APIs and the Semantic Web: publishing information instead of data
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The document discusses the integration of APIs with the Semantic Web, emphasizing the need for structured data to enhance data discovery and relationships. It advocates for 'five-star' data practices to improve access and interlinking of datasets, promoting the idea of publishing information rather than mere data. The author, Dimitri van Hees, highlights the importance of user-friendly APIs and open data ecosystems to facilitate this integration.
![JSON
{
"id": 43274,
"name": "Dimitri van Hees",
“geslacht": "m",
"birthDate": "1984-03-14",
"birthPlace": "Nijmegen",
"facebookLikes": [
69116329538,
272002449634285,
114690771875816
]
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/endpointld-150908114326-lva1-app6891/85/APIs-and-the-Semantic-Web-publishing-information-instead-of-data-56-320.jpg)
![JSON-LD
{
"id": "http://example.com/customers/43274",
"type": "schema:Person",
"name": "Dimitri van Hees",
“geslacht": "m",
"birthDate": "1984-03-14",
"birthPlace": {
"id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nijmegen", "type": "schema:City"
},
"facebookLikes": [
{ "id": "http://graph.facebook.com/69116329538", "type": "schema:MusicGroup“ },
{ "id": "http://graph.facebook.com/272002449634285", "type": "schema:TVSeries“ },
{ "id": "http://graph.facebook.com/114690771875816", "type": "schema:City“ }
]
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/endpointld-150908114326-lva1-app6891/85/APIs-and-the-Semantic-Web-publishing-information-instead-of-data-59-320.jpg)
![JSON-LD
{
"id": "http://example.com/customers/43274",
"type": "schema:Person",
"name": "Dimitri van Hees",
“geslacht": "m",
"birthDate": "1984-03-14",
"birthPlace": {
"id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nijmegen", "type": "schema:City"
},
"facebookLikes": [
{ "id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Beatles", "type": "schema:MusicGroup“ },
{ "id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Monty_Python", "type": "schema:TVSeries“ },
{ "id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nijmegen", "type": "schema:City“ }
]
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/endpointld-150908114326-lva1-app6891/85/APIs-and-the-Semantic-Web-publishing-information-instead-of-data-61-320.jpg)
APIs and the Semantic Web: publishing information instead of data
- 1. APIs and the Semantic Web Publishing information instead of data
- 2. About me • Data Specialist • API First fanatic • Co-Founder Apiwise • Ex-Freshheads • PostcodeAPI.nu • Apiranto Docs
- 3. About me “The only bad thing about API is that it’s the inverse of IPA”
- 4. About me • Brewmaster • MQTT API driven brewery “De Brouwtoren” • Crowdfunding starting next week (hint!)
- 5. 0641011744 • Registration number • Flight number • Bank account • Mobile phone number
- 6. 641.011.744 Remember phone numbers and Excel?
- 7. “0641011744” Now it’s a meaningless string!
- 9. Semantics • Context • Meaning • Vocabularies & Ontologies
- 10. Vocabularies • Schema.org • FOAF (Friend-Of-A-Friend): VCard • XSD (XML Schema Definition Language)
- 11. Linked Data • Alias The Semantic Web, Web 3.0 • Defines what data means • Queries across multiple datasets • Provides links to external resources
- 20. URIs Subject Predicate Object dimitrivanhees.com schema.org/worksFor apiwise.nl dimitrivanhees.com schema.org/attends endpointcon.com endpointcon.com schema.org/location dbpedia.org/Amsterdam* apiwise.nl schema.org/foundingLocation dbpedia.org/Tilburg dbpedia.org/Tilburg dbpedia.org/ontology/country dbpedia.org/Netherlands dbpedia.org/Amsterdam dbpedia.org/ontology/capital dbpedia.org/Netherlands *Real DBPedia URL: http://dbpedia.org/resource/Amsterdam
- 21. DBPedia.org • Wikipedia as a Linked Open Dataset • http://dbpedia.org/resource/Amsterdam
- 22. Bank Account Name CoC Contact Address PC City Balance 54.31.23.650 Apiwise 62956787 D. van Hees Kronenburgersingel 49 6511AL Nijmegen € 100 Cadastre (Land Register) Number Street Number Postcode Place Value Surface Function 12345 Kronenburgersingel 49 6511AL Nijmegen € 100.000 65m² Living Chamber of Commerce Number Official name Type Founded Address 62956787 Apiwise V.O.F. V.O.F. 2015/04/01 Kronenburgersingel 49, 6511AL, Nijmegen Linking datasets
- 23. Bank Account Name CoC Contact Address PC City Balance 54.31.23.650 Apiwise 62956787 D. van Hees Kronenburgersingel 49 6511AL Nijmegen € 100 Chamber of Commerce Number Official name Type Founded Address 62956787 Apiwise V.O.F. V.O.F. 2015/04/01 Kronenburgersingel 49, 6511AL, Nijmegen Linking datasets Cadastre (Land Register) Number Street Number Postcode Place Value Surface Function 12345 Kronenburgersingel 49 6511AL Nijmegen € 100.000 65m² Living
- 24. Bank Account CoC Contact Balance 54.31.23.650 62956787 D. van Hees € 100 Chamber of Commerce Number Official name Type Founded Cadastre 62956787 Apiwise V.O.F. V.O.F. 2015/04/01 12345 Linking datasets Cadastre (Land Register) Number Street Number Postcode Place Value Surface Function 12345 Kronenburgersingel 49 6511AL Nijmegen € 100.000 65m² Living
- 25. Bank Contact CoC LinkedIn Facebook D. van Hees 62956787 dimitrivanhees dvanhees CoC Number Cadastre 62956787 12345 20106830 67890 Cadastre Street Place Kronenburgersingel Nijmegen Wilhelminapark Tilburg Facebook Residence Places Sports Nijmegen Tilburg Football LinkedIn Company Birthplace School Apiwise, Freshheads Nijmegen Tilburg University
- 26. Bank Contact CoC LinkedIn Facebook D. van Hees 62956787 dimitrivanhees dvanhees CoC Number Cadastre 62956787 12345 20106830 67890 Cadastre Street Place Kronenburgersingel Nijmegen Wilhelminapark Tilburg Facebook Residence Places Sports Nijmegen Tilburg Football LinkedIn Company Birthplace School Apiwise, Freshheads Nijmegen Tilburg University Open Data Location Province Avg. income Inhabitants Nijmegen Gelderland € 12.600 168.840 Tilburg Noord-Brabant € 13.900 191.275 Open Data Location Founded Rector Tilburg 1927 P. Eijlander Open Data Category Type Ball sport Team
- 27. Query for people who: • Live in a city with more than 170.000 inhabitants • Like team sports and went to a school that was founded before 1930 • Are connected to a V.O.F. company from Gelderland with a negative balance • Like ball games and own an office larger than 150m² in a place where the average value is less than € 200.000
- 28. “Linked Data makes it possible to get new insights in data which were technically impossible in the past. It’s up to marketing people to come up with challenging queries.”
- 29. “That’s awesome!” But… I want APIs…
- 30. Five stars of Sir Tim Berners-Lee
- 31. ★ “Make your stuff available on the Web (whatever format) under an open license”
- 32. ★ ★ “Make it available as structured data (e.g., Excel instead of image scan of a table)”
- 33. ★ ★ ★ “Use non-proprietary formats (e.g., CSV instead of Excel)”
- 34. ★ ★ ★ ★ “Use URIs to denote things, so that people can point at your stuff (RDF)”
- 35. ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ “Link your data to other data to provide context (Linked Data)”
- 36. Data landscape • Data consumers • Data publishers • Open Data community • API community • Linked Data community
- 37. Data consumers • Provide us the developer-friendliest way to access your data and we MIGHT use it
- 38. Data publishers • HOW should we publish our data? • What are the COSTS of doing it that way? • What are the BENEFITS of doing it that way?
- 39. Open Data community • We don’t care HOW the data is published • We only care IF the data is open
- 40. API community • Every publisher SHOULD provide RESTful JSON APIs • Because every consumer KNOWS RESTful JSON APIs • We DON’T believe in Linked Data
- 41. Linked Data community • Every publisher SHOULD provide five star data • Every consumer SHOULD learn SPARQL* • So we DON’T need APIs *Linked Data query language
- 42. SPARQL And RDF Query Language ?S ?O?P
- 43. All Endpoint attendees ?S Endpointattends
- 44. All events I(’ve) attend(ed) Dimitri ?Oattends
- 45. Basic SPARQL Query PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> PREFIX type: <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/> PREFIX prop: <http://dbpedia.org/property/> SELECT ?country_name ?population WHERE { ?country a type:LandlockedCountries ; rdfs:label ?country_name ; prop:populationEstimate ?population . FILTER (?population > 15000000) . }
- 46. WTF is SPARQL?
- 47. Benefits According to EU studies the amount of apps being developed with Linked Open Government Data is negligible. https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/85/31 /25/Study_on_business_models_for_Linked_Open_ Government_Data_BM4LOGD_v1.00.pdf
- 48. Costs • Knowledge investment (unknown technology) • Technical investment (hosting infrastructure) • Time investment (change management) • Low ROI
- 49. “The quality of many datasets is AT MOST three stars”
- 50. Five stars of Sir Tim Berners-Lee
- 51. Six stars of Dimitri van Hees
- 52. ★ ★ ★ ★ “Provide online access via webservices so developers can use your stuff the way they are used to (RESTful JSON API)”
- 53. ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ “Add context to your API so it can be linked to other datasets, developers know what the data means and LD guys can convert it to triples, store it in triplestores and use SPARQL if they want to (JSON-LD)”
- 54. ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
- 56. JSON { "id": 43274, "name": "Dimitri van Hees", “geslacht": "m", "birthDate": "1984-03-14", "birthPlace": "Nijmegen", "facebookLikes": [ 69116329538, 272002449634285, 114690771875816 ] }
- 57. JSON-LD Context "@context“: { "id": "@id", "name": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name", “geslacht": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/gender", "birthDate": "http://schema.org/birthDate", "birthPlace": "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/birthPlace", "facebookLike": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/interest" }
- 58. JSON-LD Context "@context": { "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "schema": "http://schema.org/", "dbo": "http://dbpedia.org/ontology/", "id": "@id", "name": "foaf:name", “geslacht": "foaf:gender", "birthDate": "schema:birthDate", "birthPlace": "dbo:birthPlace", "facebookLikes": "foaf:interest" }
- 59. JSON-LD { "id": "http://example.com/customers/43274", "type": "schema:Person", "name": "Dimitri van Hees", “geslacht": "m", "birthDate": "1984-03-14", "birthPlace": { "id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nijmegen", "type": "schema:City" }, "facebookLikes": [ { "id": "http://graph.facebook.com/69116329538", "type": "schema:MusicGroup“ }, { "id": "http://graph.facebook.com/272002449634285", "type": "schema:TVSeries“ }, { "id": "http://graph.facebook.com/114690771875816", "type": "schema:City“ } ] }
- 60. Mapping through semantic APIs API Den Haag The Hague ‘s-Gravenhage http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Hague
- 61. JSON-LD { "id": "http://example.com/customers/43274", "type": "schema:Person", "name": "Dimitri van Hees", “geslacht": "m", "birthDate": "1984-03-14", "birthPlace": { "id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nijmegen", "type": "schema:City" }, "facebookLikes": [ { "id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Beatles", "type": "schema:MusicGroup“ }, { "id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Monty_Python", "type": "schema:TVSeries“ }, { "id": "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nijmegen", "type": "schema:City“ } ] }
- 62. JsonLd2RDF() And there’s your Linked Data!
- 63. Step 1: JSON support
- 64. Step 2: JSON-LD support
- 65. Step 3: Triples support
- 66. Triplestore: Allegrograph • Database for triples • Free up to 5.000.000 triples • SPARQL 1.1 support • REST API • Local installation (privacy)
- 68. ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
- 69. One more thing! It gets even better…
- 70. Data Information Property Value id AB-01-CD type ? brand AUDI kleur ROOD A?2JKs=- 1932 application/json Property Value id rdw.nl/AB-01-CD rdf:type schema.org/Car schema.org/brand dbpedia.org/Audi schema.org/color dbpedia.org/Red dbpedia.org/foundingYear 1932 application/ld+json
- 71. Structured Data
- 72. Gmail
- 74. Separation of concerns • It’s all about conversion • A website is just another representation of information • People WILL skip the restaurant’s website if they’re hungry and can get food by just yelling HUNGRY at their mobile phone • Publish information instead of data!
- 75. “The Semantic Web does exist and goes hand in hand with APIs. Using six stars instead of five, APIs are part of the deployment scheme while making live easier for both data publishers and consumers. Let’s bridge the gap, bring the best of both worlds, and let’s change the web together by publishing information instead of data.”
- 76. Thank you! • Twitter: @dvh • E-mail: [email protected] • LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/dimitrivanhees • GitHub: github.com/dvh • PostcodeAPI: github.com/apiwise/postcodeapi • Apiranto: github.com/apiwise/apiranto
- 77. Thank you! • Twitter: @dvh • E-mail: [email protected] • LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/dimitrivanhees • GitHub: github.com/dvh • PostcodeAPI: github.com/apiwise/postcodeapi • Apiranto: github.com/apiwise/apiranto • Brewery: www.brouwtoren.nlAd