1. The document discusses through-life costs, which are the total costs of owning an aircraft over its lifetime, including acquisition, maintenance, fuel and personnel costs. It notes that customers are increasingly asking manufacturers like Airbus to consider through-life costs in aircraft design.
2. Airbus is taking several initiatives to address through-life costs, such as collaborating on integrated wing and life cycle cost modeling projects. These aim to better evaluate how new technologies impact overall costs.
3. Balancing performance improvements with implementation costs will be important for future designs to meet environmental and resource constraints while remaining affordable over the long run.