Ai lecture 02(unit03)
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The document discusses the three levels of implementation of knowledge-based agents (KBA) in artificial intelligence: the knowledge level, where the agent's knowledge and goals are defined; the logical level, which encodes this knowledge into formal sentences; and the implementation level, where the agent executes actions based on the logic derived. It provides examples of how these levels apply to agents like house cleaning and automated taxis. Additionally, it outlines the structure of a generic knowledge-based agent program and its operations.
Ai lecture 02(unit03)
- 1. Topic To Be Covered: Levels of Implementation of KBA Jagdamba Education Society's SND College of Engineering & Research Centre Department of Computer Engineering SUBJECT: Artificial Intelligence & Robotics Lecture No-02(UNIT-03) Logic & Reasoning Prof.Dhakane Vikas N
- 2. Levels of Implementation of KBA 1. Knowledge level Knowledge level is the first level of knowledge-based agent, and in this level, we need to specify what the agent knows, and what the agent goals are. In this level agent know the fact/information about the surrounding environment in which they are working. This level describes the agent by what it knows, i.e. through its knowledge base. In this level, the information that the agent has, its goals and the utility are defined.
- 3. Levels of Implementation of KBA 1. Knowledge level Initial knowledge of knowledge base is called background knowledge. Agent at the knowledge level can be viewed as an agent for which one ,only need to specify what the agent knows & what its goal are in order to specify its behaviour, regardless of how it is to be implemented. Example1:A house cleaning agent knows where the mop is and where the floor is and where the cleaning material like the soap and detergents are kept. All this is defined in the knowledge level. Example:02:suppose an automated taxi agent needs to go from a station A to station B & He knows that there is Bridge X which connects station A and Station B.
- 4. Levels of Implementation of KBA 2. Logical Level In the logical level, the raw and discrete information which is present in the knowledge level is encoded into sentences. This level uses some formal language to represent the knowledge the agent has. There are two types of representation of logic :1)Proposition Logic 2) First order logic. At the logical level, an encoding of knowledge into logical sentences occurs Example: Links(X,A,B)
- 5. Levels of Implementation of KBA 3. Implementation Level This is the final layer of the knowledge-based agent. In the implementation level, the logic which the agent has derived in the logical level is brought to implementation. At the implementation level agent perform actions as per logical and knowledge level. Example:01:At this level, an automated taxi agent actually implement his knowledge and logic so that he can reach to the destination. Example:02:The cleaning agent after finding the place to clean finally takes action and cleans the dirt on the floor and as a result, the agent gets clean floor which is the goal state that the agent is designed to achieve.
- 6. Levels of Implementation of KBA function KB-AGENT(percept): persistent: KB:a knowledge base t:a counter, initially 0, indicating time TELL(KB, MAKE-PERCEPT-SENTENCE(percept, t)) Action = ASK(KB, MAKE-ACTION-QUERY(t)) TELL(KB, MAKE-ACTION-SENTENCE(action, t)) t = t + 1 return action The MAKE-PERCEPT-SENTENCE generates a sentence as setting that the agent perceived the given percept at the given time. The MAKE-ACTION-QUERY generates a sentence to ask which action should be done at the current time. MAKE-ACTION-SENTENCE generates a sentence which asserts that the chosen action was executed.
- 7. Levels of Implementation of KBA Following is the structure outline of a generic knowledge-based agents program: function KB-AGENT(percept): persistent: KB:a knowledge base t:a counter, initially 0, indicating time TELL(KB, MAKE-PERCEPT-SENTENCE(percept, t)) Action = ASK(KB, MAKE-ACTION-QUERY(t)) TELL(KB, MAKE-ACTION-SENTENCE(action, t)) t = t + 1 return action The knowledge-based agent takes percept as input and returns an action as output. The agent maintains the knowledge base, KB, and it initially has some background knowledge of the real world. It also has a counter to indicate the time for the whole process, and this counter is initialized with zero.
- 8. Levels of Implementation of KBA function KB-AGENT(percept): persistent: KB:a knowledge base t:a counter, initially 0, indicating time TELL(KB, MAKE-PERCEPT-SENTENCE(percept, t)) Action = ASK(KB, MAKE-ACTION-QUERY(t)) TELL(KB, MAKE-ACTION-SENTENCE(action, t)) t = t + 1 return action Each time when the function is called, it performs its three operations: Firstly it TELLs the KB what it perceives. Secondly, it asks KB what action it should take Third agent program TELLS the KB that which action was chosen.