An overview of methods for monitoring web services based on the quality of services

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 03 | Mar-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 718
AN OVERVIEW OF METHODS FOR MONITORING WEB SERVICES
BASED ON THE QUALITY OF SERVICES
Sara Zirak1
, Naser Nematbakhsh2
, Kamran Zamanifar3
1
Sara Zirak, Department of Computer, Najaf abad University, Isfahan, Iran
2
Naser Nematbakhsh, Department of Computer, Najaf abad University, Isfahan, Iran
3
Kamran zaminfar, Department of Computer, Najaf abad University, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
Service-oriented architecture is an approach for making distributed systems that provide their services in the form of software
applications. These services are called by other software and are used to make new services as well. Therefore, service quality is one
of important issues in service-oriented architecture, whereas this issue has a considerable impact in selecting and composition of
services to be presented to the users. In this area and in order to update data obtained from web service operations, continuous
monitoring of non-functional properties is of particular importance. In this paper, the existing techniques in monitoring process are
classified and discussed in detail.
Keywords: Monitoring, Quality parameters, Quality of service, Web service
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1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, service-oriented architecture is taken into
consideration as a suitable approach to increase the efficiency
of systems. The approach, as a preferred approach in the field
of architecture, helps enable organizations to adapt quickly
their business needs with IT, and respond effectively to the
demands of the market. With service-oriented approach, it can
provide solutions which are not limited to the boundaries of
organization, company or department. This architecture is
implemented by the Web services. In fact, the web services
allow exchange between different computers in a
heterogeneous environment consists of various systems.
Here, an important problem is the quality of web services in
order to increase their efficiency and quality. The issue of
monitoring of web service quality parameters arises to achieve
this important goal. Monitoring of quality parameters is a way
to collect data related to the quality parameters that is
achieved through a variety of mechanisms aimed to provide
the best quality. In section 2, the process of monitoring of web
services will be described. Then, in Section 3, various
monitoring techniques will be classified into groups and
discussed in detail. Finally in the conclusion section (Section
4), a number of advantages of monitoring process will be
reviewed.
2. MONITORING OF WEB SERVICES
The term monitoring is widely used in the design and
engineering of service-oriented systems. In the life cycle of a
system, there is a monitoring process which plays the role of
collecting information. Monitoring may be defined as follows:
"A process of collecting and reporting relevant information
about the implementation and development of services in the
service oriented architecture" [1]
The aims of monitoring can be mentioned as follows:
 Correcting the system in runtime: the system
implementation and its parameters should be checked
in order to identify the right or wrong positions.
Hence, it is able to analyze whether the information
at the run time correspond with the values expected
or not? In addition, this information is needed to
analyze the service level agreement requirements and
to compare system’s specification
 Completing detection and fixing certain errors:
monitoring is necessary to complete detection and
fixing the specified errors. For example, if an error is
detected and an action is taken to eliminate the error,
monitoring should be performed to ensure the
operation
 In commercial activities: commercial activities are
seen greatly in service-oriented architecture. By this
process, all the quality and the performance
parameters of commercial activities derived from
combinations of services could be monitored and real
data could be presented. The data obtained from
monitoring may lead to the conclusion that the yield
of a service is not acceptable and it is replaced with
another alternative to improve the business activity
performance.
Furthermore, the service applicants, by using the information
obtained from monitoring, will check the values with their

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expected values, which are the same values as entered in
service level agreement. The result will determine exactly the
level of customer satisfaction from the service. This
information is very useful for the service provider as well,
because with this information he can adapt himself to the new
conditions and cover the weaknesses resulted from the
monitoring.
Finally, the monitoring can be used to detect problems and
service provider could, if necessary, reconsider the allocation
of its resources to the services by observing the data collected
from monitoring. Hence, a different service implementation
could be provided. In the following section we will describe
different methods existed for monitoring [2].
3. EXISTING METHODES FOR MONITORING
OF QUALITY PARAMETERS
A number of methods has been proposed for quality
parameters that are different in place and level of
implementation. All methods of monitoring of parameters are
implemented at three levels of service, communication and
coordination. Monitoring of quality parameters may be
performed on the client side, server side, or on third-party side
like the bass. In this section, we examine the monitoring
action levels. All the existing methods of monitoring of
quality parameters will be discussed in one of the three
mentioned sides and will be presented by one of the three
approaches presented.
3.1 Approaches to Monitoring
3.1.1 Service-level Monitoring Approach
Service-level monitoring approach is the most basic approach
is the monitoring of quality parameters. This approach is one
of the first solutions to get the values of quality parameters of
web hosting service. In this approach, the monitor code is
entered into the client code and the web service provider .For
example, putting a timer on the client code to register a
request time and its receiving time, or by encapsulating in the
operational functions of the client/web service provider that
are inspired by aspect-oriented architecture.
Monitoring of quality parameters in the service level is among
the most common methods in monitoring of quality
parameters which is possible by coding on the client side or
the server side or both of them. To further explain this matter,
we will pay attention to measure the response time parameter
using service level monitoring approach. A simple solution for
measuring characteristics of a web service is to develop the
proxy service functions in addition to their respective codes.
Webproxies service contains codes that the binding conditions
are specified in the service interface. Thereby, the
communication network complexities and their details remain
concealed from the customer. For example, if SOAP is used as
binding, the proxy service will include special SOAP codes
that will be used for a service call. Here, the example given as
the response time measurements is explained:
To measure the response time, the following steps should be
performed on the proxy service:
1. Generating a proxy service by WSDL service
definition file
2. Correcting the generated code for the proxy server by
adding the code related to the added timer
3. Recompiling to correct possible errors
4. Developing the client’s program to create an object
from the service proxy and calling the appropriate
methods.
The above-mentioned steps will be explained in detail as
follows:
1) Proxy service is not coded by the programmer, but it can be
easily generated by WSDL definition file. The code defined
by the WSDL can be seen in the following figure.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<definitions name="EchoService"
targetNamespace="http://www.echoserviceser
vice.com/EchoService-interface"
xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsd
l/soap/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.echoserviceservice.c
om/EchoService"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchem
a">
<message name="InechoRequest">
<part name="meth1_inType1"
type="xsd:string"/>
</message>
<message name="OutechoResponse">
<part name="meth1_outType"
type="xsd:string"/>
</message>
<portType name="EchoService">
<operation name="echo">
<input message="InechoRequest"/>
<output message="OutechoResponse"/>
</operation>
</portType>
<binding name="EchoServiceBinding"
type="EchoService">
<soap:binding style="rpc"
transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap
/http"/>
<operation name="echo">
<soap:operation
soapAction="urn:echoservice-service"/>

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<input>
<soap:body
encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/
soap/encoding/"
namespace="urn:echoservice-service"
use="encoded"/>
</input>
<output>
<soap:body
encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/
soap/encoding/"
namespace="urn:echoservice-service"
use="encoded"/>
</output>
</operation>
</binding>
<service
name="EchoService">
<documentation>IBM WSTK 2.0 generated
service definition file</documentation>
<port binding="EchoServiceBinding"
name="EchoServicePort">
<soap:address
location="http://localhost:8080/soap/servl
et/rpcrouter"/>
</port>
</service>
</definitions>
2) The generated code is for public use and we should add a
time to measure the response time. In the following code, a
timer is added for measuring response time.
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import org.apache.soap.*;
import org.apache.soap.encoding.*;
import org.apache.soap.rpc.*;
import org.apache.soap.util.xml.*;
import mytimer.Timer;
public class EchoServiceProxy
{
private Call call = new Call();
private URL url = null;
private String SOAPActionURI = "";
private SOAPMappingRegistry smr =
call.getSOAPMappingRegistry();
public EchoServiceProxy() throws
MalformedURLException
{
call.setTargetObjectURI("urn:echoservice-
service");
call.setEncodingStyleURI("http://schemas.x
mlsoap.org/soap/encoding/");
this.url = new
URL("http://localhost:8080/soap/servlet/rp
crouter");
this.SOAPActionURI = "urn:echoservice-
service";
}
public synchronized void setEndPoint(URL
url)
{
this.url = url;
}
public synchronized URL getEndPoint()
{
return url;
}
public synchronized java.lang.String echo
(java.lang.String meth1_inType1)
throws SOAPException
{
if (url == null)
{
throw new
SOAPException(Constants.FAULT_CODE_CLIENT,
"A URL must be specified via " +
"EchoServiceProxy.setEndPoint(URL).");
}
call.setMethodName("echo");
Vector params = new Vector();
Parameter meth1_inType1Param = new
Parameter("meth1_inType1",
java.lang.String.class,
meth1_inType1, null);
params.addElement(meth1_inType1Param);
call.setParams(params);
// Start a Timer
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.start();
Response resp = call.invoke(url,
SOAPActionURI);
// Stop the Timer
timer.stop();
// Print the response time by
calculating the difference
System.out.println("Response Time = " +
timer.getDifference());
// Check the response.
if (resp.generatedFault())
{
Fault fault = resp.getFault();
throw new
SOAPException(fault.getFaultCode(),
fault.getFaultString());
}
else
{

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Parameter retValue =
resp.getReturnValue();
return
(java.lang.String)retValue.getValue();
}
}
}
3) Compiling the code to detect and fix potential errors.
4) Developing the client code to call the Web service.
By implementing these four steps, we can obtain the value of
the response time qualitative parameter.
As it is seen, this approach is inspired from the aspect-oriented
architecture [3].
In monitoring of quality parameters in the service level, using
aspect-oriented architecture has the first letter. In this method,
different objects are used to measure the quality parameters.
Other methods by calling these objects begin to record and
measure the service quality parameters [4].
3.1.2 The Communication Level Monitoring
Approach
In this approach, the monitoring is performed by interpreting
the messages exchanged between customers and web service
providers. Messages are exchanged in web services by SOAP,
HTTP, TCP/IP protocols. In these methods, by analyzing the
communication layer messages exchanged, it is attempted to
collect data on quality parameters. Thereby, the values of
quality parameters of a web service could be obtained [5.6]. In
reference [7], monitoring of the quality parameters through
analyzing the HTTP + TCP / IP communication protocol is
performed.
Fig -1: Web service interactions
Figure 1 shows the communication layers existed in a simple
relationship between the server and client. Service applicator
generates a SOAP request message and sends it to service
provider to receive service using the HTTP. This message is
being passed by several systems between the two sides.
Service provider sends the SOAP response message through
HTTP. In the sending and receiving mode, all events
encountering sending of data may affect the performance of
web services. The problems include overcrowding, lack of
access to the host and the routing problems.A number of these
problems can be solved by modern communication protocols.
The communication protocols provide some information in
which could be used to monitor quality parameters of web
services [7].
3.1.3 Orchestration Level Monitoring Approach
In this approach, the monitoring of quality parameters is
carried out on BPEL services using aspect-oriented
architecture done.
In reference [8], the monitoring of quality parameters supports
the sample monitoring and class. Using the aspect-oriented
architecture makes the business logic of service separate from
the logic of monitoring.
Fig -2: Message flow in run-time monitoring
For example, sample monitoring is performed to obtain the
behavior of database web services and class monitoring is
performed to obtain the behavior of online payment service
websites.
Fig -3: The Active BPEL engine developed by media
monitoring in the runtime
Here, the monitoring of quality parameters is performed by
aspect-oriented architecture and the values of quality
parameters are determined by analyzing the input/output

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messages. The input/output data are sent and received by
processes [8].
3.2 Monitoring Practice Locations
3.2.1 Service-level Monitoring of Quality Parameters
on the Client _ Side
One way to monitoring quality parameters, is the
implementation on the client side. The latter is carried out by
using added tools on the client side. In this section, one of
these tools is studied.
Webinject is a tool on the client side that determines the actual
response time of web services by sending requests of web
service and analyzing the response time. Also, by counting the
number of successful and unsuccessful applicants, it calculates
the reliability. In this device, three parameters including
response time, reliability and security are analyzed.
The tool calculates the response time of service by sending
service request to the server and receiving the time parameter
service. For this purpose, a statistical timer calculates the
response time through recording the sending and receiving
times. To calculate the reliability parameter, the tools counts
the number of successful and unsuccessful requests. The
reliability percentage is obtained by dividing the number of
unsuccessful requests to the number of successful
requests.This tool is written in the Perl programming code,
and is compatible with all environments [9].
Fig -4: The response time measured by WebInject software
3.2.2 Monitoring of Quality Parameters on the
Server_ Side
In this method, monitoring is performed on the server side, so
that the server will attempt to calculate the actual values of
quality parameter through recording the sending and receiving
times, the requests of counting successful and unsuccessful
responses to the client. The method of monitoring of quality
parameters on the client side is most popular.
Sandact tool is one of the tools available in this area. This tool
can provide a web service and website monitoring. This means
lists some of the security weaknesses of web service or web
site. Among the advantage of this tool is its high flexibility.
This tool can quickly adjust itself to the web media. [10].
Fig -5: Working media of Sandact software

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Another tool in this field is Soapknox software which
measures the response time, reliability and security
parameters. This tool performs monitoring in the
communication layer level, through monitoring SOAP
messages. The communication messages exchanged between
customers and provider contain information about the time of
sending request and time of service received which are used in
calculating the response time. SOAP messages contain safety
points in their header by monitoring of which, the tool can
determine the values of security parameters [10].
Using monitoring of quality parameters, this tool follows up
improvements in operational productivity (reducing operating
costs, increasing the accuracy of decision making), and
strategic leadership based on real data [11].
Besides this tool, there is also other software that performs
monitoring of quality parameters on the server side [12, 13].
3.2.3 Monitoring of Quality Parameters on the
Third_ part _Side
The method of monitoring of quality parameters on third-part -
side such as BUS, is the most popular solution for monitoring
.Monitoring is often performed in BUS using the relevant
components. Thereby, the monitoring components in the BUS
collect data and calculate the actual value of the quality
parameter. As BUS is an interface in all of operations, it
accesses to lots of data. The values of quality parameters can
be calculated by extracting the data. Because BUS is
commonly used in the service oriented architecture, the
monitoring in BUS is popular. The task of data collection to
determine the values of quality parameters is performed by the
components in BUS [14].
4. CONCLUSIONS
The aim of different methods of monitoring of quality
parameters is to discover a method with the lowest cost and
highest efficiency, while the actual values of quality
parameters could be obtained with reasonable accuracy. With
a suitable method to monitoring the quality parameters,
strategic leadership based on real data, increased accuracy in
decision making, improved operations and reduced costs in
operations could be achieved. The monitoring of quality
parameters to achieve service-oriented architecture is
necessary whereas all available methods are trying to present a
more optimized and more helpful monitoring.
The methods studied were different at place and level of
implementation of monitoring, therefore, the customer could
choose an appropriate method according to his/her needs.
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[1]. Bianco,P.,Lewis, G. and Merson,P." Service Level
Agreements in Service-Oriented Architecture Environments
".2008
[2]. State of the Art Report, Gap Analysis of Knowledge on
Principles, Techniques and Methodologies for Monitoring and
Adaptation of SBAs Salima Benbernou 10 July 2008.
[3]. Mani, A. and Nagarajan ,A." Understanding quality of
service for web services Technical report, IBM
DeveloperWorkswww.106.ibm.com/developerworks/webservi
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[4]. Rosenberg,F., Platzer, C. and Dustdar, S." Bootstrapping
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[7]. Thio, N. and Karunasekera, S." Automatic measurement
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[8]. Bianculli, D. and Ghezzi, C." Monitoring conversational
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[9]. WebInject. Available at http://www.webinject.org
[10]. Sandact. Available at http:/www.syhunt.com/
[11]. SoapKnox.Available in soapknox.com/index.html
[12]. Java System Application Server and GlassFish
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[13]. Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer.Available at
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/tools/mbsahome.m
spx
[14]. Halima,R.,Guennoun,K.,Drira,K.and Jmaiel,M. "Non-
intrusive QoS Monitoring and Analysis for Self-Healing Web
Services" IEEE.2008.

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