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Anatomy of Soft palate
- 1. UploadUpload By :Ahmed Ali AbbasBy : Ahmed Ali Abbas Babylon University College of DentistryBabylon University College of Dentistry downloaddownload this file from Website onthis file from Website on GoogleGoogle TheOptimalSmile.wix.comTheOptimalSmile.wix.com choose Lectureschoose Lectures Then Second StageThen Second Stage Then choose the lecture you needThen choose the lecture you need
- 3. Soft PalateSoft Palate PalatePalate -formthe roof of mouth and floor of nasal cavity. A- Hard palate: -Is anterior 4/5 of palate , forms a bony framework covered with a mucous membrane. -Consist of the palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bones.
- 5. --Contains theContains theincisiveincisive foramenforamen in its median planein its median plane anteriorly and theanteriorly and the greater andgreater and lesserlesser palatine foramenpalatine foramen posteriorlyposteriorly.. --Receive sensory innervationReceive sensory innervation through the greater palatinethrough the greater palatine and nasopalatine nerve andand nasopalatine nerve and blood from greater palatineblood from greater palatine arteryartery..
- 8. B- Soft PalateB-Soft Palate:: -Is moveable posterior third of palate. -Suspended from posterior border of hard palate. -Has no bony skeleton.
- 9. --IncludeInclude:-:- --Anterior membrane calledAnteriormembrane called aponeuroticaponeurotic palatepalate that attached to posterior edge ofthat attached to posterior edge of hard palatehard palate.. --Posterior fibro muscular calledPosterior fibro muscular called muscular palatemuscular palate.. --Free margin calledFree margin called uvulauvula.. --Soft palate joint to the tonque bySoft palate joint to the tonque by palatoglossal archpalatoglossal arch and to the pharynxand to the pharynx byby palatopharyngeal archpalatopharyngeal arch . These. These arches called pillar of faucesarches called pillar of fauces (throat(throat(.(.
- 11. Dorsal lingual a Lesserpalatine a Ascinding palatine artery Facial artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Lingual vein
- 12. Muscles of SoftPalateMuscles of Soft Palate:: Are five muscles arise from base of cranium and descend to palate 1-Tensor veli palatine 2-Levator veli palatine 3-Palatoglossus 4-Palatopharyngeus 5-Musculus uvulae
- 15. Innervation of SoftPalateInnervation of Soft Palate:: 11--SensorySensory:: Is from maxillary nerve through pterygopalatine ganglia via greater palatine nerve, nasopalatine nerve, lesser palatine nerve. 22--MotorMotor:: All the muscle of soft palate are supplied by pharyngeal plexus, except tensor vel: palatine which supply by medial pterygaid nerve, branch of mandibular nerve. So lesion of vagus nerve deviates the uvula to the opposite side.
- 16. Blood supply ofsoft palateBlood supply of soft palate 1- greater, lesser palatine artery maxillary a. 2-ascending palatine a. Facial a. 3-ascending pharyngeal a. Veins of palate: Pterygaid venous plexus.
- 20. PharynxPharynx -Is a funnel-shapedfibromusclarIs a funnel-shaped fibromusclar tube extends fromtube extends from base of thebase of the skullskull to the inferior border of theto the inferior border of the cricoid lastelegecricoid lastelege. --Part of digestive systemPart of digestive system posterior to theposterior to the nasalnasal andand oraloral cavity and extend inferiorlycavity and extend inferiorly posterior toposterior to larynxlarynx..
- 24. Subdivision of thepharynxSubdivision of the pharynx:: A- Nasopharynx:- -lies posterior to nose and superior to soft palate. -communicated with nasal cavities through nasal choanae anteriorly. -contain the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) in its posterior wall in childhood may filled the nasopharynx and completely block nasal breathing. -is connected laterally with the lymphanic cavity through auditory (Eustachian) tube.
- 26. B- OropharynxB- Oropharynx:-:- -posteriorcontinuation of mouth cavity. -extend between the soft palate above and the superior border of the epiglottis below. -laterally contain the palatine tonsils, which are lodged in the tonsillar fossae and are bonded by palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds.
- 28. Palatine tonsilPalatine tonsil -collectionof lymphatic tissue in between anterior and posterior faucal pillars. -covered with mucous membrane which is invaginated into deep crypts whose months are visible to the naked eye. -the tonsil does not fill the tonsillar cleft between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches in adults.
- 31. -tonsillar bed betweenthese 2 arches is formed by superior constrictors of pharynx. -received blood from ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of facial artery, ascending palatine branch of maxillary artery, ascending pharyngeal artery and dorsal lingual branches of lingual artery. -tonsillectomy is surgical removed of a tonsil, may caused much blending because of highly vascular. Careless operation causing severe bleeding because the palatine tonsils are closely related to the internal carotid artery, may caused loss of taste sensation in posterior part of the tongue from injury to the lingual branches of glossopharyngeal, and also loss of the general sensation of anterior two- third of the tongue from injury to the lingual nave.
- 32. C- LaryngopharynxC- Laryngopharynx -liesposterior to larynx -extend from upper border of epiglottis to lower border of cricoid cartilage. -contain the piriform recesses or fossa, one on each side of opening of larynx, in which swallowed, foreign bodies may be lodged. The recess is separated from laryngeal inlet by aryepiglottic fold. Laterally the piriform recess is bounded by medical surface of thyroid cartilage and the thyrohyaid membrane. Branches of internal laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerve lie deep to muscous membrane of piriform recess and are vulnerable to injury when a foreign body lodges in this recess.
- 34. Pharyngeal WallPharyngeal Wall Thewall present 4 layersThe wall present 4 layers:: 11--Externally Buccopharyngeal fasciaExternally Buccopharyngeal fascia 22--External circular layer (musclesExternal circular layer (muscles(.(. --33constrictor (superior, middle,constrictor (superior, middle, inferiorinferior(( 33--Internal longitudinal layerInternal longitudinal layer --33muscles (palatopharyngeus ,muscles (palatopharyngeus , stylopharyngeus , salpingopharyngeusstylopharyngeus , salpingopharyngeus(.(. 44--Mucous membraneMucous membrane..
- 36. Buccopharyngeal fasciaBuccopharyngeal fascia Layerof fibrous tissue covering both baccinator and pharyngeal muscles , bind upper part of pharynx to prevertebral fascia.
- 37. Pharyngo-basilar fasciaPharyngo-basilar fascia Thesuperior, middle, inferior constrictor muscles of pharynx overlap posteriorly and telescoped into each other like three stacked cups. These muscles does not extend up to base of skull, so here the immobile wall of nasopharynx consist of rigid membrane called pharyngo-basilar fascia extend down to level of soft palate making fourth cup stucked inside the other three cups. This fascia make the wall of pharynx stiff keeping it always open for breathing. This fascia is attached to base of skull and to the medial pterygaid plate.
- 45. **Structures between baseof skullStructures between base of skull and superior constrictor areand superior constrictor are:-:- -levator veli palatine -pharyngotympanic tube -ascendind palatine artery -pharyngobasilar fascia
- 46. •Structures between superiorStructuresbetween superior and middle constrictor areand middle constrictor are:-:- -stylopharyngeus m. -glossopharyngeal n. -stylohyaid ligament.
- 47. **Structures between middleandStructures between middle and inferior constrictor areinferior constrictor are:-:- -internal laryngeal n. -superior laryngeal artery and vein *gup inferior to inferior constrictor is for recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal artery to pass superiorly into the larynx.
- 49. Q1/ What ismean by Dehiscence of KillianQ1/ What is mean by Dehiscence of Killian?? Innervation of pharynxInnervation of pharynx:: Motor supplyMotor supply:: All the muscles of pharynx supply by pharyngeal plexus, except the stylopharyngeus muscle which is supply glossopharyngeal nerve
- 50. Pharyngeal plexusPharyngeal plexus:: --lyingin the lateral wall of pharynx over middle constrictor muscle. -derived branches from vagus (pharyngeal branches) , glossopharyngeal and cervical symphatic
- 51. Sensory innervation ofSensoryinnervation of pharynxpharynx -nasopharynx ______ maxillary nerve -oropharynx ____ glossopharyngeal nerve -laryngopharynx _____ include piriform recess by vagus via internal and recurrent laryngeal nerve.
- 52. Blood supply ofpharynxBlood supply of pharynx:: 1-Ascending pharyngeal a. 2-Branches from fascial a. (tonsillar a.) 3-Lingual , superior , inferior laryngeal arteries.
- 53. Venous drainage ofpharynxVenous drainage of pharynx:: Pharyngeal venous plexus Internal jugular v.
- 54. Lymphatic drainage ofpharynxLymphatic drainage of pharynx Directly ___ to deep cervical L.N. Indirectly ___ netropharyngeal L.N. or parotracheel L.N.
- 55. Q1/ Describe theanatomy of the swallowing? Q1/ What is mean by Waldeyers ring?