APIGA Nepal 2024 by Shreedeep Rayamajhi.pdf

APIGA Nepal 2024 by Shreedeep Rayamajhi.pdf

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  1 Internet Governance andits Ecosystem in Nepal By Shreedeep Rayamajhi 30th August, 2024 Asia Pacific Internet Governance Academy Nepal
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  2 What is InternetGovernance(IG) ? INTERNET GOVERNANCE(IG) is a value based PUBLIC POLICY PROCESS that focuses on BOTTOM’S UP APPROACH of MULTISTAKEHOLDERISM PRACTICE creating a better opportunity for COLLABORATION, COMMUNICATION and COOPERATION
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  3 Definition of InternetGovernance “Internet governance refers to the shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures, and programmes that shape the evolution and use of the Internet. Governments, the private sector, and civil society each contribute to developing these principles, rules, and processes, in their respective roles. (WGIG, 2015).” Diplo Foundation “Internet Governance remains a balance of complex forces. Ensuring a healthy, collaborative ecosystem is critical to successful IG efforts long-term. ICANN performs a small but important role in this system with respect to the Internet's system of unique identifiers.” ICANN
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  4 Definition of InternetGovernance “Internet governance refers to how the Internet is managed. The way in which the Internet is governed impacts how we use it and how it evolves. The Internet’s success is rooted in how it was built and able to grow: an open platform for innovation and sharing of ideas. This openness has defined the Internet from the outset and has enabled it to become a strong tool for positive change.” Internet Society “Internet governance is the complementary development and application by governments, the private sector, civil society and the technical community, in their respective roles, of shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures, and activities that shape the evolution and use of the Internet. For UNESCO, Internet Governance is a central issue because of Internet’s potential to foster sustainable human development and the building of inclusive knowledge societies, and enhancing the free flow of information and ideas throughout the world.” UNESCO
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  5 Multistakeholderism: This involvesthe participation of various stakeholders, including governments, the private sector, civil society, and the technical community, in shaping internet policies and practices. Openness: The internet should be open and accessible to everyone, without discrimination based on geography, language, or economic status. Global nature: The internet is a global resource that should be governed through international cooperation and collaboration. Trust: Building and maintaining trust among stakeholders is essential for effective internet governance. Innovation: The internet should be a platform for innovation and creativity, fostering economic growth and development. Respect for human rights: Internet governance should respect fundamental human rights, including freedom of expression, privacy, and access to information. Sustainability: Internet governance should be sustainable, ensuring that the internet can continue to evolve and meet the needs of future generations. Core Values of Internet Governance
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  6 Stakeholder of InternetGovernance Innovation and Research Business Side Rights and Policy based Education Sector Private Sector Government sector Entrepreneur Technical sector Civil Society / User Legal Practioners
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  7 ● ●
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  8 Challenges of MultistakeholderApproach ● ● https://online.fliphtml5.com/gnel/tnkj/#p=15
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  9 Nepal’s Internet Ecosystem
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  10 Nepal’s Internet EcosystemStatus Infrastructure and Connectivity ● Expanding Broadband Networks: The country has been investing in expanding its broadband infrastructure, with a focus on fiber-to-the- home (FTTH) connections. ● Mobile Penetration: Mobile internet has been a major driver of internet access, with high penetration rates among the population. ● Challenges: Nepal's mountainous terrain and remote areas present challenges for infrastructure development, leading to disparities in internet access across different regions.
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  11 Digital Services andE-commerce ● Growing E-commerce Market: E-commerce has been gaining traction in Nepal, with various online platforms offering a range of products and services. ● Digital Payments: Mobile payments and digital wallets have become increasingly popular, facilitating online transactions. ● Challenges: Limited trust in online transactions and infrastructure constraints can hinder the growth of the e-commerce sector
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  12 E-Governance Initiatives ● National IdentityCard: The government has implemented a national identity card system, providing citizens with a unique identifier for various government services. ● Online Service Delivery: Many government services, including tax payments, land registration, and passport applications, can now be accessed online. ● Digital Payment Systems: Nepal has adopted digital payment solutions, such as mobile wallets and QR codes, to facilitate transactions and reduce reliance on cash. ● E-Procurement: The government has implemented e-procurement systems to streamline the procurement process and enhance transparency.
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  13 Internet Governance andRegulation ● National Cybersecurity Policy: Nepal has implemented a national cybersecurity policy to protect its digital infrastructure and data. ● Telecommunications Authority: The Nepal Telecommunications Authority (NTA) regulates the telecommunications sector, including internet services. Challenges: The regulatory framework is still evolving, and there is a need of MULTISTAKEHOLDER APPROACH for more robust policies to address issues like net neutrality and online content regulation.
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  14 Digital Services andE-commerce ● Growing E-commerce Market: E-commerce has been gaining traction in Nepal, with various online platforms offering a range of products and services. ● Digital Payments: Mobile payments and digital wallets have become increasingly popular, facilitating online transactions. ● Challenges: Limited trust in online transactions and infrastructure constraints can hinder the growth of the e-commerce sector.
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  15 Challenges and Opportunities: ● DigitalDivide: Despite progress, there is still a digital divide between urban and rural areas, with limited access to internet and digital services in remote regions. ● Infrastructure Constraints: Challenges in infrastructure development, such as power outages and limited connectivity, can hinder the effective implementation of e-governance initiatives. ● Cybersecurity Threats: Increasingly sophisticated cyber threats pose a challenge to Nepal's digital infrastructure and data security. ● Awareness and Capacity building: ????? Opportunities: E-governance offers opportunities to improve service delivery, enhance transparency, and promote economic development.
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  16 QUESTIONS