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- 1. UNIT II: Unpacking theSelf Lesson 2: The Sexual Self
- 2. INTRODUCTION We now proceedto another version of self, the SEXUAL one. I would like to emphasize that we are taking this topic in an OBJECTIVE manner i.e., WITHOUT MALICE. We will approach this in a mature way for purposes of understanding our own sexuality. Remember that WE ARE SEXUAL BEINGS, regardless of one’s civil status, profession, race, etc
- 3. Meaning and Natureof the Sexual Self When mothers give birth, their offspring are generally classified based on the sex organ the babies are endowed with. How do we become males and females anatomically speaking? The female offspring is a result of the combination of the XX chromosomes at the time of fertilization while the XY combination results in a male offspring. The dominant male hormone is the Testosterone while the female hormones are estrogen & progesterone.
- 4. As human beingsgrow, developmental changes are normally occurring, starting from infancy to adulthood. For each of these changes, bodies grow and develop through the process of maturation. Maturation refers to the development of secondary sexual characteristics. During puberty, the sex glands ovaries for girls and testes for boys become active leading to the increased production of the sex hormones. This will initiate the unfolding of the menarche (first menstruation) for the girls and nocturnal emission (wet dreams) for the boys. These signal the sexual maturation of the persons.
- 5. LEARNING OUTCOMES: At theend of this lesson, you should be able to: 1. explore the different aspects of the sexual self, 2. understand the role of hormones in sexual behavior, 3. demonstrate reflective thought in analyzing consequences of sexual behavior, 4. express appreciation for the gift of being a sexual person.
- 6. ABSTRACTION There are socalled Primary and Secondary Sexual Characteristics which are universal wherever you go. The primary sexual characteristics are the sexual organs, while secondary characteristics are the other changes that occur in relation with the development of the organism. The primary sexual characteristics start to develop during the fetal development of an organism, whereas the secondary sexual characteristics start to develop only around the pubertal age.
- 7. The secondary sexcharacteristics set apart the boys from the girls with respect to outward appearances. Except for the genitals and reproductive systems, there is no major difference between male and females as far as primary characteristics are concerned. However, the two sexes differ in appearance with the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Behavioral and attitude differences are considerable between two sexes with secondary sexual characteristics, whereas those are low between males and females with primary sexual characteristics. As a general rule, girls experience puberty by a year or two earlier than the boys.
- 8. The female secondarysex characteristics include the deposition of fat, predominantly in the breasts and hips, breast development, and broadening of the pelvis and growth of axillary and pubic hair. For the boys, these include increased larynx size and deepening of the voice, increased muscular development, growth of facial, axillary, and pubic hair, and increased growth of body hair. At this point, you can probably relate to these events in your life which happened just a few years back. It may not be very recent anymore but it’s not more than a decade ago.
- 9. A significant partof the maturation process is the awareness of differences pertaining to human sexuality. Human sexuality is a complex phenomenon which involves the interaction of a person’s biological sex, core gender identity, and gender role behavior. Hence, it can be a combination of biological, physiological, and psychological factors. Our sexuality is expressed in various ways. Our manner of dressing, body movements are some of the ways that communicate our sexual self. Our human body has certain parts which are considered as erogenous zones. These parts are primarily receptive and increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual manner such as the lips, nape of the neck, etc. This may vary from person to person.
- 10. As sexual beings,it is likely for human beings to engage in sexual activity. It is any activity – solitary, between two persons, or in a group – that induces sexual arousal. This can be due to inherited sexual response pattern, which can be inherent in the design of human beings. The extent of expression of the sexual behavior or activity can be influenced by one’s values, beliefs, orientation, societal standards and norms.
- 11. As previously stated,sexual behavior can either be solitary or socio-sexual, meaning taking place between two persons or in a group. When it is socio- sexual, the persons involved may be petting, necking or engage in coitus. In relation to sexual behavior, let us now explore the Human Sexual Response Cycle. Again, please be reminded that the intention of this is for the EDUCATION of all. I am not suggesting that you rush into trying this to validate what the literature says.
- 12. Human Sexual ResponseCycle The sexual response cycle refers to the sequence of physical and emotional changes that occur as a person becomes sexually aroused and participates in sexually stimulating activities, including intercourse and masturbation. Knowing how your body responds during each phase of the cycle can enhance your relationship and help you pinpoint the cause of any sexual problems.
- 13. What Are thePhases of the Sexual Response Cycle?
- 14. The sexual responsecycle has four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. 1. Excitement phase – it is caused by increase in pulse and blood pressure; a sudden rise in blood supply to the surface of the body resulting in increased skin temperature, flushing, and swelling of all distensible body parts (particularly noticeable in the male reproductive structure and female breasts), more rapid breathing, the secretion of genital fluids, vaginal expansion, and a general increase in muscle tension. These symptoms of arousal eventually increase to a near maximal physiological level that leads to the next stage.
- 15. 2. Plateau phase– it is generally of brief duration. If stimulation is continued orgasm usually occurs. 3. Sexual climax – it is marked by a feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, a rapid increase in pulse rate and blood pressure, and spasms of the pelvic muscles causing contractions of the female reproductive organ and ejaculation by the male. It is also characterized by involuntary vocalizations. Sexual climax may last for a few seconds (normally not over ten), after which the individual enters the resolution phase
- 16. 4. Resolution phase– it is the last stage that refers to the return to normal or subnormal physiologic state. Males and females are similar in their response sequence. Whereas males return to normal even if stimulation continues, but continued stimulation can produce additional orgasms in females. Females are physically capable of repeated orgasms without intervening “rest period” required by males.
- 17. Both menand women experience these phases, although the timing usually is different. For example, it is unlikely that both partners will reach orgasm at the same time. In addition, the intensity of the response and the time spent in each phase varies from person to person. Understanding these differences may help partners better understand one another's bodies and responses, and enhance the sexual experience. 12 You have just read the Sexual Response Cycle. Please bear in mind what one quotation said “The ability to accept responsibility is the measure of the man” (Roy Hunt) Studies show that many young persons are sexually active and the onset of sexual activity is getting younger. There are those who engage in sex within or outside the bounds of marriage.
- 18. Couples mayopt to use contraceptive methods. There are natural and artificial means. The natural methods include abstinence, calendar method, checking the basal body temperature, cervical mucus method, symptothermal method, ovulation detection, and coitus interruptus. There are many artificial methods and the most commonly used are oral contraceptives, condom, hormonal injections, intrauterine device, among others. You are given the task to read further what these methods are for your understanding. There are also instances of sexually transmitted diseases which one can contract if not engaged in safe sex. They are HIV-AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, and others. On the other hand, there are persons experiencing sexual problems
- 19. The Chemistry ofLust, Attraction, and Attachment
- 20. THE 3 STAGESOF LOVE Helen Fisher (1948) of Rutgers University identified three stages of love. These are lust, attraction, and attachment. 1. Lust (libido or sex drive) is characterized by the desire for sexual gratification which is inherent to every living organism. For humans, this is associated with the sex hormones, testosterone (for males) and estrogen (for females).
- 21. 2. Attraction (passionateor obsessive love, infatuation) is characterized by the intense attention given to a desired partner. An individual with a high degree of attraction towards another person craves for emotional union with that person. Sometimes, when one is dominated by passion, one tends to do stupid and foolish acts.
- 22. This stageis driven by chemicals and hormones like adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin. A. Adrenaline – is released by the body for “fight” or “flight”. For instance, after surprisingly meeting one’s object of affection, this hormone will activate one’s stress response such as sweating and drying of the mouth. B. Dopamine – ignites an intense rush of pleasure when released. High level of neurotransmitter like dopamine causes increased energy, less need for food and sleep, and focused attention to one’s desired partner. C. Serotonin – is attributed to “falling in love” as this hormone makes a person think of his or her desired partner at most times.
- 23. 3. Attachment (compassionatelove) is characterized by the desire of couples to stay together. A person who is already attached feels comfort and security from his or her partner. This phase also includes behaviors anchored on long- term companionship. This stage is driven by two major hormones, namely oxytocin and vasopressin.
- 24. a. Oxytocin (cuddlehormone) – is released during orgasm. The feeling of attachment becomes more intense after the couple has sexual intercourse. b. Vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone) – is released after intercourse. Scientists discovered the role of vasopressin in attachment by studying prairie vole, small creatures (like mice) that form monogamous bonds like humans. When male prairie voles were injected a drug that suppresses vasopressin, they began neglecting their partners.
- 25. This illustrates howchemicals secreted in the human body can be quite powerful in making people feel and behave in certain ways. With an irresistible cocktail of chemicals, our brain entices us to fall in love. We call it love, it feels like love, but the most exhilarating of all human emotions is probably nature’s beautiful way of keeping the human species alive and reproducing.
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