Anatomy And Physiology Essay
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The document discusses homeostasis and the roles of various organs in maintaining internal balance within an organism. It explains how the autonomic nervous system operates subconsciously to regulate functions like heart pumping and gastrointestinal movements. Additionally, it details the structure and function of neurons, emphasizing their role in transmitting electrochemical signals and maintaining resting potential.
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Anatomy And Physiology Essay
- 1. Anatomy and Physiology Essay Anatomy and Physiology The term homeostasis is used to mean maintenance of static or constant conditions in the internal environment in the organism. Essentially all of the organs and tissues of the body perform functions that help to maintain these constant conditions. For instance, the lungs provide oxygen to the extra cellular fluid to replenish oxygen that is being used by the cells; the kidneys maintain constant ion concentrations and the gastrointestinal system provides nutrients. Not all substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract can be used in their absorbed form by the cells. The liver changes the chemical compositions of many of these substances to more useable forms and...show more content... A large segment of the nervous system is called the autonomic system. It operates at a subconscious level and controls many functions of the internal organs, including level of pumping activity by the heart, movements of the gastrointestinal tract, and glandular secretion. Neurons are cells that act like tiny batteries which power electrical circuits within the body. They can transmit impulses from cell to cell for communication, control, and interpretation of sensory input. In a typical neuron dendrites respond to stimuli through input to the neuron cell body. When the stimulus is large enough the cell body sends a one way electrochemical impulse through the axon to the next neuron or to some effector such as a muscle. The most important part of a neuron is its cell membrane. Using active transport and special Na+/K+ ion pumps in the membrane of the axon a neuron creates a resting potential of –70 millivolts. The cell essentially becomes a tiny battery ready for action. The action is the action potential –– a wave of electro–chemical activity which sweeps down the axon in one direction, changing its polarity. Depolarization leads to further depolarization as special electrically sensitive protein gates swing open allowing Na+ ions to enter the cell and K+ ions to escape. Once depolarized the Na+/K+ pumps quickly re–polarize the axon by Get more content on HelpWriting.net