![International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print),
ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014)
49
AHP method is very suitable for complex social issue in which intangible and tangible factors cannot
be separated.
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE OF AHP
Step-1: Model the problem as a hierarchy containing the decision goal, the alternatives for reaching
it, and the criteria for evaluating the alternatives.
Step-2: Establish priorities among the elements of the hierarchy by making a series of judgments
based on pair wise comparisons of the elements.
Step-3: Synthesize these judgments to yield a set of overall priorities for the hierarchy.
Step-4: Check the consistency of the judgments.
Step-5: Come to a final decision based on the results of this process.
TECHNIQUE FOR ORDER PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION
(TOPSIS)
TOPSIS (for the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) was
developed by Yoon and Hwang [1980] as an alternative to the ELECTRE method and can be
considered as one of its most widely accepted variants.
The basic concept of this method is that the selected alternative should have the shortest
distance from the ideal solution and the farthest distance from the negative-ideal solution in a
geometrical sense. The method evaluates the decision matrix, which refers to n alternatives that are
evaluated in terms of m criteria. The only subjective input needed is relative weights of attributes.
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE OF TOPSIS
Step 1: Construct the Normalized Decision Matrix.
Step 2: Construct the Weighted Normalized Decision Matrix.
Step 3: Determine the Ideal and the Negative-Ideal Solutions.
Step 4: Calculate the Separation Measure.
Step 5: Calculate the Relative Closeness to the Ideal Solution.
Step 6: Rank the Preference Order.
RESULTS COMPARISON OF AHP AND TOPSIS
Table 1: Overall Ranking of Respondents through AHP and TOPSIS
Rank
Respondents
AHP TOPSIS
1 R34 R3
2 R4 R2
3 R3 R45
4 R33 R47
5 R21 R56
6 R8 R13
7 R37 R30
8 R42 R43
9 R16 R26
10 R44 R53](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anintegratedapproachforenhancingreadymixedconcreteutilityusinganalytichierarchyprocessahpandtechniqu-140524060722-phpapp01/85/An-integrated-approach-for-enhancing-ready-mixed-concrete-utility-using-analytic-hierarchy-process-ahp-and-technique-3-320.jpg)
An integrated approach for enhancing ready mixed concrete utility using analytic hierarchy process (ahp) and technique
- 1. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 47 AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR ENHANCING READY MIXED CONCRETE UTILITY USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) AND TECHNIQUE FOR ORDER PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION (TOPSIS) Ashish H. Makwana 1 , Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda 2 1 Student of final year M.E. C. E. & M., B.V.M. Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar 2 Assistant Professor and Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M. Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar– Gujarat – India. ABSTRACT For Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique questionnaire include comparison of factors on 1 to 9 scale. In this technique, for each criteria questions should be asked. A numerical weight is derived for each element of the hierarchy, allowing diverse and often incommensurable elements to be compared to one another in a rational and consistent way. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) selects the alternative that is the closest to the ideal solution and farthest from negative ideal alternative. To apply TOPSIS to our problem, numeric score is required to generate for each criteria. So, each criteria were given an evaluation scale from 1 to 9. Evaluation pattern was decided and finalized with expert advice. The respondents were selected from various construction occupancy mainly Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) Plant Managers, Consultants and contractors. Total 100 Survey Questionnaires were distributed to Respondents in Anand, Nadiad, Vadodara, Ahmedabad, from which 60 Responses were collected as per sample size calculation, in that 21 were from Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) Plant Managers, 26 were from Consultants and 13 were from Contractors. The result shows that there is a contradiction in Respondents ranking by two techniques. So, Researchers have to trust on any one methodology. KEYWORDS: Analytic Hierarchy Process, Numerical Weight, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, Respondents, Ready Mixed Concrete, Respondents, Questionnaires. INTRODUCTION The growth prospect of Ready Mixed Concrete(RMC) is enormous,provided requisite support is given by the regulatory authorities, consumers anddecision makers. At the present, the cost IJMRD © PRJ PUBLICATION International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248 – 938X (Print), ISSN 2248 – 9398(Online), Volume 4, Number 1, January - March (2014), pp. 47-52 © PRJ Publication, http://www.prjpublication.com/IJMRD.asp
- 2. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 48 differential between Ready Mixed Concreteand site mixed concrete is proving a major constraint in its growth. This problem willbe resolved with the increasing awareness about the advantages of Ready Mixed Concrete by the endconsumers. It is never expected that a Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC)can be perfect, meeting allReady Mixed Concrete selection Criterias. For example, Ready Mixed Concrete mayhave a high quality, but the cost of the Ready Mixed Concrete may not be the lowest.On the other hand, another Ready Mixed Concrete cost may be the lowest, this is verygood for a company, but at the same time the delivery performance may be the worst.As seen from the example, for making good decisions, the Ready Mixed Concreteselection process must be handled systematically. NEED OF THE STUDY Present approach lacks scientific methodology and does not consider multi-criteria in decision making. There is a need of scientific methodology for Ready Mixed Concrete selection approach. Hence, the need of this Research work based upon various utility measures like quality control, cost, delivery, quantity at which owners or plant managers have to concentrate for enhancing profit as well as maintaining standard by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To Study,Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). 2. To derive the relation between various Criterias for enhancing utility of Ready Mixed Concrete. 3. To achieve optimization by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of this research work of development of Ready Mixed Concrete selection process is limited to four cities of Central Gujarat Region of India: Ahmedabad, Nadiad, Anand, and Vadodara. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The relevant data for this investigation were collected by a structured, close-ended questionnaire survey. From the study of past research work and with the help of expert opinion, Criterias were identified which affects Ready Mixed Concrete selection process for construction companies of Central Gujarat Region of India. ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) Analytic Hierarchy Process has been a tool at the hands of decision makers and researchers; and it is the most widely used multiple criteria decision making tools. The AHP method is developed by Thomas L. Saaty in 1980. AHP is very popular and widely applicable in various fields due to its simplicity, ease of use and flexibility. AHP is a reliable tool to facilitate systematic and logical decision making processes and determine the significance of a set of Criterias and Sub-Criterias.
- 3. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 49 AHP method is very suitable for complex social issue in which intangible and tangible factors cannot be separated. STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE OF AHP Step-1: Model the problem as a hierarchy containing the decision goal, the alternatives for reaching it, and the criteria for evaluating the alternatives. Step-2: Establish priorities among the elements of the hierarchy by making a series of judgments based on pair wise comparisons of the elements. Step-3: Synthesize these judgments to yield a set of overall priorities for the hierarchy. Step-4: Check the consistency of the judgments. Step-5: Come to a final decision based on the results of this process. TECHNIQUE FOR ORDER PREFERENCE BY SIMILARITY TO IDEAL SOLUTION (TOPSIS) TOPSIS (for the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) was developed by Yoon and Hwang [1980] as an alternative to the ELECTRE method and can be considered as one of its most widely accepted variants. The basic concept of this method is that the selected alternative should have the shortest distance from the ideal solution and the farthest distance from the negative-ideal solution in a geometrical sense. The method evaluates the decision matrix, which refers to n alternatives that are evaluated in terms of m criteria. The only subjective input needed is relative weights of attributes. STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE OF TOPSIS Step 1: Construct the Normalized Decision Matrix. Step 2: Construct the Weighted Normalized Decision Matrix. Step 3: Determine the Ideal and the Negative-Ideal Solutions. Step 4: Calculate the Separation Measure. Step 5: Calculate the Relative Closeness to the Ideal Solution. Step 6: Rank the Preference Order. RESULTS COMPARISON OF AHP AND TOPSIS Table 1: Overall Ranking of Respondents through AHP and TOPSIS Rank Respondents AHP TOPSIS 1 R34 R3 2 R4 R2 3 R3 R45 4 R33 R47 5 R21 R56 6 R8 R13 7 R37 R30 8 R42 R43 9 R16 R26 10 R44 R53
- 4. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 50 11 R39 R9 12 R56 R50 13 R53 R10 14 R40 R40 15 R43 R28 16 R30 R18 17 R26 R27 18 R50 R55 19 R58 R58 20 R28 R59 21 R7 R60 22 R18 R31 23 R19 R51 24 R23 R7 25 R10 R24 26 R57 R20 27 R48 R12 28 R25 R35 29 R46 R49 30 R14 R48 31 R51 R34 32 R49 R57 33 R17 R16 34 R15 R8 35 R9 R22 36 R2 R17 37 R20 R5 38 R24 R46 39 R22 R54 40 R5 R33 41 R55 R52 42 R45 R32 43 R29 R19 44 R27 R1 45 R32 R6 46 R47 R38 47 R12 R11 48 R52 R15 49 R54 R29 50 R41 R39 51 R13 R36 52 R11 R37 53 R36 R4 54 R6 R44 55 R60 R41 56 R31 R14 57 R38 R25 58 R1 R23 59 R35 R21 60 R59 R42
- 5. International Journal of Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January-March (2014) 51 CONCLUSIONS From this research work, following conclusions are drawn In AHP Technique result shows that: R34 > R4 > R3 > R33 > R21 > R8 > R37 > R42 > R16 > R44 > R39 > R56 > R53 > R40 > R43 > R30 > R26 > R50 > R58 > R28 > R7 > R18 > R19 > R23 > R10 > R57 > R48 > R25 > R46 > R14 > R51 > R49 > R17 > R15 > R9 > R2 > R20 > R24 > R22 > R5 > R55 > R45 > R29 > R27 > R32 > R47 > R12 > R52 > R54 > R41 > R13 > R11 > R36 > R6 > R60 > R31 > R38 > R1 > R35 > R59. AHP technique gives first five respondents as: (1) Respondent 34, (2) Respondent 4, (3) Respondent 3, (4) Respondent 33, and 5) Respondent 21. In TOPSIS Technique result shows that: R3>R2>R45>R47>R56>R13>R30>R43>R26>R53>R9>R50>R10>R40>R28>R18> R27>R55>R58>R59>R60>R31>R51>R7>R24>R20>R12>R35>R49>R48>R34>R57>R16>R8 >R22>R17>R5>R46>R54>R33>R52>R32>R19>R1>R6>R38>R11>R15>R29>R39>R3 >R37>R4>R44>R41>R14>R25>R23>R21>R42. TOPSIS technique gives first five respondents as: (1) Respondent 3, (2) Respondent 2, (3) Respondent 45, (4) Respondent 47 and (5) Respondent 56. Finding from this study reveals that there is a contradiction in Respondents ranking by two techniques. So, Researchers have to trust on any one methodology. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Authors thankfully acknowledge to Dr. C. L. Patel, Chairman, Charutar Vidya Mandal, and Er. V. M. Patel, Hon. Jt. Secretary, Charutar Vidya Mandal, Dr. F. S. Umrigar, Principal, B.V.M. Engineering College, Prof. J. J. Bhavsar, Associate professor and coordinator PG (Construction Engineering & Management), Civil Engineering Department, B.V.M Engineering College, Er. Yatinbhai Desai, Jay Maharaj Construction, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India for their motivations and infrastructural support to carry out this research. REFERENCES 1. A.R.Santhkumar, Concrete Technology, Oxford higher education. 2. Ashish H. Makwana, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach for Ready Mixed Concrete Selection for Construction Companies through Analytic Hierarchy Process”, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT), ISSN: 2231-5381, Volume-4, Issue- 7, July 2013, Pg. 2878 - 2884. 3. Ashish H. Makwana and Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, 2013, “Ready Mixed Concrete Selection for Infrastructure Development through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the New Millennium”, International Journal of Management (IJM), Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.9071 (Calculated by GISI), Volume: 4, Issue: 5, Pages: 109-126. 4. Ashish H. Makwana, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach for Ready Mixed Concrete Selection For Construction Companies through Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) Technique”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Impact Factor: 1.00, ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-3, Issue-5, October 2013, Pg. 92 – 96.
- 6. International Journal of Management ISSN 2248-9398 (Online) Volume 4, Number 1, January 5. Bhavik K. Daxini, Prof. (Dr.) R.B. Bhatt, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach Supplier Selection for Construction Companies through Analytical Hierarchy Process”, IJSR International Journal of Scientific Research, Volume: 2 | Issue: 5 | May 2013 • ISSN No. 2277 – 8179. 6. Chang, K.F, C.M. Chiang and P.C. Chou, 2007, “Adapting aspe searching for suitability in Taiwan, Building and Environment”, 42: 310 7. Chang, K.F., P.C. Chou, C.M. Chiang and I.C, Chen, 2005. “The revised version of the GBTool for subtropical Taiwan world sustainable building conference (SB05Tokyo), Tokyo, and pp.: 1792 8. Dweiri, F. and F.M. Al-Oqla, 2006, “Material selection using Analytic Hierarchy Process”, International J. Computer Applications in Technol, 26(4): 182 9. Lee, G.K.L. and E.H.W. Chatt, 2008, “The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach for assessment of urban renewal proposals”, Soc. Indi. Res., 89: 155 10. M.S. SHETTY, Concrete Technology, Theory and Practice, S.Chand 11. Saaty, T.L. (2008), “Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process”, Int. J. Services Sciences, Vol.1, No.1, pp.83– 12. Saaty, T.L., 1980, “The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation”, 1st edition, Mcgraw 9503413947. 13. Yaser N. Alsuwehri, “Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach”, Engineering Management Field Project, Masters of Science, the Graduate School of The University of Kansas. AUTHOR’S BIOGRAPHY Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District, Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Charotar Institute of Science and technology Technological University in 2012. At present he is Final year student of Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has published papers in Nation Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar received his Master’s Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering College as a faculty where he is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience of 12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding M.E. (Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in the field of Civil/ Construction Engine Conferences and International Journals. Management Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248 Number 1, January-March (2014) 52 Bhavik K. Daxini, Prof. (Dr.) R.B. Bhatt, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach Supplier Selection for Construction Companies through Analytical Hierarchy Process”, IJSR International Journal of Scientific Research, Volume: 2 | Issue: 5 | May 2013 • ISSN No. 2277 Chang, K.F, C.M. Chiang and P.C. Chou, 2007, “Adapting aspects of GBTool 2005 searching for suitability in Taiwan, Building and Environment”, 42: 310-316. Chang, K.F., P.C. Chou, C.M. Chiang and I.C, Chen, 2005. “The revised version of the GBTool for subtropical Taiwan - from the barrier to success,” In: Proceed world sustainable building conference (SB05Tokyo), Tokyo, and pp.: 1792-179 Oqla, 2006, “Material selection using Analytic Hierarchy Process”, International J. Computer Applications in Technol, 26(4): 182-189. G.K.L. and E.H.W. Chatt, 2008, “The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach for assessment of urban renewal proposals”, Soc. Indi. Res., 89: 155-168. M.S. SHETTY, Concrete Technology, Theory and Practice, S.Chand- New Delhi. n making with the analytic hierarchy process”, Int. J. Services –98 Saaty, T.L., 1980, “The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource edition, Mcgraw-Hill, New York, ISBN: 0070543712, Al Yaser N. Alsuwehri, “Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach”, Engineering Management Field Project, Masters of Science, the Graduate School of The University of Kansas. Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District, Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Charotar Institute of Science and technology in Changa, Gujarat Technological University in 2012. At present he is Final year student of Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has published papers in National Conferences and International Journals. Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University in 2000. In 2009 he received his Master’s Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering College as a faculty where he is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience of 12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding M.E. (Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in the field of Civil/ Construction Engineering. He has published papers in National Conferences and International Journals. Research and Development (IJMRD) ISSN 2248-938X (Print), Bhavik K. Daxini, Prof. (Dr.) R.B. Bhatt, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, “An Approach for Supplier Selection for Construction Companies through Analytical Hierarchy Process”, IJSR– International Journal of Scientific Research, Volume: 2 | Issue: 5 | May 2013 • ISSN No. 2277 cts of GBTool 2005 - 316. Chang, K.F., P.C. Chou, C.M. Chiang and I.C, Chen, 2005. “The revised version of the from the barrier to success,” In: Proceeding of the 2005 1797. Oqla, 2006, “Material selection using Analytic Hierarchy Process”, G.K.L. and E.H.W. Chatt, 2008, “The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach for New Delhi. n making with the analytic hierarchy process”, Int. J. Services Saaty, T.L., 1980, “The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Hill, New York, ISBN: 0070543712, Alibris ID: Yaser N. Alsuwehri, “Supplier Evaluation and Selection by Using The Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach”, Engineering Management Field Project, Masters of Science, the Graduate Ashish Harendrabhai Makwana was born in 1988 in Jamnagar District, Gujarat. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering in Changa, Gujarat Technological University in 2012. At present he is Final year student of Master's Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, Gujarat Technological University. He has al Conferences and International Journals. Prof. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda was born in 1977 in Vadodara City. He received his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering from the Birla Patel University in 2000. In 2009 he received his Master’s Degree in Construction Engineering and Management from Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Sardar Patel University. He joined Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering College as a faculty where he is Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department with a total experience of 12 years in the field of Research, Designing and education. He is guiding M.E. (Construction Engineering & Management) Thesis work in the field of ering. He has published papers in National