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Mobile Applications SIG Event:



    Developing
for the Android OS
        Presented by:

         Has Taiar
Android OS Overview
Overview
   Android Overview (What? & Why?)

   SDK and Development Tools.

   Android architecture, building blocks, and security.

   Applications’ Framework and Components.

   Comparable Features of Android.

   Q&A and Demo
What is Android?
   Modern open-source mobile operating system
   Full software stack
          Linux kernel 2.6
          Java middleware, framework
          core applications
   Google & OHA
       Goals (Being better, open, and standard) and vision.
   Latest Release 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
Why Android?
   open-source
       oapache    license
       ocost

       osetsdevelopers free
solid foundation: Linux kernel

good framework based on Java

empower users

      oreplace core apps

      oPersonalize

Google stuff

huge opportunity for vendors, developers, users

      oOS for free, innovate at app level

not just for phones
SDK & Dev Tools
   All major platforms supported
        (linux, windows, and mac)
   NDK for porting native code
   OEM USB Driver
   ADT for Eclipse v 18.0.0
SDK    Package manager & AVD Manager
   33.9 MB for the Starter SDK (core)
   clean and compact
   good documentation
   4.0.3 latest version
   Alternative Dev tools
SDK & Dev Tools (cont)
   Eclipse and ADT
   Emulator
   adb tool from the command line
      o   Android Debug Bridge
      o   ex: adb install <path_to_apk>
 other third party tools for UI generating,
sensors readings, etc.
SDK & Dev Tools (cont)
So what are the development approaches?
   Eclipse and ADT
   Mono for Android
   HTML 5 & Javascript
      o   Titanium Appaccelator
      o   PhoneGap
   Google App Inventor (MIT)
   Android App Makers like andromo
   Wordpress and its alike
SDK & Dev Tools (cont)
Architecture & Building Blocks
Architecture & Building Blocks
   Linux 2.6 based
   Provides hardware management
      o   File System
      o   Memory management
      o   Network (3G, EDGE, Wifi, BT)
      o   Camera
      o   Keyboard
      o   Power Management
Architecture & Building Blocks
Libraries
   Graphics
       o   OpenGL, Scalable Image, Animations
   Media
       o   Images (.png, .jpeg, etc)
       o   Videos (.mp4, .3gp, .wmv, etc)
       o   Audio (.mp3, .mp4 etc)
   Local Storage
       o   File System, and SQLite.
   Security
       o   SSL library
Integrated     Web Browser
       o   Webkit based
       oUses    Google Chrome
       oCSS    3, HTML5, Animation, etc
Architecture & Building Blocks
Android Runtime
   Dalvik
      o   A virtual machine executing apps
      o   Java development language


   Provides some supporting libraries
      o   HTTPClient, XML Parsing, JSON, etc
Architecture & Building Blocks
Applications Framework
   Functionality managed by the system
Underlying framework for your app
development
   Sharing common functionality.
   This makes all apps are:
       o   Equal
       o can use any of the mentioned
       functionalities
       o   can cooperate together
App Architecture
   Activity
       visible screens
   Service
       background services
   Content Provider
       shared data
   Broadcast receivers
       receive and react to broadcasted events
   Intent
       activating components
   AndroidManifest.xml
App Architecture (Cont.)
Activity

   Visual User Interface for one task
       o   ex: list of menu items & input fields
   Work together to form a cohesive UI
  One of the activities is marked as the
first or main starting point.
Can use additional UI elements such as
pop-ups and dialogue boxes
App Architecture (Cont.)
                                 Activity Life-cycle
Activity Layout and Life-cycle
App Architecture (Cont.)
Services

Run in the background for an indefinite
period of time
 Interact with services using API or through
UI interfaces.
 A service starts via a UI element, does not
stop even after the activity gets disposed.
Difference     between Create() & Bind()
   Can communicate with other services.
   Examples:
       o   Media player service
       o   Location Monitor Service
App Architecture (Cont.)
Broadcast Receiver
   Receive announcements and react.
   Examples of System broadcast:
   Time zone has changed
   Battery is low, and soon.
   Applications can also initiate broadcasts
   ex: Data has been downloaded
   An app can have many broadcastReceivers
 Difference between BroadcastReceiver and
the services.
       o   Broadcast intents delivered to all BR.
       o   Some Broadcast intents are sticky.
App Architecture (Cont.)
Content Provider
 Makes app data available to other apps by
storing it to:
     o File system

     o SQLite

 Implement a standard set of methods
     o Enable other apps to access and store
     data
 Apps cannot call methods directly

 ContentResolver object is used to
     o communicate with other content
     provider
     o Cooperate with the provider to
     manage any interprocess
     communication that is involved
App Architecture (Cont.)
Intent
Passive data structure holding an abstract description of an operation to be
performed
   Facilitate late run-time binding between components
   All Activities, Services, and BroadcastReceivers are activated by intents.
 An intent is passed with its data to the System to start an operation, the system
finds the appropriate action and performs it.
   The primary pieces of information in an intent are:
       o   Action: action to be performed (ex: ACTION_VIEW, ACTION_DIAL, etc)
       o   Data: data to operate on (ex: person record from the database)
   Examples:
       Intent i = new Intent(this, NameOfClassToTransitTo.class);
       i.putExtra(“key”, “value”);
       startActivity(i);
App Architecture (Cont.)




An intent filter declares the capabilities of its parent component — what an activity
or service can do and what types of broadcasts a receiver can handle
App Architecture (Cont.)
                    AndroidManifest.xml
Applications packaging
So what is delivered?




zip file (.apk)
   Java .class converted to .dex
   XML-files compressed into binary form
   manifest for app permissions
   signed with developer private key
   developer public key included
   assets packaged as is
Security
   Android apps run in sandboxed instances
   Linux user account per app
   Based on app permissions
   Apps are signed by developer private key
   No central authority
   why signing at all:
       two sibling apps can share data (process and
       userid)
          upgrade also smooth, same key
Other Android Features
 Open Nature
      Open Source
      Freedom of Customisability
       (Custom ROM, OS Builds, Core App Replacement).
 User widgets
 Community Based Development
 Third Party App Stores
 Flash Support
 Seamless Integration with Google Stuff
 Application framework enabling reusability and replacement of App components
 SQLite for structured data storage
 Media Support
     o Property-based animation and Renderscript 3D graphics.
     o Support MTP and PTP protocols
 Full device encryption
     o DPM policies for encrypted storage and passwords
Android Issues
Drawbacks:
Fragmentation
Hardware Acceleration
Development environment
Security Issue
Slow Update process
No Central Point of Control (Security, Updates, Notifications, etc).
Conclusions
 Android advantages outweigh its drawbacks as mentioned earlier.
 Android OS is still Consumer focused, no considerable presence in corporate
market.
 Fragmentation and Security are the two major concerns in Android.
 Development tools are evolving.
 In Future, Android might loose a bit of the share to other OS like Windows 7, but
would still be one of the top Mobile OS.
 It all depends on how Google Plays it.
References
 http://developer.android.com/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)

http://www.slideshare.net/clement.escoffier/android-a-linuxbased-os-for-mobile-phone

http://lifehacker.com/5801862/top-10-awesome-android-features-that-the-iphone-doesn
 http://www.slideshare.net/atomi/android-overview
 http://androidandme.com/2012/04/opinions/the-future-of-android-in-2012/
Demo & Q&A

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Android overview

  • 1. Mobile Applications SIG Event: Developing for the Android OS Presented by: Has Taiar
  • 3. Overview  Android Overview (What? & Why?)  SDK and Development Tools.  Android architecture, building blocks, and security.  Applications’ Framework and Components.  Comparable Features of Android.  Q&A and Demo
  • 4. What is Android?  Modern open-source mobile operating system  Full software stack  Linux kernel 2.6  Java middleware, framework  core applications  Google & OHA Goals (Being better, open, and standard) and vision.  Latest Release 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
  • 5. Why Android?  open-source oapache license ocost osetsdevelopers free solid foundation: Linux kernel good framework based on Java empower users oreplace core apps oPersonalize Google stuff huge opportunity for vendors, developers, users oOS for free, innovate at app level not just for phones
  • 6. SDK & Dev Tools  All major platforms supported (linux, windows, and mac)  NDK for porting native code  OEM USB Driver  ADT for Eclipse v 18.0.0 SDK Package manager & AVD Manager  33.9 MB for the Starter SDK (core)  clean and compact  good documentation  4.0.3 latest version  Alternative Dev tools
  • 7. SDK & Dev Tools (cont)  Eclipse and ADT  Emulator  adb tool from the command line o Android Debug Bridge o ex: adb install <path_to_apk>  other third party tools for UI generating, sensors readings, etc.
  • 8. SDK & Dev Tools (cont) So what are the development approaches?  Eclipse and ADT  Mono for Android  HTML 5 & Javascript o Titanium Appaccelator o PhoneGap  Google App Inventor (MIT)  Android App Makers like andromo  Wordpress and its alike
  • 9. SDK & Dev Tools (cont)
  • 11. Architecture & Building Blocks  Linux 2.6 based  Provides hardware management o File System o Memory management o Network (3G, EDGE, Wifi, BT) o Camera o Keyboard o Power Management
  • 12. Architecture & Building Blocks Libraries  Graphics o OpenGL, Scalable Image, Animations  Media o Images (.png, .jpeg, etc) o Videos (.mp4, .3gp, .wmv, etc) o Audio (.mp3, .mp4 etc)  Local Storage o File System, and SQLite.  Security o SSL library Integrated Web Browser o Webkit based oUses Google Chrome oCSS 3, HTML5, Animation, etc
  • 13. Architecture & Building Blocks Android Runtime  Dalvik o A virtual machine executing apps o Java development language  Provides some supporting libraries o HTTPClient, XML Parsing, JSON, etc
  • 14. Architecture & Building Blocks Applications Framework  Functionality managed by the system Underlying framework for your app development  Sharing common functionality.  This makes all apps are: o Equal o can use any of the mentioned functionalities o can cooperate together
  • 15. App Architecture  Activity visible screens  Service background services  Content Provider shared data  Broadcast receivers receive and react to broadcasted events  Intent activating components  AndroidManifest.xml
  • 16. App Architecture (Cont.) Activity  Visual User Interface for one task o ex: list of menu items & input fields  Work together to form a cohesive UI  One of the activities is marked as the first or main starting point. Can use additional UI elements such as pop-ups and dialogue boxes
  • 17. App Architecture (Cont.) Activity Life-cycle Activity Layout and Life-cycle
  • 18. App Architecture (Cont.) Services Run in the background for an indefinite period of time  Interact with services using API or through UI interfaces.  A service starts via a UI element, does not stop even after the activity gets disposed. Difference between Create() & Bind()  Can communicate with other services.  Examples: o Media player service o Location Monitor Service
  • 19. App Architecture (Cont.) Broadcast Receiver  Receive announcements and react.  Examples of System broadcast:  Time zone has changed  Battery is low, and soon.  Applications can also initiate broadcasts  ex: Data has been downloaded  An app can have many broadcastReceivers  Difference between BroadcastReceiver and the services. o Broadcast intents delivered to all BR. o Some Broadcast intents are sticky.
  • 20. App Architecture (Cont.) Content Provider  Makes app data available to other apps by storing it to: o File system o SQLite  Implement a standard set of methods o Enable other apps to access and store data  Apps cannot call methods directly  ContentResolver object is used to o communicate with other content provider o Cooperate with the provider to manage any interprocess communication that is involved
  • 21. App Architecture (Cont.) Intent Passive data structure holding an abstract description of an operation to be performed  Facilitate late run-time binding between components  All Activities, Services, and BroadcastReceivers are activated by intents.  An intent is passed with its data to the System to start an operation, the system finds the appropriate action and performs it.  The primary pieces of information in an intent are: o Action: action to be performed (ex: ACTION_VIEW, ACTION_DIAL, etc) o Data: data to operate on (ex: person record from the database)  Examples: Intent i = new Intent(this, NameOfClassToTransitTo.class); i.putExtra(“key”, “value”); startActivity(i);
  • 22. App Architecture (Cont.) An intent filter declares the capabilities of its parent component — what an activity or service can do and what types of broadcasts a receiver can handle
  • 23. App Architecture (Cont.) AndroidManifest.xml
  • 24. Applications packaging So what is delivered? zip file (.apk)  Java .class converted to .dex  XML-files compressed into binary form  manifest for app permissions  signed with developer private key  developer public key included  assets packaged as is
  • 25. Security  Android apps run in sandboxed instances  Linux user account per app  Based on app permissions  Apps are signed by developer private key  No central authority  why signing at all: two sibling apps can share data (process and userid)  upgrade also smooth, same key
  • 26. Other Android Features  Open Nature  Open Source  Freedom of Customisability (Custom ROM, OS Builds, Core App Replacement).  User widgets  Community Based Development  Third Party App Stores  Flash Support  Seamless Integration with Google Stuff  Application framework enabling reusability and replacement of App components  SQLite for structured data storage  Media Support o Property-based animation and Renderscript 3D graphics. o Support MTP and PTP protocols  Full device encryption o DPM policies for encrypted storage and passwords
  • 27. Android Issues Drawbacks: Fragmentation Hardware Acceleration Development environment Security Issue Slow Update process No Central Point of Control (Security, Updates, Notifications, etc).
  • 28. Conclusions  Android advantages outweigh its drawbacks as mentioned earlier.  Android OS is still Consumer focused, no considerable presence in corporate market.  Fragmentation and Security are the two major concerns in Android.  Development tools are evolving.  In Future, Android might loose a bit of the share to other OS like Windows 7, but would still be one of the top Mobile OS.  It all depends on how Google Plays it.

Editor's Notes

  • #7: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #8: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #9: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #10: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #11: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #12: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #13: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #14: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #15: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #16: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #17: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #18: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #19: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #20: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #21: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #22: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #23: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #24: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #25: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #26: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #27: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #28: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #29: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #30: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb
  • #31: Original Equipment Manafacuturers. For Mac, it just works For ubuntu, you need to add udev rules to configure your usb