Anatomy of female genital tract
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The female genital tract includes external genitalia like the labia majora and minora, clitoris, and vaginal opening. Internal organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. The vagina is a fibromuscular tube that provides a birth canal. The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the pelvis. The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. The ovaries contain follicles that release eggs and produce hormones.
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Anatomy of female genital tract
- 1. ANATOMY OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT
- 2. • External genitalia • Internal genitalia • Accessory reproductive organs
- 3. Mons veneris Labia • Post commisure majora External • prepuce Labia • Frenulum genitalia minora • Fourchette (vulva, • Fossa navicularis pudendum) • Glans clitoris • Body • 2 crura • 6 openings • bartholin’s abscess vestibule • Hymen
- 5. • Blood supply – Arteries • Br. of internal pudendal artery – Labial A., – Transverse perineal A., – A to vestibular bulb, – deep & dorsal arteries to clitoris • Br. of Femoral A – Superficial & deep external pudendal A – Veins • Internal pudendal vein • Vesical/ vaginal venous plexuses • Long saphenous vein
- 6. • Nerve supply – Ant-sup part • Ilio inguinal & genital br. of genitofemoral N (L1,L2) – Post-inf part • Pudendal br. of post.cut. N of thigh (S123) – In between • Labial & perineal br.of Pudendal N (S234) • Lymphatics – Superf. Inguinal nodes – Gland of Cloquet – Ext. & Int. Iliac nodes
- 7. Vagina Uterus Internal genital organs Fallopian tubes ovaries
- 8. Vagina • Fibromuscular membranous sheath • Excretory channel • Organ of copulation • Birth canal of parturition • 45 horizontal • 2.5cm diameter • distensibility
- 9. • Walls – Ant : 7.5 cm – Post : 9cm – 2 lateral walls • Fornices : – Ant : shallow – 2 lateral – Post : deep
- 11. • Structure – mucous coat – Submucous layer of loose areolar vascular tissues – Muscular layer – Fibrous coat (from endopelvic fascia) :highly vascular • Vaginal secretion – Doderlein’s bacilli : lactic acid from glycogen
- 12. • Blood Supply – Arteries • Cervicovaginal br. Of uterine A • Vaginal A • Middle rectal A • Internal pudendal • Anastomose---form 2 azygos arteries – Veins drain into: • Internal iliac V • Internal pudendal V • Lymphatics drain into • Upper 1/3rd : internal iliac nodes • Middle 1/3rd: external iliac nodes • Lower 1/3rd (below hymen) : superficial inguinal gp. • Nerve supply • Parasympathetic : S234 • Sympathetic: hypogastric plexus • Lower end : pudendal N (sensory )
- 13. Uterus • Ho l l o w, p y r i f o r m mu s c u l a r o r g a n i n p e l v i s • Po s i t i o n : a n t e v e r s i o n & a n t e f l e x i o n u t e r u s d e x t r o r o t a t e d c e r v i x l e v o r o t a t e d • Me a s u r e me n t s – 7.5c m l o n g – 5c m w i d e – 3c m t h i c k
- 14. Parts of uterus
- 16. • Structure – Perimetrium : serous coat – Myometrium: thick bundles of sm. M • During pregnancy: – Outer long. – Middle interlacing – Inner circular – Endometrium • Surface epithelium • Lamina propria – Stromal cells – Endometrial glands – Vessels & nerves • Decidua in pregnancy • Secretion: scanty & watery
- 17. • Re l a t i o n – Anterior • Above int.os : uterovesical pouch • Below int.os: separated from UB by loose areolar tissue – Posterior • Pouch of Douglas with coils on intestine – Lateral • Broad ligament • Mackenrodt’s ligament • Uterine A & ureter
- 18. • Ligaments of uterus – Uterosacral ligament – Transverse cervical/ Mackenrodt’s lig – Pubovesicocervical lig – Round ligament – Broad ligament • Mesovarium • Mesosalpinx • mesometrium • Suspensory lig of ovary/ infundibulopelvic ligament
- 19. • Blood supply – Arteries: • Uterine A • Ovarian & Vaginal As. – Veins drain into • Internal iliac veins • Lymphatics • Nerves – Sympathetic • Motor : T5 & T6 • Sensory : T10 – L1 – Parasympathetic • Pelvic N ( S2,3,4) : both motor & sensory : ends in ganglia of Frankenhauser
- 20. Fallopian tube (uterine tube, oviduct) • 10-14 cm • Lies within the superior border of broad ligament • 2 openings – Medially into cornua – Laterally into abdominal cavity
- 21. Parts of fallopian tube
- 23. Structure : -3 layers
- 24. • Blood Supply – Arteries • Uterine A • Ovarian A – Veins • Through pampiniforn plexus into ovarian veins • Lymphatics • Para-aortic nodes • Nerve supply – Uterine & ovarian nerves
- 25. The Ovary • Paired, situated on either side of uterus • Close to lateral pelvic wall • In ovarian fossa of Waldeyer • Size: 4*3*2 cm • Only intra-abdominal structure not covered by peritoneum • Medial pole: attached to uterine cornua by ovarian ligament • Laterally to the pelvic wall by infundibulopelvic ligament • Fimbrial end of oviduct close to ovary & attached to it via fimbria ovarica
- 27. • Structure : 2 parts • Lined single layer of germinal epithelium of Waldeyer (cuboidal epi.) • Tunica albuginea : stromal cells thickened Cortex beneath germinal epithelium • Contain primordial follicles • Corpus albicans/ atretic follicles • Loose connective tissues, blood vessels, nerves, muscles Medulla • Hilus cells : homologous to interstitial cells of testes
- 29. • Blood Supply – Arterial : Ovarian A – Veins : • Through pampiniform plexus ovarian V. Lt. Renal Vein IVC • Lymphatics • Para-aortic nodes • Nerve supply • Sympathetic supply from T10 along ovarian A.