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![Submandibular
(Digastric) triangle
Boundaries:
- Superiorly:
inferior border
of the mandible
- Inferiorly:
anterior and
posterior bellies
of the digastric
muscle
Contents: Submandibular gland; submandibular lymph nodes; hypoglossal
nerve [XII]; mylohyoid nerve; facial artery and vein
Floor: formed by the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles and the middle
pharyngeal constrictor](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anteriortriangle1-220819152424-ff890e7f/75/anterior_triangle_1-pdf-2-2048.jpg)
![Carotid triangle
Boundaries:
Anteroinferiorly:
the superior belly of
the omohyoid
muscle
Superiorly: the
stylohyoid muscle
and posterior belly
of the digastric,
Posteriorly:
anterior border of
the
sternocleidomastoid
muscle.
Floor: thyrohyoid, hypoglossus, middle and inferior constrictors of pharynx
Contents:
Tributaries to common facial vein; cervical branch of facial nerve [VII]; common
carotid artery; external and internal carotid arteries; superior thyroid; ascending
pharyngeal; lingual, facial, and occipital arteries; internal jugular vein; vagus [X],
accessory [XI], and hypoglossal [XII] nerves; superior and inferior roots of ansa
cervicalis; transverse cervical nerve](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/anteriortriangle1-220819152424-ff890e7f/75/anterior_triangle_1-pdf-5-2048.jpg)
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anterior_triangle_1.pdf
- 1. The anterior triangle Boundaries: -Superiorly: body of the mandible - Posteriorly: sternocleidomastoid muscle - Anteriorly: midline Subdivisions: - Carotid triangle - Digastric triangle - Submental triangle - Muscular triangle
- 2. Submandibular (Digastric) triangle Boundaries: - Superiorly: inferiorborder of the mandible - Inferiorly: anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle Contents: Submandibular gland; submandibular lymph nodes; hypoglossal nerve [XII]; mylohyoid nerve; facial artery and vein Floor: formed by the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles and the middle pharyngeal constrictor
- 3. Submental triangle Boundaries: Inferiorly: the hyoidbone Laterally: the anterior belly of the digastric muscle The midline Contents: Submental lymph nodes; tributaries forming the anterior jugular vein Floor: formed by the two mylohyoid muscles
- 4. Muscular triangle Boundaries: Superiorly: the hyoidbone, Laterally: the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, and the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle The midline Contents: Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles; thyroid and parathyroid glands; pharynx Floor: formed by the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, muscles
- 5. Carotid triangle Boundaries: Anteroinferiorly: the superiorbelly of the omohyoid muscle Superiorly: the stylohyoid muscle and posterior belly of the digastric, Posteriorly: anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Floor: thyrohyoid, hypoglossus, middle and inferior constrictors of pharynx Contents: Tributaries to common facial vein; cervical branch of facial nerve [VII]; common carotid artery; external and internal carotid arteries; superior thyroid; ascending pharyngeal; lingual, facial, and occipital arteries; internal jugular vein; vagus [X], accessory [XI], and hypoglossal [XII] nerves; superior and inferior roots of ansa cervicalis; transverse cervical nerve
- 6. Digastric: Origin (Posterior belly): Mastoid process (Anteriorbelly): Digastric fossa on lower inside of mandible Insertion: Intermediate tendon is held to hyoid by fascial sling NS: Anterior : Nerve to mylohyoid Posterior: Facial nerve Action: Depresses mandible or elevates hyoid bone Muscles in the anterior triangle
- 7. Stylohyoid: Origin: Styloid process Insertion: Lateral areaof body of hyoid bone NS: Facial nerve Action: Elevates hyoid bone Muscles in the anterior triangle
- 8. Mylohyoid: Origin: Mylohyoid lineof body of mandible Insertion: Body of hyoid bone NS: Inferior alveolar nerve Action: Elevates floor of mouth and hyoid bone or depresses mandible Muscles in the anterior triangle
- 9. Geniohyoid Origin: Inferior mentalspine of mandible Insertion: Body of hyoid bone NS: 1st cervical nerve Action: Elevates hyoid bone or depresses mandible Muscles in the anterior triangle
- 11. Sternohyoid Origin: Manubrium sterniand clavicle Insertion: Body of hyoid bone NS: Ansa cervicalis; C1, 2, and 3 Action: Depresses hyoid bone Muscles in the anterior triangle
- 12. Sternothyroid Origin: Manubrium sterni Insertion:Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage NS: Ansa cervicalis; C1, 2, and 3 Action: Depresses larynx Muscles in the anterior triangle
- 13. Thyrohyoid Origin: Oblique lineon lamina of thyroid cartilage Insertion: Lower border of body of hyoid bone NS: 1st cervical nerve Action: Depresses hyoid bone or elevates larynx Muscles in the anterior triangle
- 14. common carotid artery Theright common carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery The left artery arises from the arch of the aorta Runs under cover of the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle Begins: sternoclavicular joint Ends: upper border of the thyroid cartilage. Divisions: external and internal carotid arteries
- 15. common carotid artery Thecarotid sinus: localized dilatation in the terminal part of the common carotid artery Contains numerous nerve endings derived from the glossopharyngeal nerve. serves as a reflex pressoreceptor mechanism The carotid body: is a small structure that lies posterior to the point of bifurcation of the common carotid artery Innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve. The carotid body is a chemoreceptor, being sensitive to excess carbon dioxide and reduced oxygen tension in the blood.
- 16. Anterolaterally: skin, fascia, sternocleidomast oid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid,and the superior belly of the omohyoid Posteriorly: The transverse processes of the lower four cervical vertebrae, the prevertebral muscles, and the sympathetic trunk (In the lower part of the neck are the vertebral vessels. Relations of common carotid artery
- 17. Organized into severaldistinct layers: Investing layer: which surrounds all structures in the neck Prevertebral layer: surrounds the vertebral column and the deep muscles associated with the back Pretracheal layer: encloses the viscera of the neck Carotid sheath: vascular Deep cervical fascia
- 18. Medially: The larynx andpharynx and, below these, the trachea and esophagus The lobe of the thyroid gland Laterally: The internal jugular vein and, posterolaterally,the vagus nerve Relations of common carotid artery
- 19. Begins: at thelevel of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage Terminates: in the substance of the parotid gland behind the neck of the mandible by dividing into the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries. Medial to the internal carotid artery, then passes backward and lateral to it. Crossed by the posterior belly of the digastric and the stylohyoid The external carotid artery
- 20. Relations of the External CarotidArtery Anterolaterally: - Beginning: anterior border of the sternocleidomastoi d - Crossed by: the hypoglossal nerve the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the stylohyoid muscles. Within the parotid gland, facial nerve - The internal jugular vein first lies lateral to the artery and then posterior to it. Medially: The wall of the pharynx and the internal carotid artery. The stylopharyngeus muscle, the glossopharyngeal nerve, and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus pass between the external and internal carotid arteries
- 21. Branches of theExternal Carotid Artery Superior Thyroid Artery: curves downward to the upper pole of the thyroid gland, It is accompanied by external laryngeal nerve, which supplies the cricothyroid muscle. Ascending Pharyngeal Artery: ascends along and supplies the pharyngeal wall. Lingual Artery: loops upward and forward and supplies the tongue
- 22. Facial Artery Occipital Artery PosteriorAuricular Artery Superficial Temporal Artery Maxillary Artery Branches of the External Carotid Artery