Analysis Of Data Mining Model For Successful Implementation Of Data Warehouse In Tertiary Institutions (A Case Study Of Irahim Badamasi Babangida University)

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International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology
ISSN : 2456-3307 (www.ijsrcseit.com)
doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT228531
305
Analysis of Data Mining Model for Successful Implementation of Data Warehouse in
Tertiary Institutions
Amit Mishra
Article Info
Publication Issue :
Volume 8, Issue 5
September-October-2022
Page Number : 305-316
Article History
Accepted: 10 Oct 2022
Published: 28 Oct 2022
ABSTRACT
This research work with title “analysis of data mining model for successful
implementation of data warehouse in tertiary institutions” is a proposal that
provides a framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process
involved in information discovery for tertiary institutions. It equally deals with
series of steps or procedures which governs the analysis and design of this
particular Data Mining Model for Tertiary Institutions. The methods, techniques
and procedures which are used to collect and analyze information were also
provided and implemented. Object oriented Analysis and Design methodology
(OOADM) was deployed to develop this model. The current system was
analysed by using Use Case approach to identify the existing objects in the
current system. Use Case diagrams were equally developed and the relationship
between the objects was drawn. A diagram was drawn to represent the
identified problems. Finally, the High-Level Model (HLM) that would be used to
design the proposed system was drawn to enable the System Designer to develop
a computer-based model that forecasts educational behaviours with little or no
user intervention.
Keywords: Framework, Information Discovery, Tertiary Institutions
I. INTRODUCTION
The last decade has experienced great change in
information availability via the internet. Therefore,
more and more businesses and organizations began to
collect data that are relevant and related to their own
operations. While analysts have been seeking
efficient and effective way of storing, retrieving and
manipulating data; the machine learning community
has focused on building and developing various
techniques for learning and acquiring knowledge
from the data. In this regard, it is often referred to as
data mining (DM) and knowledge discovery in
databases (KDD).
Since human life began people have been seeking
pattern in data mining. Politicians seeks pattern in
voters’ opinion, hunters seek pattern in animal
migration behaviour and farmers seeks pattern in
crop growth. A scientist’s work is A scientist’s work is
to make intelligence out of data, to determine the
core or important model that governs the
performance of the physical world and encapsulate
the same in theories that can be used to predict the
future. As the background of all the scientific
discoveries especially theories has been same, what

Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October-2022 | http://ijsrcseit.com
Amit Mishra Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol., September-October-2022, 8 (5) : 305-316
306
then is new about data mining (DM)? The simple
answer is that, in data mining the amount of the
stored data is in the digital or electronic format and
the search is automated or improved by a computer.
In data mining, it is important to understand the
difference between a model and a pattern. Model is
an intangible representation of reality or universal
summary of the dataset and makes statement about
any point in the full measurement space. While
pattern describe an arrangement, a relationship to a
relatively small part of the data or the space in which
data would occur. In 1960’s, computer was
increasingly applied to data analysis problems and it
was renowned that if one searches long enough, one
can always find some model to fit in the dataset but
complexity and size of the model were important
considerations.
Analysis of Data Mining Model for successful
implementation of Data Warehouse in tertiary
institutions was geared towards data mining tertiary
institutions’ huge data warehouse which involves
digging through heaps of data in search of
information which the management uses for proper
running of the institution as well as to make prospect
predictions based on the current trend of events.
Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOADM)
methodology was deployed to design this model.
Source data was collected from the department of
Admissions/academic planning and Exams and
records sections in the University.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The topic focuses on understanding how the present
system works, the problems that are inherent in the
present system as well as analyze and design a
proposed system using Object oriented Analysis and
Design (OOADM) methodology.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this research work are to develop a
system that should be able to:
(i) Find relationship between
a) Results and admission procedure.
b) Results of courses and the lecturers that
taught them in different sessions.
(ii) Investigate the existing system and the
problems affecting it.
(iii) And analyzing a new system so as to enable
the System Designer, build up a computer-based
model that predict educational behaviours with little
or no user intervention.
II. METHODOLOGY
Methodology is defined as a system of wide ideology
or rules from which specific methods or procedures
may be derived to deduce or work out different
problems within the range of a particular discipline.
Methodology is not a formula but a set of practices. It
is used to refer to a specific series of steps, methods,
techniques and measures which governs the
collection, analysis and design of a particular project.
Methodology is defined as a outline that is used to
structure, plan, and control the process of developing
an information system. It is used. The researcher used
Object oriented Analysis and Design (OOADM)
methodology to analyze the present system as well as
to design the proposed system with the primary aim
of:
(i) Identifying the problems innate in the present
system.
(ii) Investigating the causes of these problems
(iii) And proffering a likely solution to these system
RESEARCH DESIGN
The researcher adopted a survey for this study. Fritz
Scheuren defines survey as a way often used to
describe a technique of assembling information from
a sample of individuals. This sample is usually just a
fraction of the population being studied. Olagbewo
(2006) also defines survey as design which documents

307
the nature, scope, dimension, direction of events,
behaviours, attitude etc about things or persons.
AREA OF THE STUDY
The study was conducted in Ibrahim Badamasi
Babangida University Lapai, Niger State.
POPULATION
The research/study population consists of the
Examination Office, Faculty of Natural Science and
Academic department IBB University Lapai.
INSTRUMENT OF DATA COLLECTION
The research instrument for data collection was
interview method. The researcher conducted an
interview in order to find out the stages of admission
processing, how exams records are collated,
Association between results and admission and the
process of data storage and mining.
ANALYSIS OF THE PRESENT SYSTEM
A study to these two departments/units revealed the
different methods they engaged in carrying out their
daily activities.
ADMISSIONS PROCEDURE
The admissions department is charged with the duty
of processing: -
(i) Students’ admission application
(ii) Students’ change of Department application.
(iii) Students’ direct entry application.
The processing of these applications takes the
following stages for undergraduate studies
(i) Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination
(UTME) sends list of successful candidates to the
university.
(ii) Cut off mark is set by the school management.
(iii) Candidates who UTME score exceeds the UTME
cut off mark are short listed.
(iv) Direct entry student must:
a) Possesses Ordinary National Diploma (OND)
or Higher National Diploma (HND) or Nigerian
Certificate in Education from a reputable polytechnic
or colleges of Education.
b) HND holders must have at least lower credit.
c) OND holders must have upper credit.
d) NCE holders must have upper credit.
(v) Students pay school fees and document
themselves
The above description describes the admission
process into the various undergraduate programmes
run by the university.
Figure 1: System flowchart of Admissions Application

308
Figure 2 : System flow chart of student admission and
registration
EXAMS AND RECORD PROCEDURE
The result and transcript of students are vital
documents that are derive from various departments
and finally kept at the exams and records department
of the university. This unit uses the following
technique in collating and documenting students’
results
1. Lecturers forward a copy of the result courses
they handled for a semester to exams and records in
the department.
2. These results are documented and forwarded
to the Faculty exams and record.
3. The results are then vetted by vetting
officers/senate.
4. A student request for a transcript through the
bursary, and the department is notified.
5. The Bursary raises the student transcript, and
forwards it to the academic unit for documentation
and then forwards it back to the department.
6. The transcript generated is cross checked
with the one at exams and record.
7. The transcript is recomputed at exams and
record.
8. The recomputed transcript is dispatched to
the address requesting it.
Figure 3: Flow chart of exams and transcript
computation
The faculty exams and record department also
prepare departmental lecture time table, examination
time table and final result statement.
The process of result statement is carried out thus,
a) Faculty forwards the final result of the
students at the end of their study to the university
senate.
b) The senate vets the result to make sure there
are no students who have over stayed in the school
and no form of fraud in the result computation
process.
c) Senate sends back the approved and vetted
result to the department.
d) The department forwards a copy of the
approved result to the exams and records.

309
e) Exams and records section prepare a
statement of result for each student in the result
sheet.
f) Students sign the duplicate copy of the
statement of result and keep the original copy.
g) Exams and record officer documents the
duplicate copy signed by the student.
h) Exams and record officer prepare a certificate
to be awarded to the student on the next
convocation.
ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The following stages are used in object-oriented
analysis and design methodology to analyze and
design a system within its boundary.
1. Preliminary Investigation (initial survey) phase
This is the initial project investigation. The objective
is to identify what system is required, what should be
its broad scope, tentative cost, time and other
resources requirements. Once this broad and
tentative information is collected, the decision is
made whether to proceed developing the system or
not. The goal of system investigation phase is to
answer the following questions:
a. What is the business problem?
b. Is it a problem or an opportunity?
c. What are the main causes of the problem?
d. Can the problem be solved improving the
current information system?
e. Is a new information system needed?
f. Is this a feasible information solution to this
problem?
2. Problem Analysis Phase
This stage provides the analyst sufficient opportunity
to understand thoroughly the problem, opportunities
and/or directives that triggered the project. This stage
is primarily concerned with system owners and
system users view of the existing system.
3. Requirement (use case) Analysis Phase
This stage defines the business requirement for the
new system. Or is the process of discovering,
analyzing, defining and documenting the business
requirements. It involves measuring each functional
and non- functional requirement, technical,
operational and transitional requirements. This phase
answers the question
a. what do users need and want from the
existing system?
To answer this question, the following activities
must be embarked upon at this place:
(i) Define use cases.
A use case represent a class of functionality provided
by the system or actions that the user might carry
out in order to complete a specific task.
(ii) Analyze use cases (requirements).
4. Decision Analysis Phase
Decision making is a framework that helps project
managers solves wide range of decision- making
problems. Any decision analysis process is based on
three main policies, called the 3c’s principle.
I.Consistency – is an important aspect of decision
analysis process for similar kinds of problems and
opportunities to enable consistency in decision
making over time.
II.Comprehensiveness –decision analysis process should
include a comprehensive assessment and analysis of
the business situation. Missing or incomplete
information can lead to incorrect decisions.
III.Continuity – the value of decision analysis will
significantly diminish if it is done only on discrete
situation during the course of the project. Decision
analysis is an unremitting process of constructing and
refining decisions during a course of a project.

310
Figure 4 : the 3c’ principle of decision making
5. Design Phase
The purpose of the design phase is to devise a solution
for the problem specified by the requirement. This
stage is the first step in moving away from problem
domain to solution domain. This document is similar
to a proposal or plan for the solution, and is used later
at the implementation, testing and maintenance
stage.
The design activity is often divided into two separate
stages.
a) System design which is sometimes also called
a top-level design. This aims to identify the modules
that should be in the system, the specification and
how they interact with each other and the desired
results. At the end of the system design, all the major
data structure, file format, output format as well as
the major modules in the system and specification are
decided.
b) Detail design the internal logic of each of the
modules specified in the system design is decided.
During this stage further details of the structures and
algorithmic design of each module is specified.
6. Implementation and Testing Phase
System implementation is the development,
installation and testing of system components and
delivery of that system into production. (Bentley et.
al.,).
System implementation has several major activities.
There are five major tasks in this phase; coding,
testing, installation, documentation and training as in
Figure 5. The purpose of this phase is to convert the
physical system specifications into working and
reliable software and hardware, document the work
that have been done and provide help for the existing
and future users.
Figure 5 : Five Activities in the System
Implementation Phase
a) Coding
Coding is the process whereby the physical
specification that is created in the preceding stages is
turned into working computer codes by the
programmer team.
b) System testing
Testing is the process of running the program with a
set of data to check for the correctness of the program
(Eze, 2007.)
c) Installation
Installation is the process of moving away from an
existing system to the new, enhanced or present
system.
i. Direct installation
Direct installation is also referring to abrupt cut-over
installation. Direct installation is where an existing
system is turned off and the new system is turned on.
Figure 6 : Direct installation

311
ii. Parallel Installation
Parallel installation is when both system; the existing
and new system are operating at the same time until
the management decide that the existing system can
be turned off as in Figure 7.
Figure 8 : Parallel installation
iii. Single Location Installation
Single location also refers to location or pilot
installation. This approach is where the organization
is trying out to use a new system at one location and
then use the experience in deciding how the entire
system should be deployed throughout the
organisation as in Figure 9.
Figure 9 : Single-location installation
iv. Phase Installation
Phase installation is similar with single-location but
the difference is the new system is installed in
functional components.
Figure 10 : Phased installation
Installation may also require a system acceptance test
plan. System acceptance test is a final opportunity
where end users, management and information
system operation decide either to use or reject the
system. System acceptance test is a test performed on
the final system wherein users conduct verification,
validation and audit tests (Bentley et. al., 2007).
7 Documenting the System
Every system development is unique and needs
unique documentation. There are two basic types of
documentation; system documentation and user
documentation.
i. System documentation
System documentation records detailed
information about system’s design specification,
its internal workings and its functionality
(Hoffer et. al., 2005).
ii. Internal documentation: Internal documentation
is part of the program source code or is generated
at compiled time.
iii. External documentation: external documentation
is a system that includes the outcome of
structures diagramming techniques such as data
flow entity-relationship diagrams.
b. User documentation
As stated earlier, system documentation is
intended for system maintenance programme;
user documentation is intended for the user of
the system. There are few types of user
documentations;
i. Reference guide- consists of exhaustive list of
system functions and command.
ii. Quick reference guide- provides essential
information about operating the system in a
short and concise format.
iii. User’s guide- provides information on how users
can use a computer system to perform and
accomplish some specific tasks.

312
OBJECT-ORIENTED ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
TERMINOLOGY
I. Actor: this represents anything (such as users or
roles) that needs to interact or interface with to
exchange information.
Use case: a use case describes a series of activities or
actions perform by a system to yield visible results.
Use case Modelling: a use case model is a view of a
system that emphasizes the behaviour as appears to
the outside users.
Polymorphism: is the attribute of being able to as
assign more than one meaning to a thing in different
contexts specially to allow an entity such as a
variable, a function or an object to have more one
form.
Message Passing: it is done when one object hooks to
one or more other object methods to request
information or action. Messages are intrinsic
elements of unified modelling language interaction
diagrams.
Inheritance: It explain methods or attributes defined
in one object class and can be reused in another
object class. Inheritance is the method that permits
new classes to be created out of the existing classes by
extending and refining its capabilities.
Class: It is a set of an object that shares the same
features and methods behaviour.
Behaviour: are things that an object can perform
which correspond to functions that act on their
features (data).
Attribute: are data that represents features or
characteristics of interest about an object. The
characteristics of an instance of a class are called
attributes that are implemented as variable inside a
class when defining software entity.
Object: is anything that is capable of being seen,
touched or sensed and about which users store data
(features) and combine behaviour.
Unified modelling language: It is a set of modelling
tools or equipment used to specify a software system
in terms of objects.
Encapsulation: It is a conceptual independence where
everything in the product that relates to the portion
of the world is modelled by that object is found in the
object itself. (Stephen, 1996) defines encapsulation as
the packing of several items together into one unit.
USE CASE DIAGRAM
The use case diagram represents the interaction
among actors and use cases and equally specifies the
communication between a user and the system. It
defines the environment and its interaction with the
use cases of the proposed systems.
Figure 11: A use case diagram of Admissions
subsystem
Figure 12 : a use case diagram of transcript subsystem
System
Student
Portal
Admission board
Admission officer
request for admission offer
registers new student
document unsuccessful students
publishes successful candidates names
conduct UTME exams
submit files
post students profile on net
Admission subsystem
System
Request for transcript
Produce course result
Regenerate transcript
Vet regnerated transcript
Post transcript
Generate transcript
Student
Department
Exams and Records Office
Lecturer
Senate
Transcript Subsystem

312
Table 1 : use case analysis table for generating information admission use case
USE CASE NAME REGISTER NEW STUDENT
USE CASE DESCRIPTION This use case describes the procedure for student registration. On
Completion the student is given a matriculation number.
Typical courses of events Actor action
STEP 1: this use case is initiated when a
student prints his/her letter of admission
from the university portal.
STEP 2: student submits the admission
offer to the admission office.
System response
STEP 4: the admission officer
verifies the student particulars with
the list of admitted student from the
admission board.
STEP 5: student pays schools fees.
STEP 6: accepts student form and
issues student matriculation
number.
ALTERNATE COURSE STEP 3: if the student records are not found in the original list, the student
arrested and investigated.
PRE-CONDITION Registration can only be carried out only by the students who have met the
requirements and criteria for admission.
Figure 13: analysis sequence diagram for student registration

313
Table 2: Use case analysis for generating student transcript
USE CASE NAME GENERATE TRANSCRIPT
ACTORS STUDENTS, EAXAMS AND RECORD OFFICER AND DEPARTMENT
DESCRIPTION This use case describes the process of generating students transcript
Typical course of
Action
Actor action
STEP 1: this use case is
initiated when a student
apply for his/her
transcript.
STEP 6: the use case
terminates when the
generated transcript is
received by those
demanding it.
System response
STEP 2: student personal academic records are
validated
STEP3: student file is retrieved at exams and record
and transcript request is forwarded to the department
STEP 4: transcript is generated for the student.
STEP 5: the transcript is vetted and then sent to
where it is being requested.
ALTERNATE COURSE STEP 7:if student file is not found, the admission record is checked to see if the
student was properly admitted into the university and if so, new file is generated.
PRE-CONDITION Transcript can only be raised for bonafide student of the university who have
Complete their undergraduate studies.
POST-CONDITION transcript is sealed and sent to its destination
Figure 14 : analysis sequence diagram for transcript generation
Student Transcript homepage Transcript page Transcript page controller Transcript table
1 : click transcript button()
2 : displays()
3 : click apply for transcript()
4 : send details()
5 : verifies details()
Exp 1: if invalid details
6 : save details()
7 : return confirmation()
8 : display transcript()
9 : prints transcript()

314
FINDING AND IDENTIFYING OBJECTS
The next stage of this analysis is fining and identifying business objects. The business objects that are
identified at the course of this research are mentioned below:
- Lecturers
- Students
- Admission officer
- Admission list
- Destination
- Transcript
- Exams and record officer
- Faculty
- Department
- Session
- Admission record
- Result
- Student file
- Portal
- University senate
- School fees
- Academic program
Figure 15 : Diagram that shows the weaknesses
identified in the present system
PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED WITH THE PRESENT
SYSTEM
The problems that are identified in the existing
system are enumerated below:
I.Poor performance evaluation
II.Lack of data mining algorithm
III.Unstable admission procedures and statistics
IV.Records still stored in files and excel format
ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
OVER THE PRESENT SYSTEM
The proposed system has better and great
advantage than the existing system because it
provides the following facilities:
I.Provide algorithm for mining and extracting data
II.Provide a stable admission procedure
III.Provide data warehouse infrastructure
IV.Load, clean and extract data in warehouse
LIMITATIONS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
i. The proposed system requires costly and expensive
computing equipment.
ii.It requires too much work load in building it.
iii. Requires extensive research laboratory ready with
internet connections to source information.
iv. The proposed system requires a lot of fund to begin.
v.It requires a lot of brain storming ideas.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEW SYSTEM
i.The proposed system will help the institution to
find the relationship between results of courses and
the lecturers that taught in different sessions.
ii.The proposed system will help in finding the
relationship between results and admission
procedure.
iii.The proposed system will provide a better
performance evaluation

315
iv.The new system will help in providing stable and
normal admission procedures and statistics.
Figure 16: High level model of the proposed system
Summary
The research investigated on analysis of data mining
model for successful implementation of data warehouse
in tertiary institution in Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida
University Lapai, Niger State. The literature review
focused on several works done on data mining
techniques/models by other researchers. The method
used in data collection was interview which was
carried out by the researcher and it was validated by
experts before it was administered and the
methodology used was object-oriented analysis and
design to propose the new system.
III. CONCLUSION
Using a particular methodology to analyze a given
system in a dynamic world is the major activity in
software development. The researcher applied all the
required methods, techniques and procedures to
investigate and analyze the present system in other to
proffer solutions to the identified problems. Finally,
the proposed system tends to provide inter-relationship
amongst these two departments in the institution for
appropriate decision making and proper management.
IV. REFERENCES
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of business ethics: All that glitters is not gold
Digging Beneath the surface of data mining.
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(2009).Recommendation in Higher Education
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hidden information within University’s Student
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proceedings of the third Asia international
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Mohd Rizal M., Nor Fatimah A., and Hoo Y. S.,
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Cite this article as :
Amit Mishra, "Analysis of Data Mining Model for
Successful Implementation of Data Warehouse in
Tertiary Institutions (A Case Study of Irahim
Badamasi Babangida University) ", International
Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science,
Engineering and Information Technology
(IJSRCSEIT), ISSN : 2456-3307, Volume 8 Issue 5, pp.
305-316, September-October 2022. Available at doi :
https://doi.org/10.32628/CSEIT228531
Journal URL : https://ijsrcseit.com/CSEIT228531

Analysis Of Data Mining Model For Successful Implementation Of Data Warehouse In Tertiary Institutions (A Case Study Of Irahim Badamasi Babangida University)

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