Apache Pulsar Overview
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Apache Pulsar is a cloud-native messaging and streaming platform designed to handle large-scale data ingestion and processing with low latency and high throughput. It features a flexible architecture that decouples storage from processing, enabling seamless scalability and fault tolerance, while supporting multi-tenancy and various data processing models. Pulsar offers significant advantages over legacy systems, including unified messaging models and efficient failure recovery mechanisms.
![Increasingly connected world
!3
Internet of Things
30 B connected devices by 2020
Health Care
153 Exabytes (2013) -> 2314 Exabytes
(2020)
Machine Data
40% of digital universe by 2020
Connected Vehicles
Data transferred per vehicle per month
4 TB -> 10 TB
Digital Assistants (Predictive Analytics)
$2B (2012) -> $6.5B (2019) [1]
Siri/Cortana/Google Now
Augmented/Virtual Reality
$150B by 2020 [2]
Oculus/HoloLens/Magic Leap
Ñ
+
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Apache Pulsar Overview
- 1. Apache Pulsar: Next Generation Cloud-Native Messaging & Streaming January 2019
- 3. Increasingly connected world !3 Internet of Things 30 B connected devices by 2020 Health Care 153 Exabytes (2013) -> 2314 Exabytes (2020) Machine Data 40% of digital universe by 2020 Connected Vehicles Data transferred per vehicle per month 4 TB -> 10 TB Digital Assistants (Predictive Analytics) $2B (2012) -> $6.5B (2019) [1] Siri/Cortana/Google Now Augmented/Virtual Reality $150B by 2020 [2] Oculus/HoloLens/Magic Leap Ñ + >
- 4. • Events are analyzed and processed as they arrive • Decisions are timely, contextual and based on fresh data • Decision latency is eliminated • Data in motion Fast data processing !4 Ingest/ Buffer Analyze Act
- 5. Elements of stream processing !5 ComputeMessaging Storage Data Ingestion Data Processing Results StorageData Storage Data Serving
- 6. Apache Pulsar !6 Flexible Messaging + Streaming System backed by durable log storage
- 7. Apache Pulsar: Messaging + Storage
- 8. Apache Pulsar: Tenants, namespaces, topics !8 Apache Pulsar Cluster Product Safety ETL Fraud Detection Topic-1 Account History Topic-2 User Clustering Topic-1 Risk Classification Marketing Campaigns ETL Topic-1 Budgeted Spend Topic-2 Demographic Classification Topic-1 Location Resolution Data Serving Microservice Topic-1 Customer Authentication Tenants Namespaces
- 10. Apache Pulsar: Topic partitions !10 Topic - P0 Producers Consumers Time Topic - P1 Topic - P2
- 11. Apache Pulsar: Segments !11 Producers Consumers Time Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 P0 P1 P2
- 12. Apache Pulsar !12 Bookie Bookie Bookie Broker Broker Broker Producer Consumer • Layered Architecture • Independent Scalability • Fault Tolerance • Instant Scalability
- 13. Apache Pulsar: Segment-centric storage !13 • Logical Partition • Partition divided into Segments • Size-based & Time-based • Uniformly distributed across the cluster
- 14. • Broker is the only point of interaction for clients (producers and consumers) • Brokers acquire ownership of group of topics and “serve” them • Broker has no durable state • Provides service discovery mechanism for client to connect to right broker Apache Pulsar: Broker !14
- 16. Apache Pulsar: Broker failure recovery !16 • Topic is reassigned to an available broker based on load • Can reconstruct the previous state consistently • No data needs to be copied • Failover handled transparently by client library
- 17. Apache Pulsar: Bookie failure recovery !17 • After a write failure, BookKeeper will immediately switch write to a new bookie, within the same segment. • As long as we have any 3 bookies in the cluster, we can continue to write
- 18. Apache Pulsar: Bookie failure recovery !18 In background, starts a many-to- many recovery process to regain the configured replication factor
- 19. Apache Pulsar: Seamless cluster expansion !19 1234…20212223…40414243…60616263… Segment 1 Segment 3 Segment 2 Segment 2 Segment 1 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 3 Segment 2 Segment 1 Segment 4 Segment 4 Segment Y Segment Z Segment X
- 20. Apache Pulsar: Tiered storage !20 Low Cost Storage 1234…20212223…40414243…60616263… Segment 3 Segment 2Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 3 Segment 1 Segment 4 Segment 4
- 21. Partitions vs segments - why should you care? !21 Legacy Architectures ● Storage co-resident with processing ● Partition-centric ● Cumbersome to scale--data redistribution, performance impact Logical View Apache Pulsar ● Storage decoupled from processing ● Partitions stored as segments ● Flexible, easy scalability Partition Processing & Storage Segment 1 Segment 3Segment 2 Segment n Partition Broker Partition (primary) Broker Partition (copy) Broker Partition (copy) Broker Broker Broker Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment n . . . Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment n . . . Segment 3 Segment 1 Segment n . . . Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment n . . . Processing (brokers) Storage
- 22. • In Kafka, partitions are assigned to brokers “permanently” • A single partition is stored entirely in a single node • Retention is limited by a single node storage capacity • Failure recovery and capacity expansion require expensive “rebalancing” • Rebalancing has a big impact over the system, affecting regular traffic Partitions vs Segments: Why should you care? !22
- 25. Unified messaging model: Streaming !25 Pulsar topic/ partition Producer 2 Producer 1 Consumer 1 Consumer 2 Subscription A M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 X Exclusive
- 26. Unified messaging model: Streaming !26 Pulsar topic/ partition Producer 2 Producer 1 Consumer 1 Consumer 2 Subscription B M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 Failover In case of failure in consumer 1
- 27. Unified messaging model: Queuing !27 Pulsar topic/ partition Producer 2 Producer 1 Consumer 2 Consumer 3 Subscription C M4 M3 M2 M1 M0 Shared Traffic is equally distributed across consumers Consumer 1 M4M3 M2M1M0
- 28. Replication for disaster recovery !28 Topic (T1) Topic (T1) Topic (T1) Subscription (S1) Subscription (S1) Producer (P1) Consumer (C1) Producer (P3) Producer (P2) Consumer (C2) Data Center A Data Center B Data Center C Integrated in the broker message flow Simple configuration to add/remove regions Asynchronous (default) and synchronous replication
- 29. Apache Pulsar: Multi-tenancy !29 Apache Pulsar Cluster Product Safety ETL Fraud Detection Topic-1 Account History Topic-2 User Clustering Topic-1 Risk Classification MarketingCampaigns ETL Topic-1 Budgeted Spend Topic-2 Demographic Classification Topic-1 Location Resolution Data Serving Microservice Topic-1 Customer Authentication 10 TB 7 TB 5 TB • Authentication • Authorization • Software isolation • Storage quotas, flow control, back pressure, rate limiting • Hardware isolation • Constrain some tenants on a subset of brokers/bookies
- 30. Pulsar clients !30 Apache Pulsar Cluster Java Python Go C++ C
- 31. • Provides type safety to applications built on top of Pulsar • Two approaches • Client side - type safety enforcement up to the application • Server side - system enforces type safety and ensures that producers and consumers remain synced • Schema registry enables clients to upload data schemas on a topic basis. • Schemas dictate which data types are recognized as valid for that topic Schema registry !31
- 32. Compute
- 33. • Consume data as it is produced (pub/sub) • Heavy weight compute - continuous data processing (DAG Processing) • Light weight compute - transform and react to data as it arrives • Interactive query of stored streams How to process data modeled as streams !33
- 34. Significant set of processing tasks are exceedingly simple • Data transformations • Data classification • Data enrichment • Data routing • Data extraction and loading • Real time aggregation • Microservices Lessons learned: Use cases !34
- 35. Light weight compute !35 f(x) Incoming Messages Output Messages ABSTRACT VIEW OF COMPUTE REPRESENTATION
- 36. Applying insight gained from serverless • Simplest possible API function or procedure • Support for multi language • Use native API for each language • Scale developers • Use of message bus native concepts - input and output as topics • Flexible runtime - simple standalone applications vs managed system applications Stream native compute using functions !36
- 37. SDK-LESS API import java.util.function.Function; public class ExclamationFunction implements Function<String, String> { @Override public String apply(String input) { return input + "!"; } } Pulsar Functions !37
- 38. • ATMOST_ONCE • Message acked to Pulsar as soon as we receive it • ATLEAST_ONCE • Message acked to Pulsar after the function completes • Default behavior - don’t want people to loose data • EFFECTIVELY_ONCE • Uses Pulsar’s inbuilt effectively once semantics • Controlled at runtime by user Processing guarantees !38
- 39. Deploying functions: Broker !39 Broker 1 Worker Function wordcount-1 Function transform-2 Broker 1 Worker Function transform-1 Function dataroute-1 Broker 1 Worker Function wordcount-2 Function transform-3 Node 1 Node 2 Node 3
- 40. Deploying functions: Worker nodes !40 Worker Function wordcount-1 Function transform-2 Worker Function transform-1 Function dataroute-1 Worker Function wordcount-2 Function transform-3 Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Broker 1 Broker 2 Broker 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6
- 41. Deploying functions: Kubernetes !41 Function wordcount-1 Function transform-1 Function transform-3 Pod 1 Pod 2 Pod 3 Broker 1 Broker 2 Broker 3 Pod 7 Pod 8 Pod 9 Function dataroute-1 Function wordcount-2 Function transform-2 Pod 4 Pod 5 Pod 6
- 42. Interactive querying of streams: Pulsar SQL !42 1234…20212223…40414243…60616263… Segment 1 Segment 3 Segment 2 Segment 2 Segment 1 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 3 Segment 2 Segment 1 Segment 4 Segment 4 Segment Reader Segment Reader Segment Reader Segment Reader Coordina tor
- 43. Pulsar performance: Publish rate !43
- 45. Apache Pulsar VS. Apache Kafka !45 Multi-tenancy A single cluster can support many tenants and use cases Seamless Cluster Expansion Expand the cluster without any down time High throughput & Low Latency Can reach 1.8 M messages/s in a single partition and publish latency of 5ms at 99pct Durability Data replicated and synced to disk Geo-replication Out of box support for geographically distributed applications Unified messaging model Support both Topic & Queue semantic in a single model Tiered Storage Hot/warm data for real time access and cold event data in cheaper storage Pulsar Functions Flexible light weight compute Highly scalable Can support millions of topics, makes data modeling easier
- 46. Apache Pulsar VS. Apache Kafka !46 https://jack-vanlightly.com/sketches/2018/10/2/kafka-vs-pulsar-rebalancing-sketch Thanks to JACK VANLIGHTLY
- 47. Apache Pulsar: Tying solutions together !47 Tiered Storage Stream Storage AWS S3 Google Cloud Storage Azure Blob Storage HDFS BookKeeper Analytics Presto SQL Messaging Pulsar Brokers Event Processing Pulsar Functions Complex Stream Pulsar IO Cassandra Kinesis MySQL MongoDB Other Frameworks
- 48. • 4+ years • Serves 2.3 million topics • 500 billion messages/day • 400+ bookie nodes • 150+ broker nodes • Average latency < 5 ms • 99.9% 15 ms (strong durability guarantees) • Zero data loss • 150+ applications • Self served provisioning • Full-mesh cross-datacenter replication - 8+ data centers Apache Pulsar in production at scale !48
- 49. • Twitter: @apache_pulsar • Wechat Subscription: ApachePulsar • Mailing Lists [email protected], [email protected] • Slack https://apache-pulsar.slack.com • Localization https://crowdin.com/project/apache-pulsar • Github https://github.com/apache/pulsar https://github.com/apache/bookkeeper Apache Pulsar community !49
- 50. • Understanding How Pulsar Works https://jack-vanlightly.com/blog/2018/10/2/understanding-how-apache-pulsar-works • How To (Not) Lose Messages on Apache Pulsar Cluster https://jack-vanlightly.com/blog/2018/10/21/how-to-not-lose-messages-on-an-apache- pulsar-cluster More readings !50
- 51. • Unified queuing and streaming https://streaml.io/blog/pulsar-streaming-queuing • Segment centric storage https://streaml.io/blog/pulsar-segment-based-architecture • Messaging, Storage or Both https://streaml.io/blog/messaging-storage-or-both • Access patterns and tiered storage https://streaml.io/blog/access-patterns-and-tiered-storage-in-apache-pulsar • Tiered Storage in Apache Pulsar https://streaml.io/blog/tiered-storage-in-apache-pulsar More readings !51
- 52. Conclusion !52 ComputeMessaging Storage Apache Pulsar - Cloud Native
- 53. @karthikz