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Anatomy of the hand
- 1. Anatomy of theHand Artwork & Research by Katie Moriarty
- 2. Surface of theHand
- 3. Bones and Jointsof the Hand
- 5. Bones of theFingers • Distal Phalanges: located on the top of the finger; each has a convex dorsal surface and a flat palmar surface; rough elevation provides support for the nail bed • Middle Phalanges: located between the distal and proximal phalanges; does not exist on the thumb • Proximal Phalanges: lie at the base of the finger; connect to the the metacarpals at the knuckle
- 6. Bones of theHand • Metacarpals: make up the knuckles of the hand; are the bones of the palm; long bone • Carpals: connect the hand to forearm; are the bones of the wrist; facilitate positioning of the hand; consist of eight bones: hamate, pisiform, triquetrum, capitate, lunate, trapezoid, trapezium, and the scaphoid
- 7. Joints of theHand • Metacarpophalangealjoint: joints of the fingerswhen the fist is closed; connect the proximalphalanges to the metacarpals; synovialjoint with the movements of extension, flexion, and abduction • Interphalangealjoints: locatedbetween the phalanges; hingejoint with only the movements of flexion and extension; contains a fibrouscapsule for extrastability and strength • BasilarJoint: located at the base of the thumb; formedby a smallbone in the wrist and the metacarpal of the thumb
- 8. Fingertip and NailComplex
- 10. Fingertip and NailComplex • Sterile Matrix: commonly known as the nail bed; it extends from the lunula to the hyponychium; contains the blood vessels, nerves, and melanocytes • Germinal Matrix: root of the fingernail; located mostly beneath the skin; forms most of the volume of the nail; only visible part is the edge of the germinal matrix (lunula) • Lunula: white cresent shape structure in the germinal matrix • Eponychium: more commonly known as the cuticle; fuses together the skin of the finger and the nail bed for a waterproof barrier. • Nail Plate: this is the actual nail of a finger; composed of keratin; has a pink appearance due to the blood vessels beneath it
- 11. Muscles of theHand
- 13. Muscles of thehand (as seen in drawing) • First Dorsal Interossei: four muscles located in the back of the hand; act by spreading the index, middle, and ring fingers away from the hand as well as assist in flexion at the knuckle joints, and extension in the finger joints • Adductorpollicis: functionstoadductthethumb; fan-shaped and flat; beneaththelong flexor tendons and lumbrical muscles, butoverliethemetacarpalbones • Opponenspollicis: functions to oppose the thumb; small triangular muscle
- 14. Muscles of theHand (as seen in drawing) • OpponensDigitiMinimi: triangular muscle of the hand; functions to flex and laterally rotate the little finger; innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve • FlexorDigiti Minimi Brevis: flexes the littlefinger; a hypothenarmuscle; alsoinnervatedby the deepbranch of the ulnarnerve
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- 16. Works Cited • "AbductorMuscles and Their Function." Abductor Muscles and Their Function. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • "Basal Joint Arthritis." Orthopedic Specialists of Seattle. Orthopedic Specialists of Seattle, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • Brannan, Heather, MD. "Nail." About.com Dermatology. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • "Carpal Bones." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • De Lange, A. "Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • Dery, Bernard. "Bones of the Hand." Bones of the Hand. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • "Flexor DigitiMinimiBrevis (hand)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Mar. 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. • " Hand Anatomy." Hand Anatomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013.