms of AI models; • My expertise lies in the utilisation of these models, such as ChatGPT, based on my extensive experience as a user within the fields of healthcare, medical education, and related research, rather than their technical development or underlying algorithms. • This workshop is intended solely for educational and informational purposes in AI and healthcare. • The views expressed herein are my own, borne from extensive experience in surgery, medical education, and instructional design, and do not necessarily reflect those of any associated institutions. • While I endeavour to provide accurate and up-to-date information, no guarantee is given regarding its applicability. • Participants acknowledge and assume responsibility for using the information provided by engaging in this workshop. Vaikunthan Rajaratnam
  • 5.
    Innovative Digital Learning Centre ArtificialIntelligence Innovative Designs for Education (AIDE) Framework
  • 6.
    AIDE: AI Innovationsfor Design & Education
  • 7.
    Framework for theIntegration of Generative AI Skills into the Teaching and Learning Practice Domains Foundational Knowledge of AI and Generative AI Pedagogical Integration Technical Proficiency Ethical and Responsible Use Assessment and Evaluation Professional Development and Lifelong Learnin Community and Stakeholder Engagement Rubrics Understanding AI Concepts, Fundamentals of Generative AI Descriptors Grasp of basic AI terminologies and principles; Demonstrates the capabilities and limitations of generative models. Curricular Mapping, Instructional Design Demonstrates the ability to align Generative AI tools with curricular goals; Proficiency in integrating Generative AI in lesson designs. Tool Management, Data Literacy Skill in selecting and operating Generative AI platforms; Demonstrates the ability to interpret and analyse data. Data Privacy, Ethical Considerations Demonstrate the incorporation and compliance with data protection laws in the practice; and the ethical implications, including biases. Formative Assessment, Summative Evaluation Demonstrate the capability to employ Generative AI for real-time assessments; Integrate using AI data for evaluations. Self-updating, Peer Training Demonstrate commitment to staying updated with AI advancements; Willingness to train and mentor peers.. Communication, Collaboration Demonstrate the ability to articulate the role of Generative AI to stakeholders; Actively seeking partnerships with experts.
  • 8.
    Section Ethical Principlesor Elements Description Beneficence and Non- Maleficence Holistic Well-being Beyond intellectual growth, AI should contribute to emotional and social well-being. Cultural Relevance Educational content should respect and incorporate local traditions, beliefs, and moral systems. Autonomy Informed Participation Users should be fully informed about how AI will be used. Agency Family and community should also be involved in decision-making processes regarding AI adoption in education. Social Justice Equitable Access Special focus on providing equal access to quality education across various societal strata. Bias Mitigation Efforts must be made to eliminate biases related to gender, social class, or ethnicity. ASIAN Values Harmony AI should aim for social harmony and integrate well with existing educational systems. Respect for Authority AI should not undermine the teacher's role but should enhance the traditional teacher- student relationship. Stakeholder Collaboration Government Agencies Develop and enforce regulations and guidelines. Educational Institutions Implement and adhere to ethical guidelines. AI Developers Ensure the ethical design and deployment of AI. Ethicists and Philosophers Continually review and update ethical guidelines. Community and Family Participate in decision-making processes. Evaluation and Monitoring Regular Audits Conduct regular ethical audits to ensure that AI tools comply with the framework. Feedback Loops Create mechanisms for students, educators, and families to provide feedback on AI ethical considerations.
  • 9.
    PRODUCTS • Tools forEffective Academic Courses and Holistic Teaching •MOE Malaysia AI TEACH • For students in middle school • Indigenous School, Malaysia AI LEARN • Gerontological Optimization through Learning and Digital Assistance AI GOLD • Learning Designs •APU, Malaysia, NHG, Singapore AI LD • Health Professional •Perdana University , Malaysia, BDSSH, Bangladesh •NHG, Singapore, Sengkang, Singapore AI HP • Research •Perdana University, Malaysia, Sengkang , Singapore •University of Eswatini (Africa) AI RE •Academic Writing •APU, Perdana University, Malaysia •University of Eswatini (Africa) AI AW • Leveraging Efficiency in Administrative Proficiency •MOE, Dubai AI LEAP
  • 11.
    Introduction to AIin Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges AI technologies have the potential to revolutionise healthcare by enhancing diagnosis, treatment planning, and research. AI won't replace you, but someone empowered by AI undoubtedly will
  • 13.
    Secinaro, S., Calandra,D., Secinaro, A., Muthurangu, V., & Biancone, P. (2021). The role of artificial intelligence in healthcare: A structured literature review. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01488-9
  • 14.
  • 15.
    Predictiv e medicine Early Disease Detection PersonalizedTreatment Plans Chronic Disease Management Genomic Medicine and Genetic Risk Prediction Drug Response Prediction Epidemic Outbreak Prediction Hospital Readmission Prediction
  • 16.
    Patient data anddiagnostics
  • 17.
  • 18.
    Challenges Golhar, S. P.,& Kekapure, S. S. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare—A Review. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 9(4), 381–387. https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRST229454
  • 19.
    Governance Model for AI S.Reddy, S. Allan, S. Coghlan, and P. Cooper, ‘A governance model for the application of AI in health care’, J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 491–497, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocz192 Rahman, N., Thamotharampillai, T., & Rajaratnam, V. (2023). Ethics, guidelines, and policy for technology in healthcare. In Medical Equipment Engineering: Design, Manufacture and Applications (pp. 119–147). IET Digital Library. https://doi.org/10.1049/PBHE054E_ch9
  • 20.
    Higgins, D., &Madai, V. I. (2020). From Bit to Bedside: A Practical Framework for Artificial Intelligence Product Development in Healthcare. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2(10), 2000052. https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000052
  • 21.
    EPIC and AI Abridge'sClinical Documentation Tool Integration: • Creates near-instant visit summaries. Generative AI for Patient Messaging by Ochsner Health: • Generative AI to draft messages to patients. Partnership with Microsoft • Integrate large language models Emory Healthcare's Collaboration with Abridge: • Ambient listening solution for note-taking during doctor's appointments.
  • 22.
    Personalised chatbots &Epic EHR system • Interprets caller intent and provides immediate, personalised assistance Avaamo's AI-Powered Patient Experience: • Automates patient communications. Asparia's Chatbot Integration: • Extract and analyse patient data & generates detailed medical reports Epic-Chatbot Using ChatGPT
  • 23.
    Artificial Intelligence Enables machines to mimichuman intelligence and perform tasks that typically require human intelligence • Machines learn from data • recognize patterns • make decisions, and • solve problems without explicit programming • Algorithms and statistical models • analyse large amounts of data • generate insights and predictions. • Narrow AI • designed for specific tasks like image recognition or natural language processing, and • General AI • aims to possess human-like intelligence across a wide range of tasks.
  • 24.
  • 25.
    What is GenerativeAI? • Understanding Language • Reads and comprehends human-written text. • Generating Text • Writes human-like text, from answers to creative content. • Conversation • Capable of engaging in text-based conversations with users. • Applications • Used in virtual assistants, education, content creation, and more. • Not a Human • Generates text through algorithms, without feelings or consciousness. AI for Clinical Decision-Making and Patient Care
  • 26.
    AI & GenerativeAI • AI (Artificial Intelligence) • refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think, learn, and make decisions • Applications: Includes machine learning, natural language processing, robotics, computer vision, etc. • Generative AI • subset of AI that focuses on creating new data instances that are similar to a set of training examples. • Techniques: Examples include Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), etc. • ChatGPT (Generative Pretrained Transformer): • State-of-the-art language models developed by OpenAI. It utilises the Transformer architecture to generate human-like text based on given prompts. • Usage: Widely used in natural language understanding tasks, chatbots, content creation, and more. • Bing CoPilot • Bard • Claude 2
  • 27.
    How Does GenerativeAI Work? Don’t cry ………..” “ Don’t cry over….” • Reading Text • Takes in words, questions, or sentences as input • Understands the language like a human reading a book • Processing Information • Breaks down the input into smaller parts to understand the meaning. • Uses a complex mathematical model to analyse the text. • Generating Response • Constructs a response based on what it has "learned" from reading lots of text. • Tries to make the response sound like something a human would say. • No Personal Knowledge or Opinions • Doesn't have thoughts, feelings, or personal experiences. • Answers are based on patterns in the data it was trained on, not personal beliefs or opinions. • Learning from Data • Trained on vast text from books, websites, and other written materials. • Learns language structure and how to create sentences that make sense. • Versatility • Can be used for tasks like answering questions, writing stories, or helping with homework. • Adaptable to different subjects and contexts. • Not Perfect • Can make mistakes or provide incorrect information. • Needs to be used with caution, especially for critical or sensitive topics
  • 28.
    Prompt Generation and ResponseValidation: Mastering Generative AI AI is not some monstrous job It's simply the latest result of humanity's long-standing distaste for boredom
  • 29.
    Understanding Generative AI •Advanced language model developed by OpenAI. • Generates human-like text based on the prompts. • Quality vs prompt. Quality of Response ∝ Quality of Prompt × Model Understanding Here: Quality of Response is the measure of how relevant, accurate, and coherent the response is. Quality of Prompt represents the clarity, specificity, and relevance of the prompt given to the model. Model Understanding , model's ability to interpret the prompt, including its training, design, and current context.
  • 30.
  • 31.
    Tool: Prompting "prompting" refersto the input or question that you provide to the model. The model takes this prompt and generates a response based on the information it has been trained on. • Initial Statement or Question • Context • Intended Output • Tone or Formality • Specificity • Instructions for Response Format
  • 32.
    Prompt Generation • Definethe Objective: • Identify the specific information or assistance • Be Clear and Precise: • Use clear language and avoid ambiguity. • Include essential details without over- complicating the prompt. • Consider Context: • Provide relevant background or context to guide the response. • Set the Tone and Style: • Specify the desired tone (formal, casual) or style (e.g., summary, explanation) if it matters for your use case. • Ask Direct Questions: • If seeking specific information, formulate your prompt as a direct question. • Self-Reflective • Avoid Bias and Leading Questions: • Craft the prompt neutrally to prevent biased or skewed responses. • Test and Refine: • Experiment with different phrasings and observe how slight changes can affect the response. • Refine the prompt • Consider Ethical and Privacy Concerns: • Ethical guidelines and does not request or reveal sensitive or private information.
  • 33.
    Bad Prompts CommentsGood Prompts Comments Tell me about heart problems. Too vague, lacks focus and context. Summarize the diagnostic criteria for Congestive Heart Failure according to the latest ACC/AHA guidelines. Specific, focused, and references a reputable source. What drugs are good for high BP, diabetes, and heart issues? Overly complex, risks dangerous oversimplification. List the first-line antihypertensive medications according to the latest guidelines. Focused on a single condition, asks for evidence-based treatment. What's the best treatment for a 45- year-old male named John Smith with these symptoms? Contains potentially identifiable information, risking patient confidentiality. What are the treatment options for a 45-year-old male presenting with these generic symptoms? Generalized and anonymized, preserving patient confidentiality.
  • 34.
    Response Validation RI meetsAI • Review response - meets your requirements. • No access to real-time data • Vaildate Validate Validate. • Prompt – response -refine - reprompt. Relevance Check Accuracy Confirmation Context Consistency Sensitivity Review Refinement for Future Queries
  • 35.
    Checklist for HealthcarePrompt Engineering
  • 37.
    Please respond tothe following query with a structured and academic approach suitable for a university lecturer. Include bullet-point answers where applicable, supported by relevant examples from scholarly literature. Ensure that all statements are backed by credible evidence and provide appropriate references and citations in accordance with standard academic citation styles (e.g., APA, MLA, or Chicago). The response should be clear, concise, and tailored to an academic audience engaged in higher education teaching and research." Personalizing Gen-AI
  • 38.
    • Professional Tone& Evidence-Based Approach: Maintain a formal tone and rely on evidence-based information, aligning with Dr. Rajaratnam's scholarly background. • Expertise in Healthcare, Education, and AI: Prepare for in-depth discussions in these fields, reflecting Dr. Rajaratnam's extensive experience and contributions. • Ethical and Global Perspective: Factor in ethical considerations for AI applications and be sensitive to international norms, given Dr. Rajaratnam's global collaborations and ethical guidelines. • Technological and Interdisciplinary Focus: Be ready to introduce tech-based solutions and consider interdisciplinary approaches, corresponding with his interests in instructional design and AI. • Social Impact and Local Context: Prioritize broader social impact and humanitarian goals, and adapt information to the Singaporean and Malaysian context, where Dr. Rajaratnam is actively engaged.
  • 40.
    Generative AI platforms Feature ChatGPTMicrosoft Copilot Integration Available as an API that can be integrated into different applications1 Integrated with Microsoft 365 and other services1 Specialization Designed to mimic human conversation by understanding your question or comment and responding in an engaging and conversational way1 AI-powered digital assistant that aims to provide personalized assistance to users for a range of tasks and activities1 Versatility Can handle a wide range of tasks and domains, such as writing essays, emails, poems, songs, summaries, etc1 Combines the power of large language models (LLMs) with your data in the Microsoft Graph (including your calendar, emails, chats, documents, meetings, and more) and the Microsoft 365 apps1 Control Gives more control to the user over what they want to generate1 Works as a digital assistant that fills in the blanks for the user1
  • 43.
    Aspect ChatGPT ResponseOther Chatbot Response Non-invasiveness & Practicality Mentioned as a key advantage, emphasizing suitability for community settings. Highlighted as a practical tool for community screening due to its rapid, non-invasive nature. Early Detection Stressed the ability to detect small fiber damage before clinical symptoms. Noted for its use in early detection, particularly of small fiber nerves. Correlation with Neuropathy Severity Discussed the correlation between CCM findings and neuropathy severity. Not specifically addressed. Predictive Value Mentioned its potential in predicting the development of diabetic neuropathy. Focused on predictive validity, especially for future development of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Repeatability and Reliability Emphasized the importance of repeatability and reliability. Briefly mentioned as repeatable but didn't elaborate on reliability. Telemedicine Potential Addressed the potential use in telemedicine. Not discussed. Limitations and Challenges Discussed limitations such as the need for specialized equipment and training. Not discussed. Detailed Description Provided a detailed, multifaceted analysis. More focused on key points, less detailed in comparison.
  • 44.
    ChatGPT4 Opinion • ChatGPTResponse: This response is comprehensive, addressing various aspects, including predictive value, telemedicine potential, and limitations. It provides a nuanced understanding of CCM's role in diabetic neuropathy screening, suitable for an audience seeking an in-depth analysis. • Co Pilot Response: This response is concise and focused, highlighting key advantages of CCM, such as its non- invasiveness and predictive validity. It's more streamlined, making it suitable for readers looking for a quick overview without extensive background detail. ChatGPT offers a detailed, academic-oriented approach, beneficial for in-depth understanding, while the other chatbot provides a succinct summary, ideal for a general overview. Both have their unique strengths, and the preference would depend on the depth of information and type of analysis the user requires.
  • 45.
    Copilot Opinion CopilotResponse GPT4 Response Early Detection Emphasized the ability of CCM to detect small fibre damage at an early stage. Highlighted the importance of early detection and intervention in diabetes. Non-Invasive Nature Mentioned the non-invasive nature of CCM. Discussed the non-invasive nature of CCM and its suitability for community settings. Predictive Value Highlighted the predictive value of CCM in identifying high-risk individuals. Discussed the predictive capability of CCM in identifying high-risk individuals. Repeatability and Reliability Discussed the repeatability and reliability of CCM for monitoring disease progression. Mentioned the repeatability and reliability of CCM, and its importance for longitudinal studies and screening programs. Correlation with Neuropathy Severity - Mentioned the correlation of CCM findings with neuropathy severity. Potential in Telemedicine - Discussed the potential of CCM in telemedicine. Limitations and Challenges - Outlined the limitations and challenges of implementing CCM in community settings. Please note that “-” indicates that the topic was not covered in the respective response. Both responses provide a comprehensive overview of the role of CCM in diabetic neuropathy screening. However, the user’s response provides a more detailed discussion by including the correlation with neuropathy severity, potential in telemedicine, and the limitations and challenges of CCM. These additional details offer a more nuanced understanding of the practical implications of using CCM in community settings
  • 47.
    Login to yourchoice of Generative AI • Ask a clinical question based on a good prompt and have three conversations related to your question. • Share your responses • How would you use it in your practice? • Post to this Padlet
  • 48.
  • 49.
    Patient Triage: •Appropriate levelof care Mental Health Support: •Immediate, cost- effective Patient Education: •Provide reliable and continuous information, explain treatment options, or clarify post-operative care instructions. Remote Monitoring: •Ensure medication adherence, and alert clinicians about anomalies. Clinical Decision Support: •Data-driven insights to support clinical decisions. Confidentiality and Compliance: Ensure that all interactions are secure and compliant with healthcare regulations.
  • 52.
    Creating your FirstAI Chatbot for Clinical Use
  • 53.
  • 59.
  • 66.
    Overcoming Bias • Anglocentrism •Contextual Understanding • Translation Limitations • Data Imbalance
  • 67.
    Steps in ChatbotDevelopment
  • 68.
  • 69.
    Use a clinicalsituation / administrative problem and craft prompts for the various AI platforms and post the response
  • 70.
    Relevance to healthcareeducation • Adapts to individual student needs Personalized Learning: • Creating diverse and engaging educational materials. Content Creation: • Interactive learning experiences (Chatbot) Student Engagement: • Provides real-time assessment and feedback . Assessment and Feedback: • content accessible to diverse learners Accessibility: • Facilitates collaboration among students and educators, bridging geographical and language barriers. Collaboration and Communication:
  • 71.
    Personalized Learning • Tailorseducational content Adaptive Content Delivery: • Provides instant feedback and real-time assistance Real-Time Feedback and Support: • Engages with interactive dialogues and Simulates scenarios. Interactive Learning Environments: • Analyses - identify strengths and weaknesses for personalized learning. Data-Driven Insights: • Adapts content to diverse learners & multiple languages. Accessibility and Inclusivity: • Facilitates collaborative learning experiences and peer interactions. Collaboration and Peer Interaction: • Seamlessly integrates with Learning Management Systems (LMS) Integration with Existing Platforms: • Supports lifelong learning and Assists in tracking and maintaining professional development Continuous Learning and Skill Development: • Ensures ethical guidelines and privacy regulations. Ethical and Privacy Considerations: • Aligns personalized learning experiences and Ensures relevance to real- world medical practice Alignment with Healthcare Objectives:
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 76.
    1.Question: Which ofthe following statements best describes the role of HbA1c in managing diabetes? 1. A) HbA1c is primarily used to diagnose acute diabetic complications. 2. B) HbA1c levels reflect the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. 3. C) HbA1c is a short-term marker for blood glucose fluctuation. 4. D) HbA1c measures the immediate postprandial blood glucose level. Answer: B) HbA1c levels reflect the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. 1.Question: A 54-year-old patient with Type 2 diabetes presents with an HbA1c of 8.0%. What is the most appropriate initial approach? 1. A) Immediate hospitalisation for insulin therapy. 2. B) Evaluation and optimisation of the current treatment regimen. 3. C) Disregarding the HbA1c level as it is within the normal range. 4. D) Starting an antihypertensive medication .hospitalisation
  • 77.
    Act like a virtual patientand provide me symptoms and history so that I can improve my clinical skills
  • 79.
    I have beenasked to create a module for the examination of the abdomen for organomegaly for medical students. Create a curriculum and include learning outcomes and the pedagogy and a lesson plan
  • 81.
  • 84.
    Creating Images withAI Vaikunthan Rajaratnam
  • 85.
  • 86.
  • 89.
    • Be clear& descriptive • Specific styles or techniques • Create a test version • Evaluate the result • Refine the prompt • Iterative process
  • 90.
    AI for VideoProduction & Image generation Draft Learning Outcomes LO to Prompt ChatGPT for video script Import/edi t script to AI Video Generator Add personalised media Choose Voiceover type Produce Review and Upload
  • 91.
    Write a script forthe introduction of the anatomy of the organomegaly medical student module. This will be a 90 second video script. Just provide the narration
  • 92.
  • 98.
  • 99.
    Generating Lecture Content • Participantsuse their prompts to generate an outline and main content for a lecture. Validating AI Responses • Participants validate and refine the AI- generated content for their lecture. Integrating and Refining Lecture Content • Finalizing the lecture content, incorporating validated information and personal expertise.
  • 100.
    Part 1: Scriptwriting withChatGPT • Participants create a draft script for a surgical procedure or topic of their choice using ChatGPT. • Copy script and edit in word doc. Part 2: Creating AI- Generated Art • Participants generate AI art relevant to their video script. • Download for use in video Part 3: Video Assembly using InVideo (40 minutes) • Overview of InVideo interface and features. • Integrating AI- generated art and script into a cohesive video. • Using text-to-speech for narration.
  • 103.
  • 104.
  • 105.
    Research Question Brainstorm Questions Search Choose Table Columns(PICO) Download •CSV •Bib Paste to WORD Import to Zotero SUMMARY
  • 106.
    ASK YOUR QUESTION MODIFYRESPONSE DOWNLOAD THE RESPONSE
  • 107.
    Using SCISPACE Analyse yourdocuments with Generative AI
  • 108.
    Add SciSpace Copilotto your browser AI research assistant that explains the text, math, and tables in scientific literature like research papers, technical blog posts, or reports. You can also ask follow-up questions, and it will give you instant answers.
  • 110.
  • 115.
    Title insights AuthorsDate Journal name Asian (Bio)Values: Constructing Asian Difference and Biovalue in the Singapore Diabetes Discourse The provided information does not address the integration of Asian values into western bioethics frameworks. Mohammad Khamsya Bin Khidzer 21/6/2023 Science, Technology, & Human Values Bioethics Across the Globe: Rebirthing Bioethics The paper suggests discussing Bioethics in Asia" to incorporate Asian values into the existing framework of bioethics." Akira Akabayashi 19/5/2020 Beyond a Western Bioethics in Asia and Its Implication on Autonomy. The article explores integrating Asian values into Western bioethics frameworks, particularly in the areas of breaking bad news, giving consent, determining best interests, and end-of-life care. Mark Tan Kiak Min 8/7/2017 Translating Asian Bioethics into developing global Biocultures Translational Challenges In Bioethics Hans-Martin Sass 22/12/2015 Jahr - European journal of bioethics Culture and ethics in medical education: The Asian perspective. Muhammad Shahid Shamim, Lubna Baig, Adrienne Torda, Chinthaka Balasooriya 1/3/2018 Journal of Pakistan Medical Association Bioethics as an Approach to Nanoethics in China and the EU Sally Dalton-Brown 1/1/2015 Bioethics in East Asia: Development and Issues Myongsei Sohn 1/1/2016 (East) Asia" as a Platform for Debate: Grouping and Bioethics." Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner 1/1/2016 Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal Western or Eastern principles in globalized bioethics? An Asian perspective view Michael Cheng-Tek Tai 1/3/2013 Tzu Chi Medical Journal Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Claire Lajaunie, Serge Morand, Tan Boon Huan 1/1/2014
  • 118.
  • 121.
    Elicit.com/Typeset.io • Synthesis and Summariseof index papers Generative AI • Prompt • Synthesise • Summarise Paraphrase with Typeset AI Detection with Typeset Paste into Word
  • 126.
    Practical exercise • UseGen AI to help with generating content, phrasing, or grammar and style checking as needed. Feel free to collaborate with your peers, share ideas, and provide feedback to each other. • After completing the draft, share it with the group if you feel comfortable. We'll discuss the drafts collectively, providing constructive feedback and suggestions for improvement. • Validate the responses of ChatGPT and incorporate in writing • Remember, the introduction is your chance to grab the reader's attention and convince them of the importance of your research, so make it engaging and informative! (use this in your prompts when writing the introduction!)
  • 127.
    Peer review and Feedback • Present your prompts and the responses • Show your Literature Table • Show how you validated the Generative AI’s response
  • 128.
    Goals • Purpose and componentsof methods • Structure the methods • Typeset for methods review • Using ChatGPT with prompts
  • 129.
    Purpose and Structureof the Methods Section Explanation of the procedures used Selection of Participants Description of Procedures and Materials Data Collection Methods Data Analysis Methods Ethical Considerations Limitations and Assumptions Replicability of the Study
  • 130.
    AI Tools forRESEARCH • Elicit for Literature Search • Scholarcy and Typeset for data extraction and summary • Genei.io for summarisation and key points highlighting • Keyword generation with ChatGPT ( targeted prompt engineering)
  • 131.
  • 132.
    Choose PDF fileto upload
  • 133.
    Add to your collectionof choice and click DONE
  • 134.
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  • 137.
  • 138.
    CLICK on a paperto see summaries and Interrogate as per needs
  • 139.
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    The Art andScience of Qualitative Research https://tinyurl.com/QUALIRE Introduction to research in healthcare https://tinyurl.com/HCARERE AICHAT BT FOR Research in healthcare https://tinyurl.com/HCAREREBOT AI-Powered Academic Writing Write Your Research Paper in a Day https://tinyurl.com/AIAWRITE AI CHAT BOT for AI_POWERED ACADEMIC WRITING https://tinyurl.com/AIAWRITEBOT https://tinyurl.com/AIHP2023SKH

Editor's Notes

  • #21 The clinical domain refers to identifying real‐world clinical needs and validating these needs throughout the life cycle of the project. Herein, the major risks, objectives and key results, and practical advice, across the three time‐phases of development, are presented. IF THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY OR IS OWNED BY A THIRD PARTY, AS INDICATED IN THE CAPTION LINE, THEN FURTHER PERMISSION MAY BE NEEDED BEFORE ANY FURTHER USE. PLEASE CONTACT WILEY'S PERMISSIONS DEPARTMENT ON [email protected] OR USE THE RIGHTSLINK SERVICE BY CLICKING ON THE 'REQUEST PERMISSIONS' LINK ACCOMPANYING THIS ARTICLE. WILEY OR AUTHOR OWNED IMAGES MAY BE USED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSES, SUBJECT TO PROPER CITATION OF THE ARTICLE, AUTHOR, AND PUBLISHER.
  • #28 Infographics
  • #29 Whether the watermills of millennial past, or the today's lecture room mechanics, plentiful evidence points to humanity's long history of creating a paradise to undertake a repetitive work.
  • #33 Add title