Air quality sampling and monitoring

AIR QUALITY SAMPLING AND MONITORING
SANT LONGOWAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

 A I R Q U A L I T Y
 A I R S A M P L I N G T E C H N I Q U E
 A I R S A M P L I N G P R O C E D U R E S
 C H O I C E O F M O N I TO R I N G
E Q U I P M E N T
 C A L I B R AT I O N P R O C E D U R E S
 A I R P O L L U T I O N C O N T R O L
E Q U I P M E N T
 L E G I S L AT I O N F O R C O N T R O L O F
A I R P O L L U T I O N
 R E F E R E N C E S

WHAT IS AIR QUALITY?
 Complicated by a lack of knowledge as to what
is "clean" and what we mean by quality.
 Main reason for air pollution control programs
is to protect public health - define air quality
based on its effects on people and the
environment.
 Effects of air pollution are chronic and not
immediately obvious.

MEASUREMENTS OF AIR QUALITY
GENERALLY FALL INTO THREE
CLASSES: – Measurements of Emissions - also called
source sampling - when a particular emission
source is measured, generally by on the spot
tests.
 Meteorological Measurement - Measures
meteorological factors that show how
pollutants are transferred from source to
recipient.
 Ambient Air Quality - Measures the quality of all
the air in a particular place. Almost all the
evidence of health effects is based on these
measurements

AIR SAMPLING TECHNIQUES:
 Most air pollution monitoring equipment performs
the act of sampling and analysis in one action = real
time measurement.
 Older equipment = intermittent sampling (time lag
between when the sample was obtained and when
data was available).
 Almost all gaseous pollutants are monitored by real
time analysis - Particulate pollutants are still mostly
monitored by intermittent sampling, even though
real time methods are available

AIR SAMPLING PROCEDURES:
 Conducted by static, grab, intermittent or
continuous procedures.
 First air monitoring used Static sampling -
simple and cheap – requires days for data e.g.
deposit gauge.
 Grab sampling not commonly used to monitor
ambient air quality – uses bladders of syringes.

SITE SELECTION:
General Requirements for Site Selection
 purpose of monitoring.
 Number and type of instruments required.
 Duration of measurements.
 Best available general guide comes from
AS2922.
 Should be easily accessible.

CHOICE OF MONITORING EQUIPMENT:
 For almost every type of air pollutant there are
several different acceptable methods of analysis.
 The type of equipment and methodology used for
analysis may be determined by many factors such
as
– cost
– the number of data points required
– the purpose for which the data are being used
– the time interval required between data points
– the devices power requirements
– the type of air pollutant, and
– the environment in which the monitoring
equipment is being placed

CALIBRATION PROCEDURES:
 When a device uses airflow input need to calibrate
the airflow system.
 Involves using a device or a pre-calibrated gas flow
meter to check on the ambient airflow into the
device.
 All devices MUST be calibrated according to
manufacturer’s spec’s in maintenance manual -
times and results of these MUST be kept in the
instrument logbook.

TWO TYPES OF CALIBRATION
PROCEDURES COMMONLY USED ON
AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT:
 Static methods - Involve a simple one point
electrical or chemical test.
 Dynamic methods - Based on generating a
flowing stream of calibration gas – which is
used to calibrate the whole instrument =
preferred method for calibration.

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT:
Equipment presently available to control air
pollution are:
I. Gravitational settling chamber
II. Cyclone separator
III. Fabric filters
IV. Electrostatic precipitators
V. Spray towers

GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING
CHAMBER:

LEGISLATION FOR CONTROL OF AIR
POLLUTION:According to the Environment Protection
Act of 1986, Environment is that which
includes the “inter-relationship which
exists among and between water, air, and
land and human beings, other living
creatures, plants, micro-organism and
property.”

THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
POLLUTION) ACT, 1981 This Act was passed for the “prevention,
control and abatement of air pollution.”
 This law defined an air pollutant as “any solid,
liquid or gaseous substance present in the
atmosphere in such concentration as may be or
tend to be injurious to human beings or other
living creatures or plants or property or
environment.”

.
 In this Act, power to declare air pollution,
control areas has been given to the state
government after consulting the State Board.
 By this, it may control or even prohibit burning
of certain materials in those specific areas.
 This Act requires approval prior to operating
any industrial plant.

.
 Government may suggest “control equipment”
prior to giving its consent to any industry for its
operation.
 It may include chimney etc. In case there is any
new technology for emission control, then the
Board may insist on this to being installed.
 Standards specific to industries have been
specified.

.
 Penalties were for a minimum of six months
imprisonment to a maximum of seven years and
fine up to Rs-5,000 for every day during which
contravention continues after conviction for the
first such contravention.
 This law makes it clear that when offenses are
committed by a company, its director, manager,
secretary or other officers could be held guilty
and punished accordingly.

Air quality sampling and monitoring

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