Artificial intelligence
- 2. Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think. Borrowing characteristics from human intelligence, and applying them as algorithms in a computer friendly way. Variety of perspectives:- 1. Business perspective 2. Programming perspective
- 3. History of Artificial Intelligence 1956 - John McCarthy coined the term "artificial intelligence“. 1952-1962 – The IBM introduced game playing program 1958 –John McCarthy invented LISP. 1973 - The Assembly Robotics group at Edinburgh University builds Freddy, the Famous Scottish Robot, capable of using vision to locate and assemble models. 1980’s - Lisp Machines developed and marketed. 2000’s - Interactive robot pets become commercially available, realizing the vision of the 18th cen. novelty toy makers.
- 4. Types of Artificial Intelligence Linguistic intelligence Intra-personal intelligence Musical intelligence Logical mathematical intelligence Spatial intelligence
- 5. Sub-fields of Artificial Intelligence Neural Networks – e.g. brain modelling, time series prediction, classification Vision – e.g. object recognition, image understanding Robotics – e.g. intelligent control, autonomous exploration Expert Systems – e.g. decision support systems, teaching systems Speech Processing– e.g. speech recognition and production Natural Language Processing – e.g. machine translation Planning – e.g. scheduling, game playing
- 6. Expert systems The expert systems are the computer applications developed to solve complex problems in a particular domain, at the level of extra-ordinary human intelligence and expertise.
- 7. Characteristics of Expert systems High performance Understandable Reliable High responsive
- 8. Terminology Autonomous Agent – A hardware (or software) based system that has the following properties: autonomy - able to operate without the direct intervention of humans or others social ability - able to interact with other agents and possibly humans reactivity - able to perceive their environment and respond to changes that occur in it Agency – Software that gathers information about an environment and takes actions
- 9. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Robotics: Robots are the artificial agents acting in real world environment. Robotics is a branch of AI, which is composed of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Computer Science for designing, construction, and application of robots.
- 10. Difference between Artificial Intelligence and Robotics AI Programs Robots They usually operate in computer stimulated worlds. They operate in real physical world The input to an AI program is in symbols and rules. Inputs to robots is analog signal in the form of speech waveform or images They need general purpose computers to operate on. They need special hardware with sensors and effectors.
- 11. Languages used in Artificial Intelligence 1st language: Lisp and its variants were historically used in AI research, but it doesn't seem like anyone uses it anymore. Latest languages: As always, the answer depends on the research group and subfield. C++,Java,MATLAB and Python are all used extensively. A large portion of machine learning and modeling seems to be done in Matlab (for research and proof of concept) and C++ (for speed, if the Matlab code ever works well enough), though plenty is done in Python and a few important libraries have been built in Java
- 12. Applications Gaming Natural Language Processing It is possible to interact with the computer that understands natural language spoken By humans. Vision Systems For example, Police use computer software that can recognize the face of criminal with the stored portrait made by forensic artist. Disaster rescue
- 13. Conclusion That always interest and surprise us with the new ideas, topics, innovations, products …etc. AI is still not implemented as the films representing it, At the end, we’ve been in this research through the AI definitions, history, and applications of AI in public, applications of AI and robotics. Future, maybe it will be a whole society of robots.