Ambedded - how to build a true no single point of failure ceph cluster
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This document provides a comprehensive guide on building a true no single point of failure Ceph cluster, highlighting its architecture, advantages, and the self-healing capabilities of the system. It outlines the features of the Ceph system, including its object storage, data protection strategies, and the efficient use of hardware to enhance performance and availability. The document also emphasizes the importance of scalability and the ability to integrate with OpenStack, along with case studies showcasing successful implementations.
Ambedded - how to build a true no single point of failure ceph cluster
- 1. 1 How to Build a True no Single Point of Failure Ceph Cluster 周振倫 Aaron JOUE Founder & CEO
- 2. Agenda • About Ambedded • Ceph Architecture • Why Ceph is no single point of failure • How to build a true no single point of failure Ceph cluster • High Availability • Scalable • How does Ceph Support OpenStack? • Build a no Single Point of Failure Ceph Cluster • Build a OpenStack A-Team Taiwan 2
- 3. About Ambedded Technology Y2013 Y2017 Y2016 Y2014-2015 Founded in Taiwan Taipei, Office in National Taiwan University Innovative Innovation Center Deliver 2000+ Gen 1 microservers to partner Cynny for its Cloud Storage Service. 9 Petabytes capacity on service till now. Demo in ARM Global Partner Meeting UK Cambridge. • Launch the 1st ever Ceph Storage Appliance powered by Gen 2 ARM microserver • Awarded as the 2016 Best of INTEROP Las Vegas Storage product. Defeat VMware virtual SAN. 3 • Won Computex 2017 Best Choice Golden Award • Product Mars 200 is successfully deployed to France and Taiwan tier 1 telecom companies
- 4. 4 RADOS A reliable, autonomous, distributed object store comprised of self-healing, self- managing, intelligent storage nodes LIBRADOS A library allowing apps to directly access RADOS, with support for C, C++, Java, Python, Ruby, and PHP RBD A reliable and fully-distributed block device, with a Linux kernel client and a QEMU/KVM driver CephFS A POSIX- compliant distributed file system, with a Linux kernel client and support for FUSE RADOS Gateway A bucket-based REST gateway, compatible with S3 and Swift APP APP HOST/VM CLIENT Ceph is Unified Storage MDS MDS OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD MON MON MON Object Storage Object Storage Block Storage File System
- 5. Why Ceph is NO Single Point of Failure? • Distributed data and replications throughout disks in cluster • CRUSH algorithm - Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing • Distribute object across OSDs according to pre-defined a failure domain • CRUSH rule ensure data is never stored in same failure domain • Self-healing automates data recovering while server/device fail • No controller, no bottleneck limit the scalability • Clients use maps and Hash calculation to write/read objects to/from OSDs • Geo replication & Mirroring 5
- 6. CRUSH Algorithm & Replication 6 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 2 1 2 3 CRUSH rule ensures replicated data are located in different server node Failure domain can be defined as: Node, Chassis, Rack, Data Center Cluster map from MON Client Server Compute Object Location Placement Group Primary OSD 1 2 3
- 7. CRUSH Map of a Large Cluster 7 Root Rack 11 Rack 12 Rack 12 Disk 1 . . . . . . Disk 8 Node 11 Node 12 Node 13 Node 21 Node 22 Node 23 Node 31 Node 32 Node 33 1 2 3
- 8. CRUSH Algorithm & Erasure Coding 8 Client Server Compute Object Location Placement Group -> (K+M) OSD located in different failure domain Data Chunks Coding Chunks K=4 M=2 K+M = 4+2, Allows max. 2 OSDs fail. Capacity consumed is (K+M)/K of original data
- 9. 9 Self Healing Auto-detection, Re-generate the missing copies of data The re-generated data copies will save to existing cluster follow the CRUSH rule setting via UVS Autonomic! The Self Healing will be active when cluster detect the data risk, no need with human hand-in.
- 10. Auto Balance vs. Auto Scale-Out EMPTY EMPTY EMPTY EMPTY EMPTY FULL FULL FULL FULL BALANCED BALANCED BALANCED BALANCED BALANCED When new Mars200/201 join the cluster, the total capacity will scale out automatically Autonomic scale out the performance and capacity load
- 11. OSD Self-Heal vs. RAID Re-build 11 Test Condition Microserver Ceph Cluster Disk Array Disk number/capacity 16 x 10TB HDD OSD 16 x 3TB HDD Data Protection Replica = 2 RAID 5 Data Stored in the disk 3TB Not related Time for re-heal/re-build 5 hours, 10 min. 41 Hours Administrator involvement Re-heal activate automatically Re-build after replacing a new disk Re-heal rate 169 MB/s 10MB/s/OSD 21 MB/s Re-heal time vs. total number of disks More disk - > less recover time More disk -> longer recover time *OSD Backfilling configuration is default value
- 12. Build a no Single Point of Failure Ceph Cluster • Hardware will always fail • Protect data by software intelligence instead of using hardware redundancy • Minimize and Configurable Failure Domain 12
- 13. Issues of Using Single Server Node with Multiple Ceph OSDs • Large Failure Domain: One Server failure causes many OSDs down. • CPU utility is only 30%-40% when network is saturated. The bottleneck is network - not computing. • The power consumption and thermal / heat is eating your budget 13
- 14. 1x OSD with 1x Micro Server X 8 X 8 X 8 Network M S M S xN M S M S xN M S M S xNM S M S M S 4x 100Gb 4x 100Gb 4x10Gb Micro server cluster Micro server cluster Micro server cluster ARM micro server cluster - 1 to 1 to reduce failure risk - Aggregated network bandwidth without bottleneck Traditional Server #1 Traditional Server #2 Traditional Server #3 x N x N x N Client #1 Client #2 Network 20Gb 20Gb 20Gb Traditional server - 1 to many causes higher risk of a server failure - CPU utility is low due to Network bottleneck 14
- 15. Mars 200: 8-Node ARM Microserver Cluster 8x 1.6GHz ARM v7 Dual Core microserver - 2G Bytes DRAM - 8G Bytes Flash: System disk - 5 Gbps LAN - < 5 Watts power consumption Every node can be OSD, MON, MDS, Gateways Storage Device - 8x SATA3 HDD/SSD OSD - 8x SATA3 Journal SSD OOB BMC port Dual uplink switches - Total 4x 10 Gbps 15 Hot Swappable Micro Server HDD/SSD Ethernet Switch Power supply
- 16. The Basic High Availability Cluster 16 Scale it out
- 17. The Benefit of Using 1 Node to 1 OSD Architecture on CEPH • Minimize the failure domain to single OSD. • The MTBF of a micro server is much higher than an all-in-one motherboard ( MTBF>120K hours) • High Availability: 15x9 (3 replication) • High Performance: Dedicated H/W resource – CPU, Memory, Network, SATA interface, SSD Journal disk • High Bandwidth: Aggregated network bandwidth with failover • 60Watts Low power consumption and cooling cost savings • 3 x 1U chassis forms a high availability cluster 17
- 18. Ceph Storage Appliance 18 2U 8 Nodes Front Panel Disk Access 1U 8 Nodes High Density 2017
- 19. RBD Performance Test 19 40 VM clients on Xeon Server as load workers 4 x 10Gbps 10G switch2x10Gbps 21 x SSD OSD + SSD journal , 3 MON Ceph cluster 40 x RBD Use fio from 1x client up to 40 clients. Use the maximum un- saturated bandwidth as the aggregated performance
- 20. Scale Out Test (SSD) 62,546 125,092 187,639 8,955 17,910 26,866 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 200,000 0 5 10 15 20 25 4K Read 4K Write Number of OSDs 7 OSD 14 OSD 21 OSD Random Read IOPS Random write IOPS 20
- 21. Network does Matters The purpose of this test is to measure improvement when the uplink bandwidth is increased from 20Gb to 40Gb. Mars 200 has 4x 10Gb uplinks ports. The test results show 42-57% IOPS improvement. 21
- 23. Build a OpenStack A-Team Taiwan 23 晨宇創新 數位無限 The Power of Partnership
- 25. LIBRADOS OpenStack Ceph and OpenStack 25 KEYSTONE SWIFT CINDER GLANCE NOVA MANILA CEILOMETE R OSD OSD MON OSD OSD MON OSD OSD MON OSD OSD MDS OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD OSD RADOS Gateway librgw RADOS CLUSTER LIBRBD libcephfs KVM/QEM U libvirt