Artificial Intelligence AI in Libraries Training for Innovation Webinar
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The document outlines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in libraries, emphasizing its slow adoption and various applications, including chatbots and humanoid robots. It discusses challenges related to expertise, financial constraints, and ethical considerations while highlighting the goals of the IDEA Institute on AI to train library professionals. The document also details the institute's curriculum and the innovative projects being developed by its fellows.
Artificial Intelligence AI in Libraries Training for Innovation Webinar
- 1. 12/8/21 1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Libraries: Training for Innovation December 8, 2021 Dania Bilal, Professor, University of Tennessee-Knoxville; PrincipaI Investigator (PI), IDEA Institute on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Clara M. Chu, Director and Mortenson Distinguished Professor, Mortenson Center for International Library Programs, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Co-PI, IDEA Institute on AI Grant number: RE-246419-OLS-20 1 Outline ►Definition • Artificial intelligence (AI) • Machine Learning (ML) • AI in Libraries • Example applications • Slow adoption of AI ►IDEA Institute on AI • What | Why | How ►Challenges and opportunities in implementing AI in libraries based on real- world experiences of the first cohort of Institute Fellows. ►Equity, diversity, inclusion (EDI) issues; and ethical questions in AI implementation. ►Q&A https://idea.infosci.utk.edu/ 2
- 2. 12/8/21 2 What is AI? What is Machine Learning? “Artificial intelligence (AI), the ability of a digital computer or computer- controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience.” https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial- intelligence/Reasoning Machine learning (ML) is not the same as AI. “Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning focuses on the development of computer programs that can access data and use it to learn for themselves.” https://www.expert.ai/blog/machine-learning-definition/ 3 AI in Libraries Artificial Intelligence (AI) is ranked as one of the top trends in the library and information field (American Library Association Center for the Future of Libraries, 2019). See also: Smith, Carrie. What the Future Holds. https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2020/06/01/library-technology-what-future-holds/) Ex Libris Report, 2019 ▪ 5% of research libraries have leveraged AI technology ▪ 80% of research librarians are exploring AI and Machine Learning Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) New Media Consortium Horizon Report, 2018 ▪ It would take 4-5 years for academic and research libraries to adopt AI. Currently, many libraries have chatbots and a few have robots. 4
- 3. 12/8/21 3 Types of AI ►Assisted | ►Augmented | ►Autonomous https://fedtechmagazine.com/article/2020/01/assisted-intelligence-vs-augmented-intelligence-and-autonomous-intelligence-perfcon Assisted Augmented Autonomous Identifies patterns in data and applies predetermined solutions. • Example: AI-driven Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on a library’s website. • If a question has a predetermined answer, it is provided to the user; otherwise, no answer is given. • This type of AI does not use deep machine learning (ML). Combines existing data and information to suggest new solutions. • Has learning capabilities; uses deep machine learning (ML), continuous training, and natural language processing. • Example: AI-powered chatbots with ML models trained to communicate with users to find solutions. Automates processes to make machines, bots, and systems act on their own, independent of human intervention. • Machines have total control. • Organizations and libraries may not be ready to use this type of AI. 5 Pervasive AI-based Applications Voice digital assistants AI in the workplace Home digital assistants Robots in education NAO has been used in a UAE primary school. https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3369457.3369517 http://medium.com Robot teaches children at Roanoke public library https://www.wordstream.com/blog/ws/2018/03/01 /voice-assistants https://magazine.northeast.aaa.com/daily/life/te chnology/digital-assistant-work-for-you https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xs0JSI3wsck 3D holograms in libraries are NEXT https://theconversation.com/classrooms-of-the-e-future- will-be-virtual-with-life-like-reality-45251 6
- 4. 12/8/21 4 What Has Been Adopted So Far in Libraries? AI-enabled User Services AI-based Data Extraction and Linked Data Using ML AI-informed Decision Making AI-powered Search and Discovery (Bento) http://dataversity.com http://sam-solutions.com http://Zdnet.com http://techcentred.com 7 AI-powered Chatbots: Meet Bizzy https://libraries.ou.edu/content/introducing-bizzy Bizzy is a chatbot and a virtual assistant, which uses machine learning to answer routine reference questions. Bizzy provides assistance when live-chat services with staff are available. It’s available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Metrics 3,773 Questions Answered (since July 2019) 88% Accuracy 1,293 Topics of Conversation 1,576 Links Clicked from within Chatbot 9 AM Most Popular Time Tuesday Most Popular Day Bizzy started in 2017 as an experiment to use Amazon Alexa digital assistant to train in answering questions about the library, and search Primo (online catalog) and Lib Guides. See, Alexa, What is the Future of AI in Libraries? 8
- 5. 12/8/21 5 Chatbots by Ivy.ai (chatbots for higher education) 9 Chatbots Built by Libraries – University of California at Irvine https://universitybusiness.com/artificial-intelligence-ai-in-libraries-answers-library-chatbot/ 10
- 6. 12/8/21 6 Humanoid Robots in Libraries Pepper, the Library Assistant Greets people, shelf-reads materials, retrieves materials, inventories collections, reads books, and answers simple reference questions. https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2020/06/01/library-technology-what-future-holds / 11 Robots in Libraries: Libby Libby greeting students at the University of Pretoria Libraries in South Africa. The first robot to be employed in any university library in Africa. University of Pretoria Department of Library Services. 12
- 7. 12/8/21 7 Meet Tammy Pepper Knox at the University of Tennessee 13 Here is what Tammy Pepper Knox is saying in the video Hi there! My name is Tammy Pepper Knox. But you can call me Tammy. I am a social robot which means my purpose is to interact with humans like you. I recently joined the researchers at the University of Tennessee to work on new and innovative ways to improve the quality of life for older adults. That’s where I come in! My job is to communicate with the user and figure out how I can help them with daily activities. I can remind someone to take their medicine, go on walks with them, provide entertainment such as playing games, motivate them to exercise, suggest calling friends and family members, and keep their care partners informed. I will try my best to understand people’s feelings so that I can be sympathetic. My goals are to improve the quality of life for older adults by being a companion, looking out for their safety and health, and keeping them connected to friends and family. Thanks for watching! See Tammy Dance, https://uofi.box.com/s/egn74a4ogn27cru3nb1xhfc3hy8hhzai 14
- 8. 12/8/21 8 Why is AI Adoption Slow in Libraries? Our Project Innovation, Disruption, Enquiry, Access: IDEA Institute On Artificial Intelligence (AI) Ø Lack of expertise (lack of in-depth training) Ø Social issues (e.g., algorithmic bias, privacy, safety) Ø Challenges (e.g., fear of losing the job, change in job responsibilities) Ø Evolving nature of AI Ø Financial constraints https://idea.infosci.utk.edu 15 https://idea.infosci.utk.edu 16
- 9. 12/8/21 9 Parnters Funded in part by Grant number: RE-246419-OLS-20 https://idea.infosci.utk.edu 17 Goals of the IDEA Institute on AI Develop an innovative, forward-looking continuing education program on AI in library and information environments. Develop leaders of AI in library and information environments, who individually and as a collective can innovate and create better awareness of AI as “transformative” technology. Contribute AI curriculum to fill a gap in AI education in LIS programs and library and information environments. 18
- 10. 12/8/21 10 IDEA Institute Values: ü equity, diversity, and inclusion. It is committed to equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in all aspects of the program in order to deepen the knowledge and skills of library and information professionals in using artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance information access, discovery, and services for users, independent of race, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, and other dimensions of potential inequity. ü designing AI using the human-centered AI approach ü mitigating data and algorithmic bias to ensure equity in designing AI technology 19 19 AI Applications Require: Mastery Competency Literacy Awareness 20
- 11. 12/8/21 11 Activities 2021 Pre-Institute Onboarding Program 25 May to 29 June Institute Program 10-16 July Post-Institute Activities Post-July 16 Assessment Pre-, during and post- program IDEA Institute Host Institutions Year 1 (July 2021) - The University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK) Year 2 (July 2022) - The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) 2021 Institute Overview 17 Fellows, highly diverse and qualified (15 funded and 2 self-funded) 21 COVID-19 Challenges Institute Considerations § Cohort development (housing) § Cohort learning (face-to-face) § Potential change in Institute dates • Financial implications • UTK policies compliance COVID-19 Considerations § Changes to UTK campus events policy § Safety • Accommodations • Travel • Facilities (Labs etc.) • Immunization 22
- 12. 12/8/21 12 Fellows (17) Positions Institutions (13A, 1S, 2P, 1F) Martha Anderson Head, Digital Services Department University of Arkansas at Fayetteville Libraries Shelly Black Libraries Fellow North Carolina State University Libraries Rachelle Brandel User and Engagement Services Specialist (Librarian) Missouri Baptist University Matt Cook Digital Scholarship Program Manager Harvard Library Julie Marie Frye School Librarian, Head Gems World Academy - Chicago David Hurley Discovery and Web Librarian (Assistant Professor) University of New Mexico Peter Hyun Web Developer & STEM Project Lead Instructor Howard County Library System Casandra Laskowski Technology & Empirical Services Librarian University of Arizona Gigi Mohamad Assistant Professor William Paterson University Ismail Masaya Web Developer and Systems Programmer Northern Michigan University, Lydia M. Olson Library Dorothy Ogdon Head of Emerging Technology and System Development University of Alabama at Birmingham Anchalee Panigabutra-Roberts Head, Cataloging University of Tennessee Libraries Meng Qu Web Service Librarian Miami University Gang Shao Data Science Specialist Purdue University Win Shih Director of Integrated Library Systems University of Southern California Tienya Smith Community Library Manager Queens Public Library Trevor Watkins Teaching and Outreach Librarian George Mason University 23 Institute Highlights ► Exchange of Fellows’ AI project ideas ► Learning conceptual, technical, social, and applied aspects of AI ► Reflection on learning experience and discussion on areas of improvement ► Developing own AI projects ► Capstone showcase ► Networking dinner with AI experts ► Program evaluation 24
- 13. 12/8/21 13 Selected Curriculum Topics ► What is AI? ► AI challenges and opportunities ► AI impact, values, and ethical concerns ► AI project planning ► User-centered project design ► Data collection for AI application ► AI in technical services ► AI and data preparation ► AI tools and solutions ► Machine Learning and coding ► Voice Digital Assistants in libraries 25 Examples of AI Projects/Applications in Libraries 26
- 14. 12/8/21 14 The University Libraries’ Reckoning Initiative UNC-Chapel Hill. https://library.unc.edu/r eckoning/ AI to convert… Collections as sources of data for education, reparation, research, etc. 27 28
- 15. 12/8/21 15 Improve search and discovery: Dynamic Linked Data (Bill Mischo. Presentation 2021.7.11, IDEA Institute on AI.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bento 29 (Bill Mischo. Presentation 2021.7.11, IDEA Institute on AI.) Search and Discovery in Easy Search Online Catalog 30
- 16. 12/8/21 16 31 Search on materials discovery and machine learning 31 Machine Learning for Text with Topic Modeling and Clustering. Project by Bill Mischo and & Elisandro Cabada 32
- 17. 12/8/21 17 Programming a chatbot IDEA Institute with AI experts and Tammy Pepper Knox 2021.7.15 Snapshots at IDEA Institute 33 IDEA Institute on AI: Showcase of Fellows’ Projects. July 16, 2021 Group A: Enhancing existing collections • Ismail - Image Processing and Analysis of all NMU Presidents. • Matt - Longhand: Immersive visualization of handwritten document contents • Win - More inclusive metadata: enhancing the discoverability of LGBTQ collection • Joy - Connecting Islamic technology with the history of robotics in linked data with Wikidatabot Group B: AI in Learning and Discovery • Julie Marie - AI curriculum for elementary-aged learners • Gigi - Virtual School Library Assistant • Peter - Enhancing discovery through AI-assisted keyword search • David - Categorizing Reference Questions Group C: Chatbots in Libraries • Gang - Chatting bot for digital reference • Trevor - MOCA: Mason’s Orientation Conversational Agent • Rachelle - Increased Promotion of the Learning Center Through the Use of Conversational AI • Tienya - Ask Teisha: a Personal Library Assistant for Young Adults Group D: Enhancing Library Management and Planning • Martha - DSC: UAF’s Unified Communication Solution • Cas - Triaging Service Requests • Shelly - Adding automated description to a born-digital archival processing application • Meng - A Library Patrons Counting and Analyzing Project • Dorothy - Robots AND NOT Retrofitting 34
- 18. 12/8/21 18 Related Activities Creation of ASIS&T Special Interest Group (SIG) on Artificial Intelligence (SIG AI) https://www.asist.org/sig/sigai/ Association for Information Science & Technology (ASIS&T) ▪ 2021 Workshop at the Annual Conference, October 30-November 2nd. https://asistaiworkshop.web.illinois.edu/ American Library Association program (To be Announced) Conference presentations / Webinars ▪ South Korea ▪ Lebanon ▪ Mexico ▪ Arabian Gulf Region ▪ Tennessee Library Association 2022 Conference (forthcoming) ▪ iConference 2022 (forthcoming) 35 Call for applications for 2022 IDEA (Innovation, Disruption, Enquiry, Access) Institute on Artificial Intelligence For details, visit https://idea.infosci.utk.edu/apply 36
- 19. 12/8/21 19 THANK YOU ﺷ ﻛ ر ا ً More information is at https://idea.infosci.utk.edu/ Contacts: Dania Bilal [email protected] Clara M. Chu [email protected] Soo Young Rieh [email protected] Grant number: RE-246419-OLS-20 37 Adapted from: https://citycoastremovals.com.au/frequently-asked-removalist-questions.html ا ﻷ ﺳ ﺋ ﻠ ﺔ و ا ﻟ ﺗ ﺳ ﺎ ؤ ﻻ ت 38