The document discusses different navigation concepts in APEX including APEX tabs, the APEX navigation tree, ExtJS navigation tree, and iframe tabs. APEX tabs provide a well-arranged menu overview but have static data and hard-coded configurations. The APEX navigation tree is dynamically created through table data but requires a page refresh with each click. The ExtJS navigation tree has enhanced graphical interfaces and functionality but is more complicated to integrate. Iframe tabs prevent full page reloads, saving traffic, and allow jumping between open pages using JavaScript.