All About Access Points in RDA
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The document provides a comprehensive overview of access points in RDA (Resource Description and Access), detailing definitions, examples, and guidelines for creating authorized access points for personal names, corporate names, and works/expressions. It outlines the significance of access points in bibliographic records, as well as MARC coding for different entities. Additionally, it discusses the evolution and principles of RDA, emphasizing its adaptability to modern digital environments.
All About Access Points in RDA
- 1. All About Access Points in RDA Shana McDanold Head, Metadata Services
- 2. Agenda Introductions What is an access point? Personal names Corporate names Relationships Conferences Works/expressions Wrap-up 2
- 3. Introductions and Acknowledgements Who am I and why am I teaching this? Attendees intro Slide content credits: Library of Congress COIN PCC Standing Committee on Training 3
- 4. RDA Toolkit Tabs RDA – text of RDA Tools RDA element set RDA mappings (MARC-RDA; MODS-RDA) RDA record examples Workflows – can be global (public) or local Maps – Metadata Application Profiles Entity Relationship Diagrams (FRBR, FRAD, etc.) Schemas – element sets Resources AACR2 LC-PCC PS (policy statements) Other (various links) 4
- 5. RDA Toolkit Updates “When there is a new release for RDA Toolkit, it is made on the second Tuesday of the month. Releases typically contain updates to content and metadata, enhancements to RDA Toolkit functionality, and fixes to existing bugs.” (RDA Toolkit blog) April 22, 2014 Next: August 12, 2014, and other releases are currently scheduled for October 2014, February 2015 and April 2105 Training RDA Toolkit Essentials - FREE 5
- 6. What is an access point? RDA definitions: Access point: refers to a name, term, code, etc., representing a specific person, family, or corporate body. Access points include both authorized access points and variant access points. Authorized access point: refers to the standardized access point representing an entity. The authorized access point representing a person, family, or corporate body is constructed using the preferred name for the person, family, or corporate body. 6
- 7. So what are we doing? 7 Creating the authorized access point in the bibliographic record Focus: RDA Section 3: Recording Attributes of Person, Family, and Corporate Body Goals: Differentiation Representation – “common usage” Preferred name: refers to the name or form of name chosen to identify a person, family, or corporate body. The preferred name is also the basis for the authorized access point representing that person, family, or corporate body.
- 8. Personal Names RDA Chapter 9: Identifying Persons Focus: chapter 9.0 – chapter 9.3, chapter 9.19 Main elements Preferred name Name by which the person is commonly known 9.2.2 Dates (birth, death, period of activity) Include if known Additional Guidelines in Appendix F Includes instructions for non-English names, compound surnames, and non-Latin script names 8
- 9. Personal Names 9 Definition (RDA 8.1.2) An individual or an identity established by an individual (either alone or in collaboration with one or more other individuals) RDA 9.0 Persons include persons named in sacred scriptures or apocryphal books, fictitious and legendary persons, and real non-human entities.
- 10. Personal Names 10 MARC coding 100 1_, 600 10, 700 1_ $a Last name, First name Middle name $c Words/titles associated with the name $d Dates (use a – (dash) for open dates) $e Relationship designator term Examples 100 1_ $a Borges, Jorge Luis, $d 1899-1996 600 10 $a Holmes, Sherlock 700 1_ $a King, Martin Luther, $c Jr.
- 11. Personal Names 11 Exercise Construct the preferred personal name(s) to use based on the resource you have in hand
- 12. Corporate Names RDA Chapter 11: Identifying Corporate Bodies Focus: chapter 11.0 – chapter 11.4, chapters 11.6, 11.13 Main elements Preferred name name chosen to identify the corporate body; can be the name it is frequently identified as (may be different that official name) Dates (establishment, termination) Type of corporate body (if needed for clarity) 12
- 13. Corporate Names 13 Definition (RDA 8.1.2) An organization or group of persons and/or organizations that is identified by a particular name and that acts, or may act, as a unit. RDA 11.0 Typical examples of corporate bodies are associations, institutions, business firms, nonprofit enterprises, governments, government agencies, projects and programs, religious bodies, local church groups identified by the name of the church, and conferences. Ad hoc events (e.g., athletic contests, exhibitions, expeditions, fairs, and festivals) and vessels (e.g., ships and spacecraft) are considered to be corporate bodies.
- 14. Corporate Names 14 MARC coding 110 1_/2_, 610 10/20, 710 1_/2_ 1st indicator 1 = direct entry; 1st indicator 2 = subordinate entry $a Corporate name $b Subordinate unit $e Relationship designator term Examples 110 2_ $a Catholic Church. $b Archdiocese of Washington (D.C.) 110 1_ $a RAND Corporation. 110 1_ $a America’s Test Kitchen.
- 15. Corporate Names 15 Exercise Construct the preferred corporate name(s) to use based on the resource you have in hand
- 16. Relationships RDA Section 6: Recording Relationships to Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies RDA Appendix I: Relationship Designators: Relationships between a Resource and Persons, Families, and Corporate Bodies Associated with the Resource 16
- 17. Relationships 17 Exercise Identify the primary relationship to the resource and apply the appropriate relationship designator
- 18. Conferences RDA Chapter 11: Identifying Corporate Bodies Subset of same definitions: RDA 8.1.2 and RDA 11.0 Includes meetings, events, expeditions, etc. Main elements Preferred name Dates the date or range of dates on which a conference, congress, meeting, exhibition, fair, festival, etc., was held. Location of the conference Number of the conference 18
- 19. Conferences 19 Special Notes RDA 11.2.2.11: Omit from the name of a conference, etc., indications of its number, or year or years of convocation, etc. Apply this instruction to the name of a congress, meeting, exhibition, fair, festival, etc., and to the name of a conference, etc., treated as a subordinate body
- 20. Conferences 20 MARC coding 111 2_, 611 20, 711 2_ $a Meeting name $c Location of meeting $d Date of meeting $n Number of part/section/meeting $e Subordinate unit Order: 111 2_ $a $n( :$d ;$c ).$e
- 21. Conferences 21 Examples 111 2_ $a Encuesta nacional sobre “Percepcion sobre las victimas del terrorismo en Espana” $n (2nd :$d 2006) ICLA 2011 $d(2011 :$c Delhi, India) International Workshop on Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies $n(8th :$d 2010 ;$c Toronto, Ont.)
- 22. Conferences 22 Exercise Construct the preferred conference name to use based on the resource you have in hand
- 23. Works and Expressions RDA 6.27: Constructing Access Points to Represent Works and Expressions When do we need this? New expression of existing work (ex. Translations) Original work or a new work based on a previously existing work Parts of a work 23
- 24. Works and Expressions 24 MARC coding 130/730 #_ + 1st indicator = number of non-filing characters 240 1# + 2nd indicator = number of non-filing characters $a Title $k Form subheading (Selections; etc.) $l Language $n Number of part/section $p Name of part/section $f Date of work Valid entries for representing complete works ($a) by a creator: Works, Correspondence, Essays, Librettos, Lyrics, Novels, Plays, Poems, Prose works, Short stories, Speeches
- 25. Works and Expressions 25 Special notes Only ONE language in each $l; for expressions translated two or more languages, use a 130/240 for the primary language, and a 730 for the additional language(s) If neither is primary, put the first in the 130/240 and the additional language(s) in the 730 Base the name of the language on the form found in the current edition of MARC Code List for Languages
- 26. Works and Expressions 26 Examples 240 10 $a Poems. $k Selections. 240 10 $a Works. $f 2013. 240 10 $a Casa de los espiritus. $l English.
- 27. Works and Expressions 27 Exercise Construct the preferred name of the work Construct the preferred name of the work with language expression
- 28. Questions? 28
- 30. Cataloging brief history Early cataloging codes No “one” set for US libraries 1940s: ALA cataloging rules 1961 IFLA’s Paris Principles Cutter’s Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalog 1967: Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR) 2 versions!: North American text and a British text 1969: ISBDs (consolidated in 2007) 1978: Anglo-American Cataloging Rules Revised (AACR2) Revisions: 1988, 1998, 2002 1960s: MARC developed (Henriette Avram) Work completed 1969 US standard by 1971; international standard 1973 Several “flavors” of MARC 30
- 31. So why RDA? And why now? AACR2 is based on a card environment, thus it is limited by that 3x5 inch boundary RDA is designed for the web and online communication, making use of how intertwined the web is to share information From RDA 0.0 Purpose and Scope: “RDA provides a set of guidelines and instructions on formulating data to support resource discovery.” “RDA provides a comprehensive set of guidelines and instructions covering all types of content and media.” 31
- 32. So why RDA? And why now? RDA Objectives (RDA 0.4.2): Responsiveness to user needs Cost efficiency Flexibility Continuity RDA Principles (RDA 0.4.3) Differentiation Sufficiency Relationships Representation Accuracy Attribution Common usage or practice Uniformity 32
- 33. So why RDA? And why now? Specific RDA Goals Easy to use and interpret Applicable to an online, networked environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media Encourage use beyond library community Compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed-upon principles Separate content and carrier data, and separate content from display Examples – numerous and appropriate 33
- 34. RDA – the birth story 2005: Final update of AACR2 2002 ed. 1997: International Conference on the Principles & Future Development of AACR 2002: AACR3 development begins 2003-2007: meetings of the International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) 2005: AACR3 renamed RDA: Resource Description and Access 2006, 2007: drafts of RDA chapters and appendices 2008: first full draft of RDA 2009: delivered to the publishers 2010: first published in the RDA Toolkit 2010/2011: testing, testing 2012: re-writing by an editor, other tasks designated by U.S. Test Coordinating Committee March 31, 2013: RDA implementation! 34
- 35. FRBR family? Family: FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records FRAD: Functional Requirements for Authority Data FRSAD: Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data Conceptual model used as the foundation for RDA FRBR: WEMI attributes/elements (resource) FRAD/FRSAD: entitles (persons, corporate bodies) and subjects (concepts) associated with the resource Focus: user tasks and relationships35
- 36. FRBR User Tasks Find to locate either a single entity or a set of entities as the result of a search using an attribute or relationship of the entity Identify to confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics Select to choose an entity that meets the user's requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject an entity as being inappropriate to the user's needs Obtain to acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically through an online connection 36
- 37. FRBR Structure Group 1 (WEMI): products of intellectual of artistic endeavor Work Expression Manifestation Item Group 2: entitles responsible for Group 1 production/creation Person Corporate Body Family Group 3: subjects for works (Group1) Concept Object Event Place 37
- 38. 38 Work Expression Manifestation Item is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by Inherent Group 1 Relationships FRBR Structure – Group 1
- 39. FRBR Structure - Relationships 39 Work Expression Manifestation Item is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by Person Corporate Body Family Relationships Between Groups 1 and 2
- 40. An important distinction FRBR conceptual model RDA/AACR2: content standard ISBD display format/standard MARC/MARC21 communication format other communication formats: ONIX, Dublin Core 40
Editor's Notes
- #3: This course is NOT for NACO work. This is about constructing the “authorized access point” in a record when there is no record in the National Authority File.
- #4: Introduce yourself. Recommend including committee/task force work, general cataloging background/experience, any other teaching/workshop experience, RDA experience/involvement Group intros: name, library, RDA experience, and: “Favorite Summer Treat”
- #5: Primary tool for using/accessing text and content of RDA
- #6: Updates content and metadata: updates both major and “fast track” changes and corrections May 14 – all reworded chapters are now released/published RDA Toolkit Essentials – archives available on RDA Toolkit Teaching and Training page; new sessions held regularly
- #10: What is a real or fictitious non-human entity? Miss Piggy, Socks the cat, Bo the dog, etc. Fictitious or legendary persons? Paul Bunyan, Ms. Fletcher
- #15: Key words indicating a subordinate unit: department, committee, etc. A subordinate unit cannot act without the authority/support of the parent unit.
- #17: Can have more than one relationship designator; each term is input in a separate $e Order? – WEMI (work – expression – manifestation – item) Item relationships are for the specific individual piece and are at the LOCAL record level 1xx relationships are primarily at the Work and Expression level 7xx relationships can be work, expression, or manifestation
- #31: Multiple sets – different communities had their own sets – Law, serials, medical, etc. 1940s the ALA cataloging rules emerged as more primary, but various rules had existed for many years (Cutter’s dictionary arrangement, etc.) AACR – North America and UK couldn’t agree on certain approaches (corporate bodies – US entered some under place instead of under the name itself) Resulted in the famous AACR2 migration and de-superimposition of headings MARC flavors: UKMARC, USMARC, MARC21, MARCXML, etc.
- #32: AACR2 – based on cards; limited by that 3x5 environment (ex: rule of 3, abbreviations) – cards are expensive, data is cheap also limited to print world have to “shoehorn” non-print formats into MARC and AACR2 structure intertwined with MARC and ISBD tied to bibliographic *library* world – data in a silo RDA – designed for the web and online, looks to future of web interactions open our data up to be used and transferred and connected to Read RDA Toolkit 0.0 Purpose and Scope and 0.1 Key Features
- #34: Used during RDA development and testing for evaluation and guidance on future development/changes
- #35: ICP meetings outcome: IFLA Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (published Feb. 2009): http://www.ifla.org/publications/statement-of-international-cataloguing-principles RDA tasks from U.S. Test Coordinating Committee: http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/source/rda-execsummary-public-13june11.pdf Re-writing RDA in clear, unambiguous, plain English ; RDA Toolkit improvement ; RDA updating process ; full set of examples ; BIBFRAME development ; training plan ; documentation/tools RDA: for awhile jokingly called “Recently Delayed Again” due to delays in drafts, reviews, publishing, etc.
- #37: Exemplifies why we do what we do – end goal: we make stuff findable!
- #38: Group 1 – products of intellectual of artistic endeavor Group 2 – entitles responsible for Group 1 production/creation Group 3 – serve as subjects for the work These groups correspond to the user tasks: Find – work/expression – what I want – matches my search Identify – work/expression – this version of the work (recording, text, etc.) Select – manifestation – this is the format/language I want/need Obtain – item – how to I get it? Example? (suggestion from group)
- #39: 38
- #40: 39
- #41: Communication format: just the “container” to hold the content of the description; a “wrapper” for the data ISBD tells us how to display that content RDA/AACR2 tells us how to identify and enter the content FRBR conceptual model tells us how to structure the content and what content needs to be included Example: creator =/= 1xx field; creator can be entered any authorized access point e.g. the creator of the resource you are describing may have a creator role such as editor