Anjali synopsis seminar (15) (1) (1).pptx

Anjali synopsis seminar (15) (1) (1).pptx

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  Presented by Anjali Nagar M.Sc.(Ag.)Plant Pathology Reg. No.- 24-02-02-10-03 Characterization of Associated Virus(es) and Ecofriendly Management of Yellow Mosaic Disease in Black gram ( Vigna mungo L.) Synopsis Seminar on Department of Plant Pathology Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute (S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner) Durgapura-Jaipur Major advisor Dr. P. S. Shekhawat Professor Plant Pathology 1
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  ADVISORY COMMITTEE S. No.Name Designation Status PG Accreditation Code No. 1. Dr. P. S. Shekhawat Professor (Plant Pathology) Major Advisor 76/2013-13-04-32 2. Dr. Arvind M Assistant Professor (Plant Pathology) Advisor 54/2024-10-02-06 3. Dr. Manisha Sharma Assistant Professor (Entomology) Advisor 53-2024-05-03-09 4. Dr. Bheem Pareek Assistant Professor (Agronomy) Advisor DE Nominee 51/2024-03-02-03 3
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  INTRODUCTION Black gram (Vignamungo L.) Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae) Origin: India (Vavilov 1926) • It is the third major pulse crop after chickpea and pigeon pea, cultivating in almost all parts of Indian sub-continent (Balaji et al. 2004). • Black gram is rich in protein (25-26%), carbohydrates (60%), fat (1.5%), minerals, amino acids and vitamins (Karamany 2006). • Being a legume crop it fixes 42 kg atmospheric nitrogen per ha in soil through symbiotic relationship with Bradyrhizobium (Salam et al. 2009). 4
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  Place Area (lakh ha) Production (lakhtonnes) Productivity (kg/ha) India 35.36 23.19 656 Rajasthan 2.96 1.49 505 5 AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BLACK GRAM Source: DAC & FW (2023-24) Tonk, Bundi, Baran, Kota, Sawai madhopur and Ajmer are the major Black gram growing district of Rajasthan
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  MAJOR DISEASES OFBLACK GRAM 6 Gupta et al. 2021 S.N. Disease Pathogen 1 Yellow mosaic Mungbean yellow mosaic virus 2 Leaf crinkle Leaf crinkle virus 3 Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum 4 Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora canescens 5 Root Rot Rhizoctonia solani 6 Powdery mildew Erysiphe polygoni 7 Rust Uromyces phaseoli
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  Taxonomy of YMVs-Genome: ssDNA Family: Geminiviridae Genus: Begomovirus Typical symptoms of the disease : Nariani (1960) reported that the first symptoms of YMD appeared as mild yellow specks or spots on the young leaves.  Older leaves posses irregular green and yellow patches while the younger leaves show complete yellowing due to MYMV. The complete yellowing reduces photosynthetic efficiency of plant which ultimately affecting its yield (Malathi and John 2009). Affected plants bear few pods that are smaller in size and deformed. The seeds of such pods also show yellow spots on seed coat. Yellow Mosaic Disease of Black gram
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  OBJECTIVES 1. Ecofriendly managementof Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) in Black gram 2. Evaluation of Black gram varieties/germplasm against Yellow Mosaic Virus(es) to find the source of resistance 3. To know the biochemical alterations in diseased and healthy plants after viral infection 4. Molecular characterization of virus(es) associated with YMD of Black gram 8
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  9 Rationale for proposedinvestigation  Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by Bagomovirus of family Geminiviridae is an important disease of pulse crops. It was first reported in Black gram by Williams et al. (1968).  The four viruses viz., Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) , Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV), Horse gram Yellow Mosaic Virus (HgYMV) and Dolichos Yellow Mosaic Virus (DoYMV) have been reported to associated with yellow mosaic disease of pulse crops. These four viruses are collectively known as yellow mosaic viruses (YMVs) (Qazi et al. 2007).  In India, the MYMIV is predominant in northern, central and eastern regions (Usharani et al. 2004), whereas, the MYMV is predominant in southern region. These viruses are causing severe yellow mosaic infection in Black gram (Karthikeyan et al. 2004).  Yield losses due to this disease in Black gram may be varied from 10-100 %, depending upon the crop stage at which the crop get infected from the virus (Nainu and Murugan 2020).  YMVs are transmitted through whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) in persistent and circulative manner as reported by Nair and Nene (1974).
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  PROPOSED PLAN OFWORK
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  Crop Black gram(Vigna mungo L.) Variety MU-2 Spacing 30 No. of treatments 11 No. of replication 03 Plot size 2 Experimental design RBD ( Randomized Block Design) Season and year Kharif, 2025 Location Agricultural Research Farm, RARI, Durgapura Experimental Details 11 DISEASE MANAGEMENT
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  12 1. Ecofriendly managementof Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) in Black gram Tr. No. Treatment details Dose per liter T1 Foliar spray of Beauveria bassiana 10 g T2 Foliar spray of Metarhizium anisopliae 10 g T3 Foliar spray Neem oil 05 ml T4 Foliar Spray of buttermilk + NSKE 50 ml T5 Foliar Spray of buttermilk + Calotropis gigantea (Aak) 50 ml T6 Foliar Spray of buttermilk + Datura stramonium (Datura) 50 ml T7 Foliar Spray of buttermilk + Moringa oleifera (Moringa) 50 ml T8 Foliar Spray of buttermilk + NSKE + Aak +Datura + Moringa 50 ml T9 Foliar Spray of cow urine based “ Dasparni” 50 ml T10 Standard check Dimethoate 30 EC 02 ml T11 Untreated check - Seed Treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5 ml /kg seed will be common for all the treatments except check, Three foliar sprays will be applied at 10 days interval for each treatment.
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  13 Dasparni Composition- All the aboveingredients will be crushed and fermented in 200 L water for 1 month Usage – The extract will be squeezed and used as foliar spray. Source: NCOF, Ghaziabad.  Fresh leaves of Neem :5 kg  Fresh leaves of Papaya, Custard apple, Karanj, Castor, Kaner, Aak, Hibiscus, Marigold, Tulsi & Green chilli paste : 2kg each  Garlic paste :250 g  Cow dung : 3kg  Cow urine : 5 L
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  14 2. Evaluation ofBlack gram varieties/germplasm against Yellow mosaic Virus(es) to find out the source of resistance  Black gram varieties/ germplasm will be screened against YMV.  Each test line will be planted in a paired row with 2 m length and one susceptible line will be planted after five test lines as indicator line.  Black gram yellow mosaic disease incidence will be recorded at weekly intervals.  The percent disease index (PDI) will be computed on 10 randomly selected plants from each test line by using the formula of Wheeler (1969). Sum of all the numerical ratings Percent disease index (PDI) = ------------------------------------------------------------------ x 100 Number of observations x Maximum disease rating
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  15 The percent diseaseincidence will be computed by using the formula given by Salam et al. (2011) Percent Disease Incidence = x 100 The disease rating scale (0-9) as suggested by AICRP on Kharif Pulses (2024-25) will be used for disease scoring.
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  16 3. Study ofbiochemical alterations The biochemical changes due to viral infection will be studied in healthy and diseased plants. Estimation will be done – i. Chlorophyll and carotenoid (Hiscox and Israelstam 1997) ii. Total soluble protein (Lowry et al.1951) iii. Total phenol (Thimmaiah 1999)
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  17 4. Molecular confirmationof associated pathogen Infected samples will be collected from the field during screening and management experiment and stored in -20 deep freezer for DNA isolation. ℃ Isolation of DNA from leaf sample using CTAB method (Lodhi et al. 1994) PCR amplification will be carried out using PALIc1960/PARIv722 (Rojas et al. 1993) as per Arvind and Abhishek (2021) followed by dispatch of sample for sequencing Preparation of contigs from forward and reverse sequence using Bioedit V 7.2 Sequence will be submitted to NCBI and bioinformatics analysis using MEGA V 12.0 (Saitou and Nei 1987)
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  18 Expected outcomes: Efficient ecofriendlymanagement techniques of YMD may be find out. Screening studies will facilitate the identification of disease-resistant traits within the available germplasm. Biochemical evaluation will help in understanding the resistant nature of cultivar in depth. The associated virus(es) with YMD of Black gram will be confirmed through molecular approaches.
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  19 THANKS