Apache httpd v2.4

Apache httpd v2.4

• 1.
  Jim Jagielski @jimjag Apache httpdv2.4: What’s New, Pussycat? This should be pretty good!
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. About Me ➡ Apache Software Foundation ➡ Co-founder, Director, Member and Developer ➡ Director ➡ Outercurve, MARSEC-XL, OSSI, OSI (ex)… ➡ Developer ➡ Mega FOSS projects ➡ O’Reilly Open Source Award: 2013 ➡ European Commission: Luminary Award ➡ Sr. Director: Tech Fellows: Capital One
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Hold on a tic ➡ How do you define “new”??
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. httpd is sooo old school (aka fud) ➡ Apache doesn’t scale (its SLOW) ➡ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzkRVzciAZg
 
 ➡ Apache is too generalized
 
 
 ➡ Apache is too complex (config file) ➡ really? ➡ Apache is too old
 (yeah, just like Linux) vs It’s Squagels!
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Apache httpd 2.4 - design drivers ➡ New features and improve old ones ➡ Support for async I/O w/o dropping support for older systems ➡ Larger selection of usable MPMs: added Event, Motorz, etc... ➡ Leverage higher-performant versions of APR ➡ Increase performance ➡ Reduce memory utilization ➡ The Cloud Currently at version 2.4.18 (2.4.1 went GA Feb 21, 2012)
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. What’s New: Apache httpd 2.4 ➡ Configuration / Runtime Improvements ➡ New Modules / Capabilities ➡ Cloud / Proxy Enhancements ➡ Performance Increases ➡ HTTP/2
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Configuration - Runtime ➡ Finer control of timeouts, esp. during requests ➡ mod_reqtimeout ➡ KeepAliveTimout down to the millisecond ➡ Finer control over logging ➡ per module/per directory ➡ new logging levels (TRACE[1-8]) LogLevel info ssl:warn <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/foo"> LogLevel debug </Directory>
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Configuration - Runtime ➡ Other stuff: ➡ No more NameVirtualHost ➡ General purpose expression parser (BNF compatible) ➡ AllowOverrideList
 
 
 ➡ Loadable MPM modules ➡ Recall that different MPMs have different config directives! AllowOverride None AllowOverrideList Redirect RedirectMatch Header ./configure —enable-mpms-shared=all LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Configuration - Runtime ➡ Require ➡ Removes order/deny insanity! AuthType Basic AuthName "Restricted Resource" AuthBasicProvider file AuthUserFile /web/users AuthGroupFile /web/groups Require group admin <Directory /www/docs> <RequireAll> Require group alpha beta Require not group reject </RequireAll> </Directory> <Directory /www/docs2> Require all granted </Directory>
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. New Modules ➡ mod_macro <Macro VHost $name $domain> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName $domain ServerAlias www.$domain DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/$name ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/$name.error_log CustomLog /var/log/httpd/$name.access_log combined </VirtualHost> </Macro> Use VHost example example.com Use VHost myhost hostname.org Use VHost apache apache.org UndefMacro VHost From my ApacheCon 2000 Preso
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Configuration - Runtime ➡ <If> supports per-request conditions # Compare the host name to example.com and # redirect to www.example.com if it matches <If "%{HTTP_HOST} == 'example.com'"> Redirect permanent / http://www.example.com/ <ElseIf "%{HTTP_HOST} == ‘foobarfoo.com'"> Redirect permanent / http://www2.example.com/ </If>
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Configuration - Runtime ➡ Simple config-file variables: <Define> <IfDefine TEST> Define servername test.example.com </IfDefine> <IfDefine !TEST> Define servername www.example.com Define SSL </IfDefine> DocumentRoot /var/www/${servername}/htdocs
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. New Modules ➡ mod_lua <Files *.lua> SetHandler lua-script </Files> … example.lua require "string" function handle(r) r.content_type = "text/plain" if r.method == 'GET' then r:puts("Hello Lua World!n") for k, v in pairs( r:parseargs() ) do r:puts( string.format("%s: %sn", k, v) ) end elseif r.method == 'POST' then r:puts("Hello Lua World!n") for k, v in pairs( r:parsebody() ) do r:puts( string.format("%s: %sn", k, v) ) end elseif r.method == 'PUT' then r:puts("Unsupported HTTP method " .. r.method) r.status = 405 return apache2.ok else return 501 end return apache2.OK end
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. New Modules ➡ mod_buffer ➡ buffer the i/o stacks w/i httpd ➡ mod_sed ➡ True sed functionality, alternate to mod_substitute
 
 
 
 
 ➡ mod_remoteip ➡ allow access to the real client IP address <Directory "/var/www/docs/status"> AddOutputFilter Sed html OutputSed "s/complete/DONE/g" OutputSed “s/in-progress/TODO/g" </Directory> RemoteIPHeader X-Client-IP
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. New Modules ➡ mod_session ➡ easily maintain application server state ➡ mod_auth_form ➡ Form-based auth can now be handled internally <Location /dologin.html> SetHandler form-login-handler AuthFormLoginRequiredLocation http://example.com/login.html AuthFormLoginSuccessLocation http://example.com/success.html AuthFormProvider file AuthUserFile conf/passwd AuthType form AuthName realm Session On SessionCookieName session path=/ SessionCryptoPassphrase secret </Location>
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. New Modules ➡ mod_log_debug ➡ Add debug logging at any hook
 
 
 
 ➡ mod_ratelimit ➡ (basic) bandwidth limiting for clients <Location /foo> LogMessage “subreq to foo” hook=type_checker expr=%{IS_SUBREQ} </Location> <Location /downloads> SetOutputFilter RATE_LIMIT SetEnv rate-limit 400 </Location>
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Even more! ➡ mod_cache ➡ Can serve stale data if required ➡ X-Cache-Header now supports HIT/MISS/ REVALIDATE ➡ Can cache HEAD ➡ htcacheclean improvements ➡ mod_socache / mod_slotmem ➡ Data object/blog storage mechanisms
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. New Modules ➡ mod_proxy submodules: ➡ mod_proxy_fcgi ➡ mod_proxy_scgi ➡ mod_proxy_wstunnel ➡ mod_proxy_html ➡ mod_proxy_express ProxyExpressEnable on
 ProxyExpressDBMFile emap … ##
 ##express-map.txt: httxt2dbm -i express-map.txt -o emap
 ##
 
 www1.example.com http://192.168.002.2:8080
 www2.example.com http://192.168.002.12:8088
 www3.example.com http://192.168.002.10 ... www6341.example.com http://192.168.211.26
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Cloud and Performance ➡ The Cloud is a game changer for web servers ➡ Horizontal scalability is no longer as painful ➡ Concurrency is no longer the sole consideration ➡ ... or maybe even the primary one ➡ What’s important now? Transaction Time! (because it CAN be) ➡ Low latency ➡ Fast req/resp turnover ➡ Does density still matter? Of course! ➡ micro-services ➡ Are there environs where super-mega concurrency is the bugaboo? You betcha! (but the cloud makes these more and more rare, and you’re likely using a bad architecture anyway)
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Cloud and Dynamics ➡ The Cloud is a game changer for web servers ➡ The cloud is a dynamic place ➡ automated reconfiguration ➡ horizontal, not vertical scaling ➡ self-aware environments OK, maybe not THAT self-aware
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Why Dynamic Proxy Matters ➡ Apache httpd still the most frequently used front-end ➡ Proxy capabilities must be cloud friendly ➡ Front-end must be dynamic friendly
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Apache httpd 2.4 proxy ➡ Reverse Proxy Improvements ➡ Supports FastCGI, SCGI, Websockets in balancer ➡ Additional load balancing mechanisms ➡ Runtime changing of clusters w/o restarts ➡ Support for dynamic configuration ➡ mod_proxy_express ➡ mod_fcgid and fcgistarter ➡ Brand New: Support for Unix Domain Sockets
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Putting it all together <Proxy balancer://foo> BalancerMember http://php1:8080/ loadfactor=1 BalancerMember http://php2:8080/ loadfactor=4 BalancerMember http://phpbkup:8080/ loadfactor=1 status=+h BalancerMember http://phpexp:8080/ lbset=1 ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic </Proxy> <Proxy balancer://javaapps> BalancerMember ajp://tc1:8089/ loadfactor=1 BalancerMember ajp://tc2:8089/ loadfactor=4 ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests </Proxy> ProxyPass /apps/ balancer://foo/ ProxyPassReverse /apps/ balancer://foo/ ProxyPass /serv/ balancer://javaapps/ ProxyPass /images/ http://images:8080/ ProxyPass /foo unix:/home/www.socket|http://localhost/bar/
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. balancer-manager ➡ Embedded proxy admin web interface ➡ Allows for real-time ➡ Monitoring of stats for each worker ➡ Adjustment of worker params ➡ Allows for real-time ➡ Addition of new workers/nodes ➡ Change of LB methods ➡ Can be persistent! ➡ More RESTful ➡ Can be CLI-driven
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. server-status aware
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Performance ➡ From Bryan Call’s 2014 ApacheCon preso
 (http://www.slideshare.net/bryan_call/choosing-a-proxy-server-apachecon-2014) •  Squid&used&the&most& CPU&again& •  NGiNX&had&latency& issues& •  ATS&most&throughput& 0& 500& 1000& 1500& 2000& 2500& ATS& NGiNX& Squid& Varnish& hBpd& RPS$/$CPU$Usage$ 0& 5000& 10000& 15000& 20000& 25000& 30000& ATS& NGiNX& Squid& Varnish& hBpd& Requests$Per$Second$ 0& 5& 10& 15& 20& 25& 30& 35& 40& ATS& NGiNX& Squid& Varnish& hBpd& Latency$ Median& 95th&
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Performance ➡ From Nic Rosenthal Battle of the stacks
 (http://www.slideshare.net/AllThingsOpen/battle-of-the-stacks) HHVM + NGINX! ! vs! ! HHVM + Apache 2.4! ! http://ldr.io/1ogvD7X http://ldr.io/1ogD7b3 Response time: 76ms Response time: 60ms HHVM + NGINX HHVM + Apache 2.4 Image by Articularnos.com https://www.flickr.com/photos/articularnos/ Champion of the ! Battle Of The Stacks ATO Edition HHVM + Apache 2.4
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Raw Performance ➡ Event MPM : no longer experimental ➡ non-blocking ➡ async ➡ Faster, more efficient APR ➡ Smaller memory footprint ➡ More efficient data structures (worker and event)
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Apache httpd vs nginx ➡ Why nginx? Everyone asks about it... ➡ Benchmark: local and reverse proxy transaction times ➡ Apache httpd 2.4.18-dev, nginx 1.8.1 ➡ CentOS6, Dual Xeon 3.33GHz ➡ 4GB memory ➡ localhost loopback and external (no firewall) ➡ Double checked results: OSX 10.11.2 (8-core), Fedora 23 (4-core)
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Setup loopbackSetup 1: Setup 2: Setup 3: Setup 3:
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Considerations ➡ Multiple benchmarking systems: ➡ flood (50/250/5/2, 50/100/5/2, 50/5/5/2) ➡ httperf (num-conns=100->20000, numcalls=3,10,100) ➡ weighttp ➡ Full URL requests (www.example.com/index.html) ➡ Static local requests ➡ Static reverse proxy requests ➡ All Apache httpd MPMs ➡ No significant “tuning” efforts (mostly out of the box configs)
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. nginx vs Event (typical) Apache - Event MPM 0 500 1000 1500 2000 nginx 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 Open Write Read Close Increasing concurrency Increasing concurrency
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Apache - Prefork MPM 0 500 1000 1500 2000 nginx vs Prefork (typical) nginx 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 Open Write Read Close Increasing concurrency Increasing concurrency
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Total req/resp time Comparison - total transaction (close) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Prefork Worker Event nginx Increasing concurrency
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Resp to Req. Bursts - httperf 100 ---> 20000 0.00 1.75 3.50 5.25 7.00 min avg max dev min avg max dev min avg max dev min avg max dev min avg max dev min avg max dev prefork worker event nginx Increasing concurrency
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Independent benchmarks Source: Ryosuke Matsumoto : http://blog.matsumoto-r.jp/?p=1812 #!/bin/sh RESULT='./result.txt'   for port in 80 8080 8888 do #for count in 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 #for count in 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 for count in 21000 22000 23000 24000 25000 26000 27000 28000 29000 30000 do echo -n "$port $count " >> $RESULT httperf --rate $count --num-conns 25000 --server ipaddr --port $port --uri=/test.html | grep "Request rate:" >> $RESULT.$port sleep 60 done done
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Take-away ➡ Today, the web-server isn’t the slow link in the chain. ➡ Benchmarks get stale… fast! ➡ Real world trumps test environs ➡ Choose the right tool for the right job
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. What’s next? ➡ HTTP/2 support for proxy* ➡ TCP Proxy* ➡ Dynamic health-checks* ➡ Better async support ➡ More MPMs ➡ motorz: ➡ Streamlined event driven MPM ➡ Prelim benchmarks: 10% faster, 70% the size ➡ You tell us!
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  This work islicensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Thanks Twitter: @jimjag Emails:
 [email protected]
 [email protected]
 [email protected] http://www.slideshare.net/jimjag/