Artificial intelligence
Download as PPTX, PDF3 likes3,227 views
Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science dealing with intelligent machines. There are two main methods of AI: symbolic AI which focuses on knowledge-based systems, and computational intelligence which includes neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary computing. Important early pioneers of AI included John McCarthy, Alan Turing, and researchers at Stanford. AI is being applied in many areas including cars, banking, phones, the internet, medicine, games, military, and more. While predicting the future is difficult, gradual advances will continue and AI may match human level intelligence in the coming decades, though jobs and work will continue to be impacted by intelligent technologies.
Artificial intelligence
- 2. i. MD Azharul Islam Tazib 153-15-6683 ii. Rabeya Kamal Surovi 153-15-6578 iii. A.M. Zakir Hossain 153-15-6694 iv. MD Hasnaul Hossain Hridoy 153-15-6682 v. Shakil Ahammed 153-15-6580
- 3. INTRODUCTION • Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) is the branch of computer science which deals with intelligence of machines where an intelligent agent is a system that takes actions which maximize its chances of success. It is the study of ideas which enable computers to do the things that make people seem intelligent. The central principles of AI include such as reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects. It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs .
- 4. METHODS AI methods can be divided into two broad categories: A. Symbolic AI , which focuses on the development of knowledge-based systems (KBS); and B. Computational intelligence , which includes such methods as neural networks (NN), fuzzy systems (FS), and evolutionary computing.
- 8. HISTORY OF AI The modern history of AI be traced back to the year 1956 John McCarthy proposed the AI as the topic for a conference at Dartmouth College.
- 9. HISTORY OF AI Important people of early study of AI John McCarthy • Professor of Computer Science at Stanford University • Coined the term Artificial Intelligence in 1955 • His research area has been the formalization of common sense knowledge
- 10. HISTORY OF AI Important people of early study of AI Alan Turing • Father of modern computer science • Concept of the algorithm • In mathematics, an algorithm is a definite list of well • Defined instructions for completing a task that will proceed through a series of consecutive
- 11. HISTORY OF AI Early Robotics with AI • 1969: Shakey, a robot, combines locomotion, perception and problem solving • 1979: The first computer-controlled autonomous vehicle, the Stanford Cart, is built. • Lester Earnest • Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
- 12. HISTORY OF AI Games with AI in early days : Pac-Man AI gives each enemy ghost its own particular behavior and movements: - i. Shadow: RED - chases after Pac-Man all the time. ii. Speedy: PINK - Very fast but moves in a random manner. iii. Bashful: BLUE - Shy at first but becomes aggressive when Pac-Man gets close. iv. Pokey: ORANGE - Slow and moves in a random manner
- 13. Applications' OF AI AI in our everyday life Cars Self-parking Cruise control Speech recognition Banks Monitoring for fraud Organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage properties. Cell Phones Voice recognition Internet Search Engines Safety Vision recognition for life-guarding Sports Physical exams
- 14. Applications' OF AI Intelligent Home Passive infrared sensors Temperature sensors Water heating control Central heating control Magnetic door and window contacts Electricity and light sensors
- 15. Applications' OF AI Military Unnamed aerial vehicles ( DRONES). Autonomous submersibles . Unmanned surveillance in shallow waters.
- 16. Applications' OF AI Medicine Computer enabled overlays (used during surgery) Learning Retinal Implant System Hearing aids A medical clinic can use AI systems organize bed schedules, a staff rotation, and medical information.
- 17. Applications' OF AI Intelligent Games Computer Chess -explores huge numbers of potential future moves by both players but has taught us little about human-like intelligence . Herzog Zwei and Dune II the first games to use AI, but were very unsuccessful Battle Cruiser3000AD and Creatures first to use neural networks and emergent behavior Far Cry -exhibited very advanced AI for its time, although this made minor glitches more apparent Half- Life first combat oriented game to incorporate a significant amount of Artificial Intelligence into its game play
- 18. Applications' OF AI SOME OTHER APPLICATIONS: Credit granting Information management and retrieval AI and expert systems embedded in products Plant layout Help desks and assistance Employee performance evaluation Shipping Marketing Warehouse optimization In space workstation maintenance Satellite controls Network developments Military activity controls Nuclear management
- 19. Some achievements of AI DARPA Grand challenge - 123 miles through the desert DARPA Urban Challenge - Autonomous driving in traffic. Deep Thought is an international grand master chess player Expert systems are used regularly in finance, medicine, manufacturing, and agriculture.
- 20. FUTURE of AI Predicting the Future Predicting the future is always a hit and miss proposition, writes Kevin Anderson.
- 21. FUTURE of AI Gradual Change • Despite the rapid advance of technology, the advent of strong AI will be a gradual process . • "The road from here to there is through thousands of these benign steps," said by Mr. Kurzweil, author of two books on AI. The Near Future • Right now, Dr. Brooks says that artificial intelligence is about at the same place the personal computer industry was in 1978 • In 1978, the Apple II was a year old and Atari had just introduced the 400 and 800
- 22. FUTURE of AI Jobs/Work • Even now we have Robots taking over jobs. • Right now Japan uses about 320 robots of all sorts per 10,000 employees, while Germany uses 148 industrial robots per 10,000 employees, Italy 116, Sweden 99 and between 50 and 80 each in the United States. The Distant Future • “A.I. and Robots are running 40 years behind computers,” said Dr. Harvey. • Although they are far behind it will only be a matter of time before they become as regular as cell phones are in your everyday life
- 23. C0NCLUSION Till now we have discussed in brief about Artificial Intelligence. We have discussed some of its principles, its applications, its achievements etc. The ultimate goal of institutions and scientists working on AI is to solve majority of the problems or to achieve the tasks which we humans directly can’t accomplish. It is for sure that development in this field of computer science will change the complete scenario of the world .Now it is the responsibility of creamy layer of Computer engineers to develop this field.