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APA Style
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- 2. Why cite yoursources? To avoid honor code violations (student issue) To avoid plagiarism (scholarly community issue) To avoid copyright violations/legal action (public issue) To give credit to others for their hard work To direct reader to more information about your topic
- 3. When to citeyour sources: Any time you use information in a paper that you got elsewhere, you should cite your source When paraphrasing, summarizing, giving conclusions from a study, etc. When directly quoting from a source When in doubt, cite!
- 4. What is APA? Standard style used by scholars and students in the social sciences to cite sources Developed by the American Psychological Association Gives guidelines for formatting research papers and citing sources • Manual looks like this:
- 5. How to formatan APA paper: General guidelines: Times New Roman font, 12pt, double-spaced, 1-inch margins Pages are numbered consecutively throughout APA formatted papers include: a title page with running head an abstract (if required) in-text citations throughout body reference list with full citations
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- 7. In-text Citations Theseare your short, parenthetical citations that you place in the body of your text immediately following the material you are citing Point to a corresponding full citation in your reference list Usually include the author’s last name and the publication year The study concluded that people like pie (Jones, 1998). Can also include page number (if directly quoting from source) “I like pie” (Jones, 1998, p. 50).
- 8. In-text Citations Threeways to cite in-text: 1. As in previous examples, add the parenthetical citation to the end of the material paraphrased. The study concluded that people like pie (Jones, 1998). 2. Write the author’s name into the text and put the year in parentheses after. Jones (1998) concluded that people like pie. 3. Write as much of the citation as possible into the text (but don’t forget parenthetical page numbers if you quote directly.) In 1998, Jones concluded that “people, on average, like pie” (p. 50).
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- 10. In-text Citations Whatif… There are two or three authors? (Smith & Jones, 1998) Smith, Jones and Leery (1998) conclude that… “I like pie” (Smith, Jones, & Leery, 1998, p. 50). There are more than three authors? Use et al., which just means “and others” Jones et al. (1998) concluded that people like pie. People like pie (Jones et al., 1998). There is no personal author? Use a corporate author. If there is no corporate author, use the first few words of the title in the reference list Pie is unhealthy (USDA, 2010). Pie is really good for you (“Why Pie is Wonderful,” 2010). There is no date? Use n.d., which just stands for “no date” (Smith & Jones, n.d.)
- 11. Reference List Format Start your reference list on a new page (also numbered) Use the word “References” as your title, centered Arrange references alphabetically by the first word of the citation (usually the author’s last name) Indent all but first line of every reference from left Double space throughout with no extra spaces between title or references
- 13. References References areformatted slightly differently depending on the type of source Most commonly cited sources for research papers are scholarly books and journal articles. These can be print or electronic There is a quick citation guide on the library website with the format and examples of every type of source you will encounter
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- 16. References: eBOOKS For anebook, less publication information is needed. Just make sure you include the name of the source in brackets, followed by “Retrieved from” and the permalink.
- 17. References: Journal Articles Journalarticles begin like a book, but have different publication information. Instead of the place of publication and publisher, you have a journal title, volume and issue number, page range within the journal, and a doi (digital object identifier) or permalink.
- 18. References: Journal Articles DOIstands for “digital object identifier.” It is a unique number assigned to article so that its information can be shared or retrieved quickly. Include it only if given; otherwise use “Retrieved from” and the database OR permalink.
- 19. References: Journal Articles All the information you need for the citation is on the article record in the database. PROQUEST EDUCATION JOURNALS ERIC JOURNALS WORLDCAT ARTICLES
- 20. Assignment Find onebook about your topic using the resources provided. It can be a print book or e-book. Cite the book in APA format. Find two journal articles on your topic. One should be from ERIC and the other should be from ProQuest. Provide APA formatted citations for both.