Arduino based heartbeat monitoring system.

v
Micro Project
ArDUiNo BASeD HeArtBeAt MoNitoriNG
SYSteM
An additional experiment to satisfy P.O. &
P.E.O. of CSE dept.
Communication Engg & Coding Theory
RCC Institute of Information Technology

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A Micro Project
oN
ArDUiNo BASeD HeArtBeAt MoNitoriNG
SYSteM.
An additional experiment to satisfy P.O. & P.E.O. of CSE dept.
Communication Engineering & Coding Theory (CS401)
Submitted to
Parama Bagchi
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Technology
Submitted By
Arkadeep Dey (CSE2015/030)
Kaustav Mondal (CSE2015/016)
Portret Mallick (CSE2015/012)
Department of Computer Science and Technology

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGE NO.
I. GROUP DETAILS 03
II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 04
III. ABSTRACT 05
IV. INTRODUCTION 06
V. THE BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT 07
VI. HARDWARES USED 07
VII. ARDUINO UNO 08
VIII. DIFFERENT PARTS OF ARDUINO UNO 09
IX. PULSE SENSOR 10
X. LCD DISPLAY 11
XI. SOFTWARES USED 12
XII. CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC 13
XIII. PROCIDURE 14
XIV. ARDINO CODE 15
XV. PHOTO OF THE PROJECT 21
XVI. CONCLUTION 22
XVII. RESOURSE 22
I. GROUP DETAILS

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LEADER
 ARKADEEP DEY
 ROLL NO : CSE2015/030
 UNIVERCITY ROLL NO. : 11700115017
 YEAR:2ND
YEAR (4TH
SEMESTER)
MEMBERS
 Kaustav Moldal
 ROLL NO : CSE2015/016
 YEAR:2ND
YEAR (4TH
SEMESTER)
 Portret Mallick
 ROLL NO : CSE2015/012
 YEAR:2ND
YEAR (4TH
SEMESTER)
Paper: Communication Engineering & Coding Theory
Paper Code: CS401

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II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In performing our assignment, we had to take the help
and guideline of some respected persons, who deserve our
greatest gratitude. The completion of this assignment gives us
much Pleasure. We would like to show our gratitude Parama
Bagchi, Assistant Professor, The Department of Computer
Science and Technology, RCC Institute of Information
Technology for giving us a good guideline for assignment
throughout numerous consultations. We would also like to
expand our deepest gratitude to all those who have directly and
indirectly guided us in writing this assignment.
In addition, a thank you to Mr. Dipankar Khorat, who introduced
us to the Methodology of work, and whose passion for the
“underlying structures” had lasting effect .
Many people, especially our classmates and team members itself,
have made valuable comment suggestions on this proposal which
gave us an inspiration to improve our assignment. We thank all
the people for their help directly and indirectly to complete our
assignment.

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III.ABSTRACT
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and
maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as
monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly
related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the
number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological
conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks,
drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be
measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic
expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular
contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery
is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate
through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of
photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the
variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the
heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes
the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood
can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the
fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial
port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring
and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-
diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the
fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries.
The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity
of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every
time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be
detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the
amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.

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IV.INTRODUCTION
A heart rate monitor is a personal monitoring device that allows a subject to
measure their heart rate in real time or record their heart rate for later study. Early
models consisted of a monitoring box with a set of electrode leads that attached
to the chest. The heart rate of a healthy adult at rest is around 72 beats per minute
(bpm) & Babies at around 120 bpm, while older children have heart rates at around
90 bpm. The heart rate rises gradually during exercises and returns slowly to the
rest value after exercise. The rate when the pulse returns to normal is an indication
of the fitness of the person. Lower than normal heart rates are usually an
indication of a condition known as bradycardia, while higher is known as
tachycardia. Heart rate is simply measured by placing the thumb over the subject’s
arterial pulsation, and feeling, timing and counting the pulses usually in a 30
second period. Heart rate (bpm) of the subject is then found by multiplying the
obtained number by 2. This method although simple, is not accurate and can give
errors when the rate is high. More sophisticated methods to measure the heart
rate utilize electronic techniques. Electro-cardiogram (ECG) is one of frequently
used method for measuring the heart rate. But it is an expensive device. Low-cost
devices in the form of wrist watches are also available for the instantaneous
measurement of the heart rate. Such devices can give accurate measurements but
their cost is usually in excess of several hundred dollars, making them
uneconomical. So this heart rate monitor with a temperature sensor is definitely a
useful instrument in knowing the pulse and the temperature of the subject or the
patient.
 Significance of Heart :
The heart acts as a pump that circulates oxygen and nutrient carrying blood
around the body in order to keep it functioning. When the body is exerted the rate
at which the heart beats will vary proportional to the amount of effort being
exerted. By detecting the voltage created by the beating of the heart, its rate can
be easily observed and used for a number of health purposes. Heart pounds to
pump oxygen-rich blood to your muscles and to carry cell waste products away
from your muscles. The heart rate gives a good indication during exercise routines
of how effective that routine is improving your health.

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V. THE BENEFITS OF THE
PROJECT
 Why Monitoring……?
More than 2 million people are at high risk of having heart attack.
It would be helpful if there was a way for these people to monitor their heart.
So we have a problem. That is the way our project focuses on how we can utilize this problem
and find a solution.
VI. HARDWARES USED
 Arduino Uno
 Pulse sensor
 LCD display(16x2)
 Bread Board
 10k potentiometer
 1k resistors
 220 ohm resistors
 Wi-Fi module ESP8266
 LED
 Connecting wires
 Power adopter

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VII. ARDUINO UNO
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P . It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP(In Circuit Serial
Programmer) header and a reset button.
Features:
• ATmega328 microcontroller
• Input voltage - 7-12V
• 14 Digital I/O Pins (6 PWM outputs)
• 6 Analog Inputs
• 32k Flash Memory
• 16Mhz Clock Speed
• SRAM 2 KB
• EEPROM 1KB
Operating Voltage 5V

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VIII. DIFFERENT PARTS OF ARDUINO
UNO
 Power (USB / Barrel Jack)
 Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)
 Reset Button
 Power LED Indicator
 TX RX LEDs
 Main IC
 Voltage Regulator

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IX. Pulse Sensor
The Pulse Sensor Amped is a plug-and-play heart-rate sensor for Arduino. It can
be used by students, artists, athletes, makers, and game & mobile developers
who want to easily incorporate live heart-rate data into their projects. It
essentially combines a simple optical heart rate sensor with amplification and
noise cancellation circuitry making it fast and easy to get reliable pulse readings.
Also, it sips power with just 4mA current draw at 5V so it’s great for mobile
applications.
Simply clip the Pulse Sensor to your earlobe or fingertip and plug it into your
3 or 5 Volt Arduino and you’re ready to read heart rate! The 24" cable on the
Pulse Sensor is terminated with standard male headers so there’s no soldering
required. Of course Arduino example code is available as well as a Processing
sketch for visualizing heart rate data.
Dimensions: 0.625" Diameter and 0.125" Thick

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X. LCD DISPLAY
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide
range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred
over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are
economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special &
even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on.
A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines.
In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two
registers, namely, Command and Data.
The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A
command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,
clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data
register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of
the character to be displayed on the LCD.

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XI.SOFTWARES USED
1. Arduino IDE

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XII. CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC

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XIII. CONNECTION PROCEDURE
Connect the Pulse Sensor with the Arduino. The connections of the pulse sensor are
very easy. Pulse sensor has three pins. Connect 5V and the ground pin of the pulse sensor
to the 5V and the ground of the Arduino and the signal pin to the A0 of Arduino.
Then connect the LED to pin 13 of Arduino. You do not have to connect a resistor with
because the Arduino has built in resistor at pin 13.
In last, we will connect LCD with the Arduino. The connections of the LCD are as follows
 Connect pin 1 (VEE) to the ground.
 Connect pin 2 (VDD or VCC) to the 5V.
 Connect pin 3 (V0) to the middle pin of the 10K potentiometer and connect the other two
ends of the potentiometer to the VCC and the GND. The potentiometer is used to control
the screen contrast of the LCD. Potentiometer of values other than 10K will work too.
 Connect pin 4 (RS) to the pin 12 of the Arduino.
 Connect pin 5 (Read/Write) to the ground of Arduino. This pin is not often used so we will
connect it to the ground.
 Connect pin 6 (E) to the pin 11 of the Arduino. The RS and E pin are the control pins which
are used to send data and characters.
 The following four pins are data pins which are used to communicate with the Arduino.
Connect pin 11 (D4) to pin 5 of Arduino.
 Connect pin 15 to the VCC through the 220 ohm resistor. The resistor will be used to set
the back light brightness. Larger values will make the back light much more darker.
 Connect pin 16 to the Ground.

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XIV. ARDUINO CODE
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#define DEBUG true
SoftwareSerial esp8266(9,10);
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,5,4,3,2);
#define SSID "AI-THINKER_F92AB1" // "SSID-WiFiname"
#define PASS "1234" // "password"
#define IP "184.106.153.149"// thingspeak.com ip
String msg = "GET /update?key=M0JALXHJER8GKEKV"; //change it with your api key like "GET
/update?key=Your Api Key"
//Variables
float temp;
int hum;
String tempC;
int error;
int pulsePin = 0; // Pulse Sensor purple wire connected to analog pin 0
int blinkPin = 13; // pin to blink led at each beat
int fadePin = 5;
int fadeRate = 0;
// Volatile Variables, used in the interrupt service routine!
volatile int BPM; // int that holds raw Analog in 0. updated every 2mS
volatile int Signal; // holds the incoming raw data
volatile int IBI = 600; // int that holds the time interval between beats! Must be seeded!
volatile boolean Pulse = false; // "True" when heartbeat is detected. "False" when not a "live beat".
volatile boolean QS = false; // becomes true when Arduino finds a beat.
// Regards Serial OutPut -- Set This Up to your needs
static boolean serialVisual = true; // Set to 'false' by Default. Re-set to 'true' to see Arduino Serial
Monitor ASCII Visual Pulse
volatile int rate[10]; // array to hold last ten IBI values
volatile unsigned long sampleCounter = 0; // used to determine pulse timing
volatile unsigned long lastBeatTime = 0; // used to find IBI
volatile int P =512; // used to find peak in pulse wave, seeded
volatile int T = 512; // used to find trough in pulse wave, seeded
volatile int thresh = 525; // used to find instant moment of heart beat, seeded

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volatile int amp = 100; // used to hold amplitude of pulse waveform, seeded
volatile boolean firstBeat = true; // used to seed rate array so we startup with reasonable BPM
volatile boolean secondBeat = false; // used to seed rate array so we startup with reasonable BPM
void setup()
{
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.print("Comm. Engg. Lab");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Microproject");
delay(1000);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Group Members. . .");
delay(6000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Arkadeep Dey ");
delay(6000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Kaustav Mondal ");
delay(6000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Portrait Mollick ");
delay(600);
Serial.begin(9600); //or use default 115200.
esp8266.begin(9600);
Serial.println("AT");
esp8266.println("AT");
delay(5000);
if(esp8266.find("Ok")){
connectWiFi();
}
interruptSetup();
}
void loop(){
lcd.clear();
start: //label
error=0;
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("BPM = ");

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delay(1000);
delay (60000);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
loop();
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // set the cursor to column 0, line 2
delay(1000);
updatebeat();
//Resend if transmission is not completed
if (error==1){
goto start; //go to label "start"
}
delay(1000);
}
void updatebeat(){
String cmd = "AT+CIPSTART="TCP","";
cmd += IP;
cmd += "",80";
Serial.println(cmd);
esp8266.println(cmd);
delay(2000);
if(esp8266.find("Error")){
return;
}
cmd = msg ;
cmd += "&field1=";
cmd += BPM;
cmd += "rn";
Serial.print("AT+CIPSEND=");
esp8266.print("AT+CIPSEND=");
Serial.println(cmd.length());
esp8266.println(cmd.length());
if(esp8266.find(">")){
Serial.print(cmd);
esp8266.print(cmd);
}
else{
Serial.println("AT+CIPCLOSE");

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esp8266.println("AT+CIPCLOSE");
//Resend...
error=1;
}
}
boolean connectWiFi(){
Serial.println("AT+CWMODE=1");
esp8266.println("AT+CWMODE=1");
delay(2000);
String cmd="AT+CWJAP="";
cmd+=SSID;
cmd+="","";
cmd+=PASS;
cmd+=""";
Serial.println(cmd);
esp8266.println(cmd);
delay(5000);
if(esp8266.find("OK")){
Serial.println("OK");
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
void interruptSetup(){
TCCR2A = 0x02; // DISABLE PWM ON DIGITAL PINS 3 AND 11, AND GO INTO CTC MODE
TCCR2B = 0x06; // DON'T FORCE COMPARE, 256 PRESCALER
OCR2A = 0X7C; // SET THE TOP OF THE COUNT TO 124 FOR 500Hz SAMPLE RATE
TIMSK2 = 0x02; // ENABLE INTERRUPT ON MATCH BETWEEN TIMER2 AND OCR2A
sei(); // MAKE SURE GLOBAL INTERRUPTS ARE ENABLED
}
ISR(TIMER2_COMPA_vect){ // triggered when Timer2 counts to 124
cli(); // disable interrupts while we do this
Signal = analogRead(pulsePin); // read the Pulse Sensor
sampleCounter += 2; // keep track of the time in mS
int N = sampleCounter - lastBeatTime; // monitor the time since the last beat to avoid noise
// find the peak and trough of the pulse wave

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if(Signal < thresh && N > (IBI/5)*3){ // avoid dichrotic noise by waiting 3/5 of last IBI
if (Signal < T){ // T is the trough
T = Signal; // keep track of lowest point in pulse wave
}
}
if(Signal > thresh && Signal > P){ // thresh condition helps avoid noise
P = Signal; // P is the peak
} // keep track of highest point in pulse wave
// NOW IT'S TIME TO LOOK FOR THE HEART BEAT
// signal surges up in value every time there is a pulse
if (N > 250){ // avoid high frequency noise
if ( (Signal > thresh) && (Pulse == false) && (N > (IBI/5)*3) ){
Pulse = true; // set the Pulse flag when there is a pulse
digitalWrite(blinkPin,HIGH); // turn on pin 13 LED
IBI = sampleCounter - lastBeatTime; // time between beats in mS
lastBeatTime = sampleCounter; // keep track of time for next pulse
if(secondBeat){ // if this is the second beat
secondBeat = false; // clear secondBeat flag
for(int i=0; i<=9; i++){ // seed the running total to get a realistic BPM at startup
rate[i] = IBI;
}
}
if(firstBeat){ // if it's the first time beat is found
firstBeat = false; // clear firstBeat flag
secondBeat = true; // set the second beat flag
sei(); // enable interrupts again
return; // IBI value is unreliable so discard it
}
word runningTotal = 0; // clear the runningTotal variable
for(int i=0; i<=8; i++){ // shift data in the rate array
rate[i] = rate[i+1]; // and drop the oldest IBI value
runningTotal += rate[i]; // add up the 9 oldest IBI values
}
rate[9] = IBI; // add the latest IBI to the rate array
runningTotal += rate[9]; // add the latest IBI to runningTotal

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runningTotal /= 10; // average the last 10 IBI values
BPM = 60000/runningTotal; // how many beats can fit into a minute? that's BPM!
QS = true; // set Quantified Self flag
// QS FLAG IS NOT CLEARED INSIDE THIS ISR
}
}
if (Signal < thresh && Pulse == true){ // when the values are going down, the beat is over
digitalWrite(blinkPin,LOW); // turn off pin 13 LED
Pulse = false; // reset the Pulse flag so we can do it again
amp = P - T; // get amplitude of the pulse wave
thresh = amp/2 + T; // set thresh at 50% of the amplitude
P = thresh; // reset these for next time
T = thresh;
}
if (N > 2500){ // if 2.5 seconds go by without a beat
thresh = 512; // set thresh default
P = 512; // set P default
T = 512; // set T default
lastBeatTime = sampleCounter; // bring the lastBeatTime up to date
firstBeat = true; // set these to avoid noise
secondBeat = false; // when we get the heartbeat back
}
sei();
// enable interrupts when youre done!
}// end isr

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XV. PHOTO OF THE PROJECT

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XVI.Conclusion
 In the above mentioned system we have proposed a health monitoring system which
is Arduino based.
 User friendly and bridges gap between doctor and patients.
 The system is simple, Power efficient.
 Practical application of the system is superfine in rural areas as there would be no
need for the patients to get their continuous follow-ups.
XVII. RESOURCES
I. www.arduino.cc
II. https://circuitdigest.com
III. www.wikipedia.org
IV. www.instructables.com
V. www.electronicshub.org
VI. www.hackster.io

Arduino based heartbeat monitoring system.

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